Chapter 10 Terms Flashcards
pertaining to the amnion
amniotic
pertaining to the cervix
cervical
pertaining to the chorion
chorionic
pertaining to the embryo
embryonic
pertaining to the inner lining of the uterus
endometrial
pertaining to the fetus
fetal
pertaining to having fibers
fibrous
pertaining to milk
lactic
pertaining to a breast
mammary
pertaining to an ovary
ovarian
pertaining to the perineum
perineal
pertaining to the uterus
uterine
pertaining to the vagina
vaginal
pertaining to the vulva
vulvar
period of time before birth
antepartum
thin fluid first secreted by the breast after delivery; contains antibodies
colostrum
develop from two different ova fertilized by two different sperm
fraternal twins
develop from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum
identical twins
first bowel movement of the newborn
meconium
woman who has been pregnant two or more times
multigravida
woman who has given birth to a live infant two or more times
multipara
term for newborn baby
neonate
woman who has not been pregnant
nulligravida
woman who has not given birth to a live infant
nullipara
period of time just after birth
postpartum
woman who is pregnant for the first time
primigravida (GI or grav I)
woman who has given birth to a live infant once
primipara (PI or para I)
branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system
gynecology
branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns
neonatology
branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth, and immediately after childbirth
obstetrics
condition of having no menstrual flow
amenorrhea
flow of amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures
amniorrhea
condition of having painful menstrual flow
dysmenorrhea
condition of having painful sexual intercourse
dyspareunia
difficult labor and childbirth
dystocia
presence of blood in the uterine tube
hematosalpinx
whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
leukorrhea
breast pain
mastalgia
condition of having abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation time
menorrhagia
uterine bleeding between menstrual periods
metrorrhagia
discharge (such as pus or mucus) from the uterus
metrorrhea
condition of having light menstrual flow
oligomenorrhea
inflammation of an ovary
oophoritis
malignant tumor of the ovaries
ovarian carcinoma
cyst that develops in the ovary; may rupture causing pain and bleeding
ovarian cyst
presence of pus in a uterine tube
pyosalpinx
inflammation of a uterine tube
salpingitis
malignant tumor of the cervix
cervical cancer
inflammation occurring within the cervix
endocervicitis
malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus
endometrial cancer
inflammation of the lining of the uterus
endometritis
benign fibrous tumor in the uterus
fibroid tumor
rupture of the uterus
hysterorrhexis
excessive bleeding during and between menstrual periods
menometrorrhagia
group of symptoms appearing just prior to the menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, an anxiety
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
fallen uterus; may cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening
prolapsed uterus
yeast infection of mucous membranes lining the vagina
candidiasis
hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
cystocele
protrusion of the rectum into the vagina
rectocele
staphylococcus infection occurring in menstruating women; associated with prolonged wear of super-absorbent tampons
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
inflammation of the vagina
vaginitis
the appearance of endometrial tissue throughout the pelvis or on the abdominal wall
endometriosis
bacterial infection that has spread through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation of pelvic cavity around the outside of the uterus
perimetritis
malignant tumor of the breast tissue
breast cancer
appearance of fibrous tumors in breast tissue
fibrocystic breast disease
discharge of milk from breast other than normal lactation
lactorrhea
inflammation of a breast
mastitis
placenta tears away from the uterine wall prior to delivery of the baby
abruptio placentae
convulsions and coma occurring during late stages of pregnancy
eclampsia
occurs when a mother is RH- and her baby is Rh+; the mother’s antibodies cross the placenta and attack to baby’s blood
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
inability to produce children; no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for one year
infertility
formation of the placenta low in the uterus that blocks the opening to the birth canal
placenta previa
metabolic disease of pregnancy; may result in eclampsia; symptoms include hypertension, headaches, and edema; also called toxemia
preeclampsia
emergence of the umbilical cord from birth canal before the baby; the cord becomes pinched between baby’s head and vaginal wall, cutting off the baby’s blood supply
prolapsed umbilical cord
the body acts as if there is a pregnancy when there is no pregnancy; hormonal changes are common
pseudocyesis
pregnancy that occurs in the uterine tube instead of in the uterus
salpingocyesis
unplanned loss of pregnancy early in gestation; commonly called a miscarriage
spontaneous abortion
death of a fetus of viable age’; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery
stillbirth
examination of cervical tissue sample to determine whether HPV infection is responsible for cervical cancer
human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test
scraping of cervical cells is examined for early signs of cervical cancer
Pap (papanicolaou) smear
chemical test to determine a pregnancy during first few weeks
pregnancy test
x-ray of uterus and uterine tubes after injecting radiopaque material into the uterus and uterine tubes
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
x-ray record of the breast
mammogram
the process of recording the breast
mammography
use of high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of the pelvic organs or a fetus
pelvic ultrasonography
instrument used to visually examine the vagina
colposcope
visual examination of the vagina
colposcopy
visual examination of pelvic cavity behind the uterus using a culdoscope introduced through an incision in the vaginal wall
culdoscopy
instrument to examine inside the abdominopelvic cavity
laparoscope
visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity and organs
laparoscopy
puncture of the amniotic sac with a needle and syringe to remove fluid for testing; helps determine fetal maturity, development, and genetic disorders
amniocentesis
evaluates newborn’s adjustment to outside environment; observe color, heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, and response to stimulus
Apgar score
removal of a small piece of chorion for genetic analysis
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
electronic equipment on mother’s abdomen or fetus’s scalp to check heart rate during labor and delivery
fetal monitoring
removing a piece of cervical tissue to examine for cancer
cervical biopsy
removing a sample of endometrial tissue to examine for cancer
endometrial biopsy (EMB)
physical exam of vagina and adjacent organs; a speculum is used to open the vagina
pelvic examination
prevents sperm from meeting and ovum; condom, diaphragms
barrier contraception
using hormones to block ovulation; no ovum is released for fertilization; pills, patch, implant
hormonal contraception
device inserted into uterus to prevent pregnancy from establishing
intrauterine device (IUD)
cutting into the amnion
amniotomy
surgical removal of cervix
cervicectomy
surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision
cesarean section (CS, C-section)
removal of a core of cervical tissue
conization
dilation of cervix and scraping away of endometrial lining
dilation and curettage (D&C)
legal termination of a pregnancy for non-medical reasons
elective abortion
suture of the perineum following tearing or episiotomy during birth
episiorrhaphy
incision into the perineum to widen the birth canal during delivery
episiotomy
surgical removal of the hymen
hymenectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
surgical fixation of the uterus
hysteropexy
cutting in to the abdominal cavity
laparotomy
removal of breast lump and tissue immediately surrounding it
lumpectomy
surgical repair of the breast
mammoplasty
surgical removal of and ovary
oophorectomy
removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes
radical mastectomy
surgical removal of a uterine tube
salpingectomy
removal of breast tissue only
simple mastectomy
termination of a pregnancy for the health of the mother or another medial reason
therapeutic abortion
removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both uterine tube, and both ovaries
total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)
surgical tying off of uterine tubes to prevent conception
tubal ligation
removal of the uterus through vagina rather than an abdominal incision
vaginal hysterectomy
terminates a pregnancy
abortifacient
triggers ovulation
fertility drug
replacement estrogen after menopause or loss of the ovaries
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
prevents conception by blocking ovulation
oral contraceptive pills
improves uterine contractions during labor and delivery
oxytocin
AB
abortion
AI
artificial insemination
BSE
breast self-examinatino
CS, C-section
cesarean section
CVS
chorionic villus sampling
Cx
cervix
D&C
dilation and curettage
EDD
estimated date of delivery
EMB
endometrial biopsy
ERT
estrogen replacement therapy
FEKG
fetal electrocardiogram
FHR
fetal heart rate
FHT
fetal heart tone
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
FTND
full-term normal delivery
GI, grav I
first pregnancy
GYN, gyn
gynecology
HCG, hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
HPV
human papilloma virus
HRT
hormon replacement therapy
HSG
hysterosalpingography
IUD
intrauterine device
IVF
in vitro fertilization
LBW
low birth weight
LH
luteinizing hormone
LMP
last menstrual period
NB
newborn
OB
obstetrics
OCPs
oral contraceptive pills
Pap
papanicolaou test
PI, para I
first delivery
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PIH
pregnancy-induced
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
UC
uterine contraction
absence of testes
anorchism
failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum before birth
cryptorchidism
accumulation of fluid around the testes or along the spermatic cord
hydrocele
inflammation of one or both testes
orchitis
inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis
sterility
malignant tumor of the testes
testicular carcinoma
twisting of the spermatic cord
testicular torsion
enlargement of veins in the spermatic cord; most common in the left side of adolescent males
varicocele
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland; common in older men
benign prostatic hyperplasia
malignant tumor of the prostate gland
prostate cancer
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
congenital condition; opening of the urethra is on the dorsal surface of the penis
epispadias
inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to inability to maintain an erection
erectile dysfunction (ED)
congenital condition; opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis
hypospadias
narrowing of prepuce; constricts the glans penis
phimosis
persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation
priapism
highly infectious nonsyphilitic venereal ulcer
chancroid
bacterial genital infection in males and females
chlamydia
viral infection that appears like blisters
genital herpes
warts on the genitalia of both males and females; caused by a virus
genital warts
bacterial infection of mucous membranes
gonorrhea (GC)
sexually transmitted virus that attacks the immune system
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
disease acquired as a result of sexual intercourse; also called venereal disease (VD) or sexually transmitted infection (STI)
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple organs and is fatal when untreated
syphilis
genitourinary infection caused by a protist in both males and females
trichomoniasis
blood test to screen for prostate cancer
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
part of fertility workup; sperm are analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape
semen analysis
manual examination for enlarged prostate
digital rectal exam (DRE)
surgical repair of the glans penis
balanoplasty
surgical removal of the testes
castration
surgical removal of the prepuce
circumcision
surgical removal of the epididymis
epididymectomy
surgical removal of a testis
orchidectomy
surgical fixation of undescended testes in the scrotum
orchidopexy
surgical removal of a testis
orchiectomy
cutting into the testes
orchiotomy
surgical repair of the testes
orchioplasty
surgical removal of the prostate gland
prostatectomy
process of rendering a male or female unable to conceive children
sterilization
removal of prostate tissue by inserting a device through the urethra
transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR, TURP)
removal of a segment or all of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from leaving the male body
vasectomy
reversal of a vasectomy by reconnecting the ends of the vas deferens
vasovasostomy
replacement of male hormones
androgen therapy
shrinks benign prostatic hyperplasia
antiprostatic agents
temporarily produces an erection
erectile dysfunction agents
destroys sperm
spermatocide
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
DRE
digital rectal exam
ED
erectile dysfuntion
GC
gonorrhea
GU
genitourinary
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
RPR
rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis)
SPP
suprapubic prostatectomy
STD
sexually transmitted disease
STI
sexually transmitted infection
TUR
transurethral resection
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
VD
venereal disease
