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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the bladder

A

cystic

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2
Q

pertaining to a glomerulus

A

glomerular

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3
Q

pertaining to the meatus

A

meatal

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4
Q

pertaining to the renal pelvis

A

pyelitic

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5
Q

pertaining to the kidney

A

renal

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6
Q

pertaining to a ureter

A

ureteral

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7
Q

pertaining to the urethra

A

urethral

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8
Q

pertaining to urine

A

urinary

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9
Q

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney

A

nephrology

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10
Q

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of disease and disorders of the urinary system

A

urology

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11
Q

complete lack of urine production and lack of urine excretion

A

anuria

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12
Q

nitrogenous wastes in the bloodstream

A

azotemia

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13
Q

presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

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14
Q

calculustone formed within an organ from mineral salts

A

calculus

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15
Q

urinary bladder pain

A

cystalgia

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16
Q

bladder stone

A

cystolith

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17
Q

abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder

A

cystorrhagia

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18
Q

increased formation and secretion of urine

A

diuresis

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19
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

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20
Q

involuntary discharge of urine; also called bed-wetting at night

A

enuresis

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21
Q

greater-than-normal urge to urinate; no increase in total volume of urine

A

frequency

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22
Q

presence of sugar in the urine

A

glycosuria

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23
Q

presence of blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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24
Q

decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow

A

hesitancy

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25
Q

presence of ketones in the urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy

A

ketonuria

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26
Q

kidney stone

A

nephrolith

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27
Q

kidney is abnormally soft

A

nephromalacia

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28
Q

kidney is enlarged

A

nephromegaly

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29
Q

kidney tissue has become hardened

A

nephrosclerosis

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30
Q

having to urinate frequently during the night

A

nocturia

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31
Q

producing too little urine

A

oliguria

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32
Q

producing an unusually large volume of urine

A

polyuria

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33
Q

presence of protein in the urine

A

proteinuria

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34
Q

presence of pus in the urine

A

pyuria

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35
Q

pain caused by a kidney stone

A

renal colic

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36
Q

narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system

A

stricture

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37
Q

accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream

A

uremia

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38
Q

ureter is stretched out or dilated

A

ureterectasis

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39
Q

stone in the ureter

A

ureterolith

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40
Q

ureter has become narrow

A

ureterostenosis

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41
Q

urethral pain

A

urethralgia

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42
Q

abnormal bleeding from the urethra

A

urethrorrhagia

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43
Q

urethra has become narrow

A

urethrostenosis

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44
Q

feeling the need to urinate immediately

A

urgency

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45
Q

involuntary release of urine

A

urinary incontinence

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46
Q

inability to fully empty the bladder

A

urinary retention

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47
Q

damage to renal tubules due to toxins in the urine; results in oliguria

A

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

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48
Q

damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus

A

diabetic nephropathy

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49
Q

inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells

A

glomerulonephritis

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50
Q

distention of renal pelvis due to accumulation of urine in the kidney

A

hydronephrosis

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51
Q

kidney inflammation

A

nephritis

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52
Q

presence of calculi in the kidney; solidification of salts in the urine

A

nephrolithiasis

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53
Q

kidney tumor

A

nephroma

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54
Q

general term for presence of kidney disease

A

nephropathy

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55
Q

downward displacement of the kidney; floating kidney

A

nephroptosis

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56
Q

damage to the glomerulus; protein appears in the urine

A

nephrotic syndrome (NS)

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57
Q

formation of multiple cysts within the kidney; destroys normal kidney tissue

A

polycystic kidneys

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58
Q

renal pelvis inflammation

A

pyelitis

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59
Q

inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney; common type of kidney disease

A

pyelonephritis

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60
Q

cancerous tumor of renal tubule cells

A

renal cell carcinoma

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61
Q

inability of kidneys to filter wastes; results in uremia

A

renal failure

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62
Q

malignant kidney tumor; most often found in children

A

Wilms’ tumor

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63
Q

cancerous tumor arising from cells lining bladder; primary symptom is hematuria

A

bladder cancer

64
Q

blockage of bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland

A

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

65
Q

urinary bladder inflammation

A

cystitis

66
Q

protrusion of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina

A

cystocele

67
Q

inflammation and irritation of bladder

A

interstitial cystitis

68
Q

loss of nervous control; leads to retention

A

neurogenic bladder

69
Q

infection of any organ of urinary system, usually by bacteria; begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys

A

urinary tract infection (UTI)

70
Q

urine test that measures the amount of albumin and creatinine present; an increased ratio indicates disease

A

albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)

71
Q

blood test to evaluate kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in the bloodstream

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

72
Q

urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary meatus and collecting sample in midstream

A

clean catch specimen (CC)

73
Q

test of kidney function; amount of creatinine in bloodstream is compared to amount in the urine

A

creatinine clearance

74
Q

test to measure kidney function; measures level of creatinine in urine

A

estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

75
Q

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

A

urinalysis (U/A, UA)

76
Q

test for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it; then determine to which antibiotics it is sensitive

A

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

77
Q

instrument to measure specific gravity of urine

A

urinometer

78
Q

x-ray record of the bladder

A

cystogram

79
Q

contrast dye is placed in bladder and then x-ray is taken; outlines bladder

A

cystography

80
Q

dye is injected into bloodstream; x-ray traces the dye as it moves through organs of the urinary system

A

excretory urography (EU)

81
Q

injecting a dye into a vein and then taking an x-ray to outline the renal pelvis

A

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

82
Q

abdominal x-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

83
Q

x-ray record of the kidney

A

nephrogram

84
Q

x-ray record of the renal pelvis

A

pyelogram

85
Q

dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis

A

retrograde pyelography (RP)

86
Q

dye is placed in the bladder; x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding

A

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

87
Q

instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder

A

cystoscope

88
Q

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

A

cystoscopy (cysto)

89
Q

instrument used to visually examine the urethra

A

urethroscope

90
Q

flexible tube inserted into the body; commonly through the urethra into the bladder

A

catheter

91
Q

insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder

A

catheterization (cath)

92
Q

use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi

A

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

93
Q

use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood

A

hemodialysis (HD)

94
Q

removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity

A

peritoneal dialysis

95
Q

surgical removal of the bladder

A

cystectomy

96
Q

surgical fixation of the bladder

A

cystopexy

97
Q

surgical repair of the bladder

A

cystoplasty

98
Q

surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder

A

cystostomy

99
Q

cutting into the bladder

A

cystotomy

100
Q

cutting into an organ to remove a stone

A

lithotomy

101
Q

physical destruction of a stone

A

lithotripsy

102
Q

incision into the meatus to enlarge it

A

meatotomy

103
Q

surgical removal of a kidney

A

nephrectomy

104
Q

incision to remove stones from the kidney

A

nephrolithotomy

105
Q

surgical fixation of a kidney

A

nephropexy

106
Q

surgical creation of a new opening into a kidney

A

nephrostomy

107
Q

cutting into a kidney

A

nephrotomy

108
Q

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

A

pyeloplasty

109
Q

surgical placement of a donor kidney

A

renal transplant

110
Q

a substance that neutralizes poisons or their side effects

A

antidote

111
Q

usually unfavorable response by the body to a physician’s actions, a medication, or a medical treatment

A

iatrogenic

112
Q

an unusual or abnormal response to a drug or food

A

idiosyncrasy

113
Q

response to a drug other than the desired effect; an adverse reaction

A

side effect

114
Q

the extent or degree to which something is poisonous

A

toxicity

115
Q

treats bacterial infection

A

antibiotic

116
Q

prevents or reduces bladder muscle spasms

A

antispasmodic

117
Q

increases volume of urine

A

diuretic

118
Q

ACR

A

albumin/creatinine ratio

119
Q

AGN

A

acute glomerulonephritis

120
Q

AKI

A

acute kidney injury

121
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

122
Q

ATN

A

acute tubular necrosis

123
Q

BNO

A

bladder neck obstruction

124
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

125
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

126
Q

cath

A

catheterization

127
Q

CC

A

clean catch urine specimen

128
Q

Cl-

A

chloride

129
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

130
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

131
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopy

132
Q

eGFR

A

estimated glomerular filtration rate

133
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

134
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

135
Q

EU

A

excretory urography

136
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

137
Q

HCO3-

A

bicarbonate

138
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

139
Q

H2O

A

water

140
Q

I&O

A

input and output

141
Q

IPD

A

intermittent peritoneal dialysis

142
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

143
Q

K+

A

potassium

144
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

145
Q

mcg

A

microgram

146
Q

mEq

A

milliequivalent

147
Q

mg

A

milligram

148
Q

mL

A

milliliter

149
Q

Na+

A

sodium

150
Q

NS

A

nephrotic syndrome

151
Q

pH

A

acidity or alkalinity of urine

152
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

153
Q

SG, sp. gr.

A

specific gravity

154
Q

U/A, UA

A

urinalysis

155
Q

UC

A

urine culture

156
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

157
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrography

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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