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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the amnion

A

amniotic

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2
Q

pertaining to the cervix

A

cervical

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3
Q

pertaining to the chorion

A

chorionic

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4
Q

pertaining to the embryo

A

embryonic

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5
Q

pertaining to the inner lining of the uterus

A

endometrial

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6
Q

pertaining to the fetus

A

fetal

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7
Q

pertaining to having fibers

A

fibrous

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8
Q

pertaining to milk

A

lactic

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9
Q

pertaining to a breast

A

mammary

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10
Q

pertaining to an ovary

A

ovarian

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11
Q

pertaining to the perineum

A

perineal

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12
Q

pertaining to the uterus

A

uterine

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13
Q

pertaining to the vagina

A

vaginal

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14
Q

pertaining to the vulva

A

vulvar

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15
Q

period of time before birth

A

antepartum

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16
Q

thin fluid first secreted by the breast after delivery; contains antibodies

A

colostrum

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17
Q

develop from two different ova fertilized by two different sperm

A

fraternal twins

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18
Q

develop from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum

A

identical twins

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19
Q

first bowel movement of the newborn

A

meconium

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20
Q

woman who has been pregnant two or more times

A

multigravida

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21
Q

woman who has given birth to a live infant two or more times

A

multipara

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22
Q

term for newborn baby

A

neonate

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23
Q

woman who has not been pregnant

A

nulligravida

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24
Q

woman who has not given birth to a live infant

A

nullipara

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25
Q

period of time just after birth

A

postpartum

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26
Q

woman who is pregnant for the first time

A

primigravida (GI or grav I)

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27
Q

woman who has given birth to a live infant once

A

primipara (PI or para I)

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28
Q

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system

A

gynecology

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29
Q

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns

A

neonatology

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30
Q

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth, and immediately after childbirth

A

obstetrics

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31
Q

condition of having no menstrual flow

A

amenorrhea

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32
Q

flow of amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures

A

amniorrhea

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33
Q

condition of having painful menstrual flow

A

dysmenorrhea

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34
Q

condition of having painful sexual intercourse

A

dyspareunia

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35
Q

difficult labor and childbirth

A

dystocia

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36
Q

presence of blood in the uterine tube

A

hematosalpinx

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37
Q

whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge

A

leukorrhea

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38
Q

breast pain

A

mastalgia

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39
Q

condition of having abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation time

A

menorrhagia

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40
Q

uterine bleeding between menstrual periods

A

metrorrhagia

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41
Q

discharge (such as pus or mucus) from the uterus

A

metrorrhea

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42
Q

condition of having light menstrual flow

A

oligomenorrhea

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43
Q

inflammation of an ovary

A

oophoritis

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44
Q

malignant tumor of the ovaries

A

ovarian carcinoma

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45
Q

cyst that develops in the ovary; may rupture causing pain and bleeding

A

ovarian cyst

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46
Q

presence of pus in a uterine tube

A

pyosalpinx

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47
Q

inflammation of a uterine tube

A

salpingitis

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48
Q

malignant tumor of the cervix

A

cervical cancer

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49
Q

inflammation occurring within the cervix

A

endocervicitis

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50
Q

malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus

A

endometrial cancer

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51
Q

inflammation of the lining of the uterus

A

endometritis

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52
Q

benign fibrous tumor in the uterus

A

fibroid tumor

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53
Q

rupture of the uterus

A

hysterorrhexis

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54
Q

excessive bleeding during and between menstrual periods

A

menometrorrhagia

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55
Q

group of symptoms appearing just prior to the menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, an anxiety

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

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56
Q

fallen uterus; may cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening

A

prolapsed uterus

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57
Q

yeast infection of mucous membranes lining the vagina

A

candidiasis

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58
Q

hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina

A

cystocele

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59
Q

protrusion of the rectum into the vagina

A

rectocele

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60
Q

staphylococcus infection occurring in menstruating women; associated with prolonged wear of super-absorbent tampons

A

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

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61
Q

inflammation of the vagina

A

vaginitis

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62
Q

the appearance of endometrial tissue throughout the pelvis or on the abdominal wall

A

endometriosis

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63
Q

bacterial infection that has spread through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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64
Q

inflammation of pelvic cavity around the outside of the uterus

A

perimetritis

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65
Q

malignant tumor of the breast tissue

A

breast cancer

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66
Q

appearance of fibrous tumors in breast tissue

A

fibrocystic breast disease

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67
Q

discharge of milk from breast other than normal lactation

A

lactorrhea

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68
Q

inflammation of a breast

A

mastitis

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69
Q

placenta tears away from the uterine wall prior to delivery of the baby

A

abruptio placentae

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70
Q

convulsions and coma occurring during late stages of pregnancy

A

eclampsia

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71
Q

occurs when a mother is RH- and her baby is Rh+; the mother’s antibodies cross the placenta and attack to baby’s blood

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

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72
Q

inability to produce children; no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for one year

A

infertility

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73
Q

formation of the placenta low in the uterus that blocks the opening to the birth canal

A

placenta previa

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74
Q

metabolic disease of pregnancy; may result in eclampsia; symptoms include hypertension, headaches, and edema; also called toxemia

A

preeclampsia

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75
Q

emergence of the umbilical cord from birth canal before the baby; the cord becomes pinched between baby’s head and vaginal wall, cutting off the baby’s blood supply

A

prolapsed umbilical cord

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76
Q

the body acts as if there is a pregnancy when there is no pregnancy; hormonal changes are common

A

pseudocyesis

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77
Q

pregnancy that occurs in the uterine tube instead of in the uterus

A

salpingocyesis

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78
Q

unplanned loss of pregnancy early in gestation; commonly called a miscarriage

A

spontaneous abortion

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79
Q

death of a fetus of viable age’; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery

A

stillbirth

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80
Q

examination of cervical tissue sample to determine whether HPV infection is responsible for cervical cancer

A

human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test

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81
Q

scraping of cervical cells is examined for early signs of cervical cancer

A

Pap (papanicolaou) smear

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82
Q

chemical test to determine a pregnancy during first few weeks

A

pregnancy test

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83
Q

x-ray of uterus and uterine tubes after injecting radiopaque material into the uterus and uterine tubes

A

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

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84
Q

x-ray record of the breast

A

mammogram

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85
Q

the process of recording the breast

A

mammography

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86
Q

use of high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of the pelvic organs or a fetus

A

pelvic ultrasonography

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87
Q

instrument used to visually examine the vagina

A

colposcope

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88
Q

visual examination of the vagina

A

colposcopy

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89
Q

visual examination of pelvic cavity behind the uterus using a culdoscope introduced through an incision in the vaginal wall

A

culdoscopy

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90
Q

instrument to examine inside the abdominopelvic cavity

A

laparoscope

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91
Q

visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity and organs

A

laparoscopy

92
Q

puncture of the amniotic sac with a needle and syringe to remove fluid for testing; helps determine fetal maturity, development, and genetic disorders

A

amniocentesis

93
Q

evaluates newborn’s adjustment to outside environment; observe color, heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, and response to stimulus

A

Apgar score

94
Q

removal of a small piece of chorion for genetic analysis

A

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

95
Q

electronic equipment on mother’s abdomen or fetus’s scalp to check heart rate during labor and delivery

A

fetal monitoring

96
Q

removing a piece of cervical tissue to examine for cancer

A

cervical biopsy

97
Q

removing a sample of endometrial tissue to examine for cancer

A

endometrial biopsy (EMB)

98
Q

physical exam of vagina and adjacent organs; a speculum is used to open the vagina

A

pelvic examination

99
Q

prevents sperm from meeting and ovum; condom, diaphragms

A

barrier contraception

100
Q

using hormones to block ovulation; no ovum is released for fertilization; pills, patch, implant

A

hormonal contraception

101
Q

device inserted into uterus to prevent pregnancy from establishing

A

intrauterine device (IUD)

102
Q

cutting into the amnion

A

amniotomy

103
Q

surgical removal of cervix

A

cervicectomy

104
Q

surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision

A

cesarean section (CS, C-section)

105
Q

removal of a core of cervical tissue

A

conization

106
Q

dilation of cervix and scraping away of endometrial lining

A

dilation and curettage (D&C)

107
Q

legal termination of a pregnancy for non-medical reasons

A

elective abortion

108
Q

suture of the perineum following tearing or episiotomy during birth

A

episiorrhaphy

109
Q

incision into the perineum to widen the birth canal during delivery

A

episiotomy

110
Q

surgical removal of the hymen

A

hymenectomy

111
Q

surgical removal of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

112
Q

surgical fixation of the uterus

A

hysteropexy

113
Q

cutting in to the abdominal cavity

A

laparotomy

114
Q

removal of breast lump and tissue immediately surrounding it

A

lumpectomy

115
Q

surgical repair of the breast

A

mammoplasty

116
Q

surgical removal of and ovary

A

oophorectomy

117
Q

removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

A

radical mastectomy

118
Q

surgical removal of a uterine tube

A

salpingectomy

119
Q

removal of breast tissue only

A

simple mastectomy

120
Q

termination of a pregnancy for the health of the mother or another medial reason

A

therapeutic abortion

121
Q

removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both uterine tube, and both ovaries

A

total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)

122
Q

surgical tying off of uterine tubes to prevent conception

A

tubal ligation

123
Q

removal of the uterus through vagina rather than an abdominal incision

A

vaginal hysterectomy

124
Q

terminates a pregnancy

A

abortifacient

125
Q

triggers ovulation

A

fertility drug

126
Q

replacement estrogen after menopause or loss of the ovaries

A

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

127
Q

prevents conception by blocking ovulation

A

oral contraceptive pills

128
Q

improves uterine contractions during labor and delivery

A

oxytocin

129
Q

AB

A

abortion

130
Q

AI

A

artificial insemination

131
Q

BSE

A

breast self-examinatino

132
Q

CS, C-section

A

cesarean section

133
Q

CVS

A

chorionic villus sampling

134
Q

Cx

A

cervix

135
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage

136
Q

EDD

A

estimated date of delivery

137
Q

EMB

A

endometrial biopsy

138
Q

ERT

A

estrogen replacement therapy

139
Q

FEKG

A

fetal electrocardiogram

140
Q

FHR

A

fetal heart rate

141
Q

FHT

A

fetal heart tone

142
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

143
Q

FTND

A

full-term normal delivery

144
Q

GI, grav I

A

first pregnancy

145
Q

GYN, gyn

A

gynecology

146
Q

HCG, hCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

147
Q

HDN

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

148
Q

HPV

A

human papilloma virus

149
Q

HRT

A

hormon replacement therapy

150
Q

HSG

A

hysterosalpingography

151
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

152
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

153
Q

LBW

A

low birth weight

154
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

155
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

156
Q

NB

A

newborn

157
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

158
Q

OCPs

A

oral contraceptive pills

159
Q

Pap

A

papanicolaou test

160
Q

PI, para I

A

first delivery

161
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

162
Q

PIH

A

pregnancy-induced

163
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

164
Q

TAH-BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

165
Q

TSS

A

toxic shock syndrome

166
Q

UC

A

uterine contraction

167
Q

absence of testes

A

anorchism

168
Q

failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum before birth

A

cryptorchidism

169
Q

accumulation of fluid around the testes or along the spermatic cord

A

hydrocele

170
Q

inflammation of one or both testes

A

orchitis

171
Q

inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis

A

sterility

172
Q

malignant tumor of the testes

A

testicular carcinoma

173
Q

twisting of the spermatic cord

A

testicular torsion

174
Q

enlargement of veins in the spermatic cord; most common in the left side of adolescent males

A

varicocele

175
Q

inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

176
Q

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland; common in older men

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

177
Q

malignant tumor of the prostate gland

A

prostate cancer

178
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

179
Q

inflammation of the glans penis

A

balanitis

180
Q

congenital condition; opening of the urethra is on the dorsal surface of the penis

A

epispadias

181
Q

inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to inability to maintain an erection

A

erectile dysfunction (ED)

182
Q

congenital condition; opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis

A

hypospadias

183
Q

narrowing of prepuce; constricts the glans penis

A

phimosis

184
Q

persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation

A

priapism

185
Q

highly infectious nonsyphilitic venereal ulcer

A

chancroid

186
Q

bacterial genital infection in males and females

A

chlamydia

187
Q

viral infection that appears like blisters

A

genital herpes

188
Q

warts on the genitalia of both males and females; caused by a virus

A

genital warts

189
Q

bacterial infection of mucous membranes

A

gonorrhea (GC)

190
Q

sexually transmitted virus that attacks the immune system

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

191
Q

disease acquired as a result of sexual intercourse; also called venereal disease (VD) or sexually transmitted infection (STI)

A

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

192
Q

chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple organs and is fatal when untreated

A

syphilis

193
Q

genitourinary infection caused by a protist in both males and females

A

trichomoniasis

194
Q

blood test to screen for prostate cancer

A

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

195
Q

part of fertility workup; sperm are analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape

A

semen analysis

196
Q

manual examination for enlarged prostate

A

digital rectal exam (DRE)

197
Q

surgical repair of the glans penis

A

balanoplasty

198
Q

surgical removal of the testes

A

castration

199
Q

surgical removal of the prepuce

A

circumcision

200
Q

surgical removal of the epididymis

A

epididymectomy

201
Q

surgical removal of a testis

A

orchidectomy

202
Q

surgical fixation of undescended testes in the scrotum

A

orchidopexy

203
Q

surgical removal of a testis

A

orchiectomy

204
Q

cutting into the testes

A

orchiotomy

205
Q

surgical repair of the testes

A

orchioplasty

206
Q

surgical removal of the prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

207
Q

process of rendering a male or female unable to conceive children

A

sterilization

208
Q

removal of prostate tissue by inserting a device through the urethra

A

transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR, TURP)

209
Q

removal of a segment or all of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from leaving the male body

A

vasectomy

210
Q

reversal of a vasectomy by reconnecting the ends of the vas deferens

A

vasovasostomy

211
Q

replacement of male hormones

A

androgen therapy

212
Q

shrinks benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

antiprostatic agents

213
Q

temporarily produces an erection

A

erectile dysfunction agents

214
Q

destroys sperm

A

spermatocide

215
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

216
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam

217
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfuntion

218
Q

GC

A

gonorrhea

219
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

220
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

221
Q

RPR

A

rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis)

222
Q

SPP

A

suprapubic prostatectomy

223
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

224
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

225
Q

TUR

A

transurethral resection

226
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

227
Q

VD

A

venereal disease

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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