c2.2 neural signalling Flashcards
neurone
cell within the nervous system that carry electrical impulses
sensory neurone function
- sense stimuli
- send to spine
sensory neurone shape
cell body at the end
relay neurone function
travel
motor neurone function
move
what allows electrical impulses to be faster
myelin sheath
how does myelin sheath allow electrical impulses to be faster
reduce distance electrical impulse has to travel so the speed is much faster
location of the myelin sheath
layers surrounding the axon
how is an impulse generated + how does it travel [3]
- part of axon going thru action potential, the rest is at resting potential
- electrical impulse will cause resting potential to turn into action potential
- the action potential will trigger a new action potential in the adjacent section of the axon in one direction
- previous part of action potential will go back to resting
why cant the electrical impulse go back
-80mV too negative so sodium voltage gated channel cant open (hyperpolarisation)
synapse
junction between 2 neurones in the nervous system
what can synapse be in between [2]
- between sensory receptor cells and neurones
- between neurones and muscle fibre or glands
acetylcholine released by + function
being released by motor neurones to control muscle contraction
what happens to acetylcholine once it activates the action potential
recycled and broken down
what happens if acetylcholine is not broken down
muscle spasms
characteristic of acetylcholine
can bind to completely different receptors
why can acetylcholine bind to 2 completely different receptors
made up of 2 parts: acetyl CoA and choline
- so head and tail are diff shapes
enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
acetylcholinesterase
why does the electrical current only go one way during depolarisation
the one before is at hyperpolarisation (-80mV) but the one next is at -70 mV so its easier to get the -70mV up to action potential
what is depolarisation caused by
sodium ions rushing in
what is repolarisation caused by
potassium ions rushing out
what is the node of revere
gaps between the myelin sheath
why are gaps between the myelin sheath needed
insulation prevent ions movement
how do gaps between the myelin sheath cause the distance travelled reduced
reduces ion exchange so ion exchange only happens at the nodes and less energy is required