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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the adrenal glands

A

adrenal

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2
Q

pertaining to the ovary

A

ovarian

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3
Q

pertaining to the pancreas

A

pancreatic

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4
Q

pertaining to the parathyroid glands

A

parathyroidal

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5
Q

pertaining to the pineal gland

A

pineal

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6
Q

pertaining to the pituitary gland

A

pituitary

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7
Q

pertaining to the testes

A

testicular

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8
Q

pertaining to the thymus gland

A

thymic

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9
Q

pertaining to the thyroid gland

A

thyroidal

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10
Q

branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and disease of endocrine glands

A

endocrinology

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11
Q

enlarged adrenal glands

A

adrenomegaly

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12
Q

general term for adrenal disease

A

adrenopathy

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13
Q

excessive fluid in body tissues

A

edema

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14
Q

general term for disease involving the endocrine system

A

endocrinopathy

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15
Q

protruding eyeballs, a sign of excessive thyroid hormone

A

exophthalmos

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16
Q

sugar in the urine

A

glycosuria

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17
Q

development of breast tissue in males

A

gynecomastia

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18
Q

excessive amount of hair; a sign of hormone imbalance

A

hirsutism

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19
Q

excessive calcium in the blood; a sign of hypersecretion of PTH

A

hypercalcemia

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20
Q

excessive sugar in the blood; a sign of diabetes mellitus

A

hyperglycemia

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21
Q

excessive potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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22
Q

excessive hormone production by endocrine gland

A

hypersecretion

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23
Q

insufficient calcium in the blood; a sign of insufficient parathyroid hormone

A

hypocalcemia

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24
Q

insufficient sugar in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

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25
Q

insufficient sodium in the blood

A

hyponatremia

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26
Q

insufficient hormone production by endocrine gland

A

hyposecretion

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27
Q

having and abnormal amount of body fat

A

obesity

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28
Q

excessive feeling of thirst

A

polydipsia

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29
Q

producing an excessive amount of urine

A

polyuria

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30
Q

group of symptoms and signs that combine to present a clinical picture of disease or condition

A

syndrome

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31
Q

enlarged thyroid gland

A

thyromegaly

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32
Q

hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones; symptoms include increased pigmentation, generalized weakness, and weight loss

A

Addison’s disease

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33
Q

development of female secondary sex characteristics in males; often the result of increase estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex

A

adrenal feminization

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34
Q

development of male secondary sex characteristics in females; often the result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex

A

adrenal virilism

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35
Q

inflammation of adrenal glands

A

adrenalitis

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36
Q

set of symptoms caused by excessive cortisol levels; presents with weakness, edmea, excessive hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis

A

cushing’s syndrome

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37
Q

usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine; leads to anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, and headache

A

pheochromocytoma

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38
Q

a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria; there are two distinct forms– insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM, type 2)

A

diabetes mellitus (DM)

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39
Q

pancreas stops insulin production; occurs early in life; patient must take daily insulin injections

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1)

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40
Q

pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin and cells fail to respond; occurs later in life; patient take oral hypoglycemics and may eventually need insulin injections

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2)

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41
Q

damage to the blood vessels of the retina secondary to diabetes mellitus

A

diabetic retinopathy

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42
Q

tumor of the islets of langerhans; causes excessive insulin secretion

A

insulinoma

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43
Q

excess of acidic ketone bodies; serious complication of diabetes mellitus

A

ketoacidosis

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44
Q

damage to nerves in lower legs and hands secondary to diabetes mellitus

A

peripheral neuropathy

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45
Q

hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone; results in high blood calcium levels

A

hyperparathyroidism

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46
Q

hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone; results in low blood calcium levels

A

hypoparathyroidism

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47
Q

degeneration of bones due to hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone

A

Recklinghausen disease

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48
Q

nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps due to hypocalcemia

A

tetany

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49
Q

chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults; causes enlargement of bones of the head and extremities

A

acromegaly

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50
Q

hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia

A

diabetes insipidus (DI)

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51
Q

hyposecretion of growth hormone in children; causes short stature

A

dwarfism

52
Q

hypersecretion of growth hormone in adolescent; results in very tall stature

A

gigantism

53
Q

hypersecretion of one or more pituitary hormones

A

hyperpituitarism

54
Q

hyposecretion of one or more pituitary hormones

A

hypopituitarism

55
Q

hyposecretion of all pituitary hormones; causes problems with the glands controlled by the pituitary gland

A

panhypopituitarism

56
Q

inflammation of the thymus gland

A

thymitis

57
Q

tumor in the thymus gland

A

thymoma

58
Q

congenital condition in which a lack of thyroid hormones causes arrested physical and mental development

A

congenital hypothyroidism

59
Q

enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

60
Q

overactive thyroid; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter

A

Graves’ disease

61
Q

autoimmune destruction of the thyroid; results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

62
Q

hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

63
Q

hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

A

hypothyroidism

64
Q

hyposecretion of the thyroid in an adult; symptoms include swollen facial feature, edema, anemia, and drowsiness

A

myxedema

65
Q

markes hypersecretion of the thyroid gland; symptoms include rapid heart rate, tremors, thyromegaly, and weight loss

A

thyrotoxicosis

66
Q

cancerous tumor in a gland that produces hormones; may cause hypersecretion pathologies

A

adenocarcinoma

67
Q

measures blood levels of substances like calcium, glucose, and hormones

A

blood serum test

68
Q

measures glucose in the bloodstream after a 12-hour fast

A

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

69
Q

measures blood sugar level over several hours after person is given a large dose of glucose

A

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

70
Q

measures T4 blood level; iodine in the hormone becomes bound to blood proteins

A

protein-bound iodine test (PBI)

71
Q

measures levels of hormones in blood using radioactively tagged hormones

A

radioimmunoassay (RIA)

72
Q

measures levels of T3, T4, and TSH in blood

A

thyroid function test (TFT)

73
Q

measures calcium in the blood; used to diagnose parathyroid of bone disorders

A

total calcium

74
Q

evaluates glucose metabolism; patient eats a high-carbohydrate diet then fasts overnight, after which a blood sample is taken two hours after a meal

A

two-hour postprandial glucose tolerance test

75
Q

ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland

A

thyroid echography

76
Q

nuclear medicine imaging test based on accumulation of radioactive iodine in thyroid gland

A

thyroid scan

77
Q

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

A

adrenalectomy

78
Q

large dose of radioactive iodine given to kill thyroid gland cells without surgery

A

chemical thyroidectomy

79
Q

instrument used to measure the amount of glucose in the bloodstream

A

glucometer

80
Q

artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders

A

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

81
Q

removal of the adrenal gland through a small abdominal incision using endoscopic instruments

A

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

82
Q

removal of a lobe of a gland

A

lobectomy

83
Q

surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands

A

parathyroidectomy

84
Q

surgical removal of the pineal gland

A

pinealectomy

85
Q

surgical removal of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

86
Q

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

A

thyroidectomy

87
Q

block production of thyroid hormones

A

antithyroid agents

88
Q

insert water channels in the nephron to treat hyponatremia

A

aquaretics

89
Q

replaces adrenal cortex hormones; also used as an anti-inflammatory

A

corticosteroids

90
Q

replacement of human growth hormone

A

human growth hormone therapy

91
Q

replaces insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

insulin

92
Q

decreases blood sugar in type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

oral hypoglycemic agents

93
Q

replaces thyroid hormones

A

thyroid replacement hormone

94
Q

a

A

alpha

95
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

96
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

97
Q

B

A

beta

98
Q

BMR

A

basal metabolic rate

99
Q

cap(s)

A

capsule(s)

100
Q

CT

A

calcitonin

101
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

102
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

103
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

104
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

105
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

106
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

107
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

108
Q

IDDM

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

109
Q

inj

A

injection

110
Q

K+

A

potassium

111
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

112
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

113
Q

Na+

A

sodium

114
Q

NIDDM

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

115
Q

NPH

A

neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)

116
Q

od

A

overdose

117
Q

PBI

A

protein-bound iodine

118
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

119
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

120
Q

RAI

A

radioactive iodine

121
Q

RIA

A

radioimmunoassay

122
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

123
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

124
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

125
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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