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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Concepts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are all of the glands

A

adrenal, ovaries, testes, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal, pituitary, thymus, thyroid

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2
Q

What are the two types of glands

A

exocrine, endocrine

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3
Q

what do exocrine glands do

A

release secretions into a duct

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4
Q

what do endocrine glands do

A

release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

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5
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

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6
Q

what is aldosterone

A

a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and potassium

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7
Q

what is cortisol

A

a glucocorticoid that regulates carbohydrates

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8
Q

what are androgens

A

steroid sex hormones that regulate secondary sex characteristics

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9
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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10
Q

what do epinephrine and norepinephrine do

A

increase blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration levels so the body can perform well under stress

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11
Q

what hormones do the ovaries secrete

A

estrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

what is estrogen responsible for

A

secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation

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13
Q

what does progesterone do

A

helps maintain a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy

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14
Q

what does the pancreas do as an exocrine gland

A

releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum via a duct

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15
Q

what does the pancreas do as an endocrine gland

A

releases insulin to take in glucose and lower blood sugar levels; release glucagon to release glucose and raise blood sugar levels

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16
Q

what do the parathyroid glands release

A

PTH

17
Q

what does PTH do

A

regulate the level of blood calcium

18
Q

what happens when blood calcium falls too low

A

PTH increases and stimulates bone breakdown

19
Q

What does the pineal gland do

A

secrete melatonin

20
Q

What is the pituitary gland often referred to as

A

the master gland

21
Q

what does the anterior pituitary gland secrete

A

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte hormone

22
Q

what does the growth hormone do

A

stimulate cells to grow and divide rapidly

23
Q

what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do

A

regulate thyroid function

24
Q

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do

A

regulate the adrenal cortex

25
Q

what does prolactin do

A

stimulate milk production following childbirth

26
Q

what does follicle stimulating hormone do

A

responsible for sex cell development in both genders and estrogen secretion in female

27
Q

what does luteinizing hormone do

A

stimulates secretion of sex hormones in both genders and ova release in females

28
Q

what does melanocyte stimulating hormone do

A

prompts melanocytes to produce more melanin

29
Q

what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete

A

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

30
Q

what does antidiuretic hormone do

A

promotes water reabsorption by the kidney tubules

31
Q

what does oxytocin do

A

stimulates uterine contraction during labor and delivery and release of milk after childbirth

32
Q

where is the thymus

A

the mediastinum, anterior and superior to the heart

33
Q

what does the thymus gland do as part of the endocrine system

A

secretes thymosin which aids immune development

34
Q

what does the thymus gland do in the immune system

A

it is essential to the development of newborn immunity

35
Q

what does the thyroid secrete

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin

36
Q

what do T3 and T4 do

A

regulate energy and heat production

37
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

regulates deposition of bone and is the opposite of PTH, it is a response to high levels of blood calcium

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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