Chapter 9 Terms Flashcards
pertaining to the bladder
cystic
pertaining to a glomerulus
glomerular
pertaining to the meatus
meatal
pertaining to the renal pelvis
pyelitic
pertaining to the kidney
renal
pertaining to a ureter
ureteral
pertaining to the urethra
urethral
pertaining to urine
urinary
Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney
nephrology
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of disease and disorders of the urinary system
urology
complete lack of urine production and lack of urine excretion
anuria
nitrogenous wastes in the bloodstream
azotemia
presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
calculustone formed within an organ from mineral salts
calculus
urinary bladder pain
cystalgia
bladder stone
cystolith
abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder
cystorrhagia
increased formation and secretion of urine
diuresis
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
involuntary discharge of urine; also called bed-wetting at night
enuresis
greater-than-normal urge to urinate; no increase in total volume of urine
frequency
presence of sugar in the urine
glycosuria
presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow
hesitancy
presence of ketones in the urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy
ketonuria
kidney stone
nephrolith
kidney is abnormally soft
nephromalacia
kidney is enlarged
nephromegaly
kidney tissue has become hardened
nephrosclerosis
having to urinate frequently during the night
nocturia
producing too little urine
oliguria
producing an unusually large volume of urine
polyuria
presence of protein in the urine
proteinuria
presence of pus in the urine
pyuria
pain caused by a kidney stone
renal colic
narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system
stricture
accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream
uremia
ureter is stretched out or dilated
ureterectasis
stone in the ureter
ureterolith
ureter has become narrow
ureterostenosis
urethral pain
urethralgia
abnormal bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
urethra has become narrow
urethrostenosis
feeling the need to urinate immediately
urgency
involuntary release of urine
urinary incontinence
inability to fully empty the bladder
urinary retention
damage to renal tubules due to toxins in the urine; results in oliguria
acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus
diabetic nephropathy
inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells
glomerulonephritis
distention of renal pelvis due to accumulation of urine in the kidney
hydronephrosis
kidney inflammation
nephritis
presence of calculi in the kidney; solidification of salts in the urine
nephrolithiasis
kidney tumor
nephroma
general term for presence of kidney disease
nephropathy
downward displacement of the kidney; floating kidney
nephroptosis
damage to the glomerulus; protein appears in the urine
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
formation of multiple cysts within the kidney; destroys normal kidney tissue
polycystic kidneys
renal pelvis inflammation
pyelitis
inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney; common type of kidney disease
pyelonephritis
cancerous tumor of renal tubule cells
renal cell carcinoma
inability of kidneys to filter wastes; results in uremia
renal failure
malignant kidney tumor; most often found in children
Wilms’ tumor
cancerous tumor arising from cells lining bladder; primary symptom is hematuria
bladder cancer
blockage of bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
urinary bladder inflammation
cystitis
protrusion of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina
cystocele
inflammation and irritation of bladder
interstitial cystitis
loss of nervous control; leads to retention
neurogenic bladder
infection of any organ of urinary system, usually by bacteria; begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys
urinary tract infection (UTI)
urine test that measures the amount of albumin and creatinine present; an increased ratio indicates disease
albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)
blood test to evaluate kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in the bloodstream
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary meatus and collecting sample in midstream
clean catch specimen (CC)
test of kidney function; amount of creatinine in bloodstream is compared to amount in the urine
creatinine clearance
test to measure kidney function; measures level of creatinine in urine
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urinalysis (U/A, UA)
test for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it; then determine to which antibiotics it is sensitive
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine
urinometer
x-ray record of the bladder
cystogram
contrast dye is placed in bladder and then x-ray is taken; outlines bladder
cystography
dye is injected into bloodstream; x-ray traces the dye as it moves through organs of the urinary system
excretory urography (EU)
injecting a dye into a vein and then taking an x-ray to outline the renal pelvis
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
abdominal x-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
x-ray record of the kidney
nephrogram
x-ray record of the renal pelvis
pyelogram
dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis
retrograde pyelography (RP)
dye is placed in the bladder; x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder
cystoscope
visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
cystoscopy (cysto)
instrument used to visually examine the urethra
urethroscope
flexible tube inserted into the body; commonly through the urethra into the bladder
catheter
insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder
catheterization (cath)
use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood
hemodialysis (HD)
removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity
peritoneal dialysis
surgical removal of the bladder
cystectomy
surgical fixation of the bladder
cystopexy
surgical repair of the bladder
cystoplasty
surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder
cystostomy
cutting into the bladder
cystotomy
cutting into an organ to remove a stone
lithotomy
physical destruction of a stone
lithotripsy
incision into the meatus to enlarge it
meatotomy
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
incision to remove stones from the kidney
nephrolithotomy
surgical fixation of a kidney
nephropexy
surgical creation of a new opening into a kidney
nephrostomy
cutting into a kidney
nephrotomy
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
surgical placement of a donor kidney
renal transplant
a substance that neutralizes poisons or their side effects
antidote
usually unfavorable response by the body to a physician’s actions, a medication, or a medical treatment
iatrogenic
an unusual or abnormal response to a drug or food
idiosyncrasy
response to a drug other than the desired effect; an adverse reaction
side effect
the extent or degree to which something is poisonous
toxicity
treats bacterial infection
antibiotic
prevents or reduces bladder muscle spasms
antispasmodic
increases volume of urine
diuretic
ACR
albumin/creatinine ratio
AGN
acute glomerulonephritis
AKI
acute kidney injury
ARF
acute renal failure
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
BNO
bladder neck obstruction
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
cath
catheterization
CC
clean catch urine specimen
Cl-
chloride
CRF
chronic renal failure
C&S
culture and sensitivity
cysto
cystoscopy
eGFR
estimated glomerular filtration rate
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
ESWL
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
EU
excretory urography
GU
genitourinary
HCO3-
bicarbonate
HD
hemodialysis
H2O
water
I&O
input and output
IPD
intermittent peritoneal dialysis
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
K+
potassium
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
mcg
microgram
mEq
milliequivalent
mg
milligram
mL
milliliter
Na+
sodium
NS
nephrotic syndrome
pH
acidity or alkalinity of urine
RP
retrograde pyelogram
SG, sp. gr.
specific gravity
U/A, UA
urinalysis
UC
urine culture
UTI
urinary tract infection
VCUG
voiding cystourethrography
