d1.3 mutation and gene editing

Question 1

mutations

Answer 1

random change in the dna sequence

Question 2

mutations in somatic cell

Answer 2

all cells except the ones that makes gametes so does not get passed on to offpsring

Question 3

mutations in germ cell

Answer 3

• will get passed onto offspring
• will appear in gametes

Question 4

why mutation could help a species thrive though natural selection

Answer 4

genetic mutations that are beneficial to an individual’s survival are passed on through reproduction

Question 5

gene knockout

Answer 5

remove gene using homologues recombination

Question 6

crispr

Answer 6

dna sequence that needs to bind to sense rna

Question 7

what happens when theres no crispr

Answer 7

cant bind to Cas 9

Question 8

Cas 9

Answer 8

enzyme that collect fragment of virus dna and cut it out

Question 9

sickle cell anaemia with crispr

Answer 9

• patients’ stem cells are modified by genome editing using crispr technology
• modified blood stem cells are transplants back into the patient where they engraft within the bone marrow and increase the production of fetal haemoglobin
• increased level of fetal haemoglobin prevent the sickling of red blood cells

Question 10

conserved genes

Answer 10

similar or identical across a species or a group of genes

Question 11

highly conserved genes

Answer 11

identical or similar over long periods of evolution

Question 12

why genes are highly conserved [2]

Answer 12

1. functionally needed (coding important proteins)
2. in regions of the genomes with slow mutation rate

Question 13

high dna curvature equals

Answer 13

low mutation rate