Chapter 11 Concepts Flashcards
What are all of the glands
adrenal, ovaries, testes, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal, pituitary, thymus, thyroid
What are the two types of glands
exocrine, endocrine
what do exocrine glands do
release secretions into a duct
what do endocrine glands do
release their hormones directly into the bloodstream
What are the two parts of the adrenal gland
adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
what is aldosterone
a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and potassium
what is cortisol
a glucocorticoid that regulates carbohydrates
what are androgens
steroid sex hormones that regulate secondary sex characteristics
what does the adrenal medulla secrete
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what do epinephrine and norepinephrine do
increase blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration levels so the body can perform well under stress
what hormones do the ovaries secrete
estrogen and progesterone
what is estrogen responsible for
secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation
what does progesterone do
helps maintain a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy
what does the pancreas do as an exocrine gland
releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum via a duct
what does the pancreas do as an endocrine gland
releases insulin to take in glucose and lower blood sugar levels; release glucagon to release glucose and raise blood sugar levels
what do the parathyroid glands release
PTH
what does PTH do
regulate the level of blood calcium
what happens when blood calcium falls too low
PTH increases and stimulates bone breakdown
What does the pineal gland do
secrete melatonin
What is the pituitary gland often referred to as
the master gland
what does the anterior pituitary gland secrete
growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte hormone
what does the growth hormone do
stimulate cells to grow and divide rapidly
what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do
regulate thyroid function
what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do
regulate the adrenal cortex
what does prolactin do
stimulate milk production following childbirth
what does follicle stimulating hormone do
responsible for sex cell development in both genders and estrogen secretion in female
what does luteinizing hormone do
stimulates secretion of sex hormones in both genders and ova release in females
what does melanocyte stimulating hormone do
prompts melanocytes to produce more melanin
what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete
antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin
what does antidiuretic hormone do
promotes water reabsorption by the kidney tubules
what does oxytocin do
stimulates uterine contraction during labor and delivery and release of milk after childbirth
where is the thymus
the mediastinum, anterior and superior to the heart
what does the thymus gland do as part of the endocrine system
secretes thymosin which aids immune development
what does the thymus gland do in the immune system
it is essential to the development of newborn immunity
what does the thyroid secrete
thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin
what do T3 and T4 do
regulate energy and heat production
what does calcitonin do
regulates deposition of bone and is the opposite of PTH, it is a response to high levels of blood calcium
