Ch. 7 Terms Flashcards
pertaining to the alveoli
alveolar
pertaining to the bronchus
bronchial
pertaining to a bronchiole
bronchiolar
pertaining to the diaphragm
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the epiglottis
epiglottic
pertaining to the larynx
laryngeal
pertaining to a lobe of the lung
lobar
pertaining to mucus
mucous
pertaining to the nose
nasal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to beside the nose
paranasal
pertaining to the pharynx
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pleura
pleural
pertaining to a lung
pulmonary
pertaining to the nasal septum
septal
pertaining to the chest
thoracis
pertaining to the trachea
tracheal
branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of disease and conditions of internal organs, including the respiratory system
internal medicine
branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat;
otorhinolaryngology
branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system
pulmonology
allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders
respiratory therapy
branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and disease of the respiratory system by surgical means
thoracic surgery
lack of the sense of smell
anosmia
inability to obtain oxygen from inhaled aire
anoxia
inability to produce sound
aphonia
not breathing
apnea
lack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death
asphyxia
withdrawing fluid using suction; also, inhaling food or liquid into the trachea
aspiration
breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate
bradypnea
dilated bronchi
bronchiectasis
involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls
bronchospasm
abnormal breathing pattern with long periods of apnea followed by deep and rapid breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
abnormal widening and thickening of fingers and toes due to chronic oxygen deficiency
clubbing
abnormal crackling sound during inspiration; indicates fluid of mucus in airways; also called rales
crackls
blue skin caused by low oxygen in blood
cyanosis
difficulty producing sound of producing abnormal sound
dysphonia
difficult or labored breathing
dyspnea
a nosebleed
epistaxis
normal breathing and respiratory rate
eupnea
coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum
hemoptysis
the presence of blood in the chest cavity
hemothorax
excessive carbon dioxide in the body
hypercapnia
taking deep breaths
hyperpnea
breathing to fast and too deep
hyperventilation
insufficient levels of carbon dioxide in the body
hypocapnia
taking shallow breaths
hypopnea
breath too slow and too shallow
hypoventilation
having insufficient oxygen in the bloodstream
hypoxemia
receiving and insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air
hypoxia
paralysis of the muscles controlling the larynx
laryngoplegia
difficulty breathing, made worse by lying flat; patient breathes better sitting up
orthopnea
inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
pansinusitis
open or unblocked
patent
thick mucus secreted by the respiratory membranes
phlegm
grating sound made when the layers of the pleura rub together during respiration
pleural rub
pleural pain
pleurodynia
presence of pus in the chest cavity; indicative of bacterial infection
pyothorax
inflammation of the nasal cavity
rhinitis
rapid flow of blood from the nose
rhinorrhagia
fluid discharge from the nose; runny nose
rhinorrhea
musical sound during expiration; caused by bronchial tube spasms
rhonchi
indicates that a patient is having difficult breathing; also called dyspnea
shortness of breath
phlegm coughed up from respiratory tract
sputum
harsh, high-pitched breath sound; indicates obstruction in the airway
stridor
breathing fast; high respiratory rate
tachypnea
chest pain; not angina pectoris
thoracalgia
narrowing of the trachea
tracheostenosis
acute respiratory condition in children; characterized by barking type of cough
croup
bacterial infection characterized by formation of thick membranous film across throat and high mortality rate
diphtheria
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx; usually called the common cold
nasopharyngitis
bacterial infection of upper respiratory system; characterized by whooping cough
pertussis
inflammation of the pharynx; commonly called a sore throat
pharyngitis
fungal infection of the nasal cavity
rhinomycosis
difficulty caused by bronchospasms, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing
asthma
enlarged bronchi, often due to infection; can cause destruction of bronchial wall
bronchiectasis
inflammation of a bronchus
bronchitis
cancerous tumor originating in bronchi
bronchogenic carcinoma
acute respiratory failure; characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia
adult respiratory distress syndrome
type of pneumoconiosis; collection of coal dust in the lungs; also called black lung or miner’s lung
anthracosis
type pneumoconiosis; collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs
asbestosis
condition in which alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse; prevents gas exchange in the lung
atelectasis
progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions; lungs have decreased capacity to function
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
genetic condition; produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion in the lungs and digestive tract
cystic fibrosis
chronic lung condition characterized by destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
fungal infection of the lungs
histoplasmosis
most common in premature infants; characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting; sometimes called hyaline membrane disease
infant respiratory distress syndrome
viral infection of the respiratory system
influenza
severe bacterial infection causing pneumonia and liver and kidney damage
Legionnaires’ disease
life-threatening viral respiratory illness; symptoms include fever, cough, and SOB
Middle East respiratory syndrome
less severe but longer lasting form of bacterial pneumonia; also called walking pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
accumulation of foreign particles, such as coal dust, in the lungs
pneumoconiosis
inflammatory condition of the lungs; results in alveoli and air spaces filling with fluid
pneumonia
accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in the lung tissues
pulmonary edema
obstruction of the pulmonary artery by a floating blood clot; causes infarct of lung tissue
pulmonary embolism
formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lung; leads to reduced ability to expand lungs
pulmonary fibrosis
acute viral respiratory infection; begins like the flu but quickly progresses; has very high mortality rate in people over 65
severe acute respiratory syndrome
type of pneumoconiosis; accumulation of silica dust in the lungs
silicosis
breathing spots repeatedly during sleep; causes a drop in oxygen levels
sleep apnea
unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant; child stops breathing for unknown reasons
sudden infant death syndrome
bacterial lung infection; results in inflammation and calcification of the lungs; incidence is on the rise and the condition is common in immunocompromised patients
tuberculosis
accumulation of pus in the pleural space; also called pyothorax
empyema
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity; prevents the lungs from fully expanding
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pleura; characterized by sharp pain with each breath
pleurisy
collection of air in the pleural cavity; may result in a collapsed lung
pneumothorax
test of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
arterial blood gases
culture of sputum for bacterial growth; if bacteria are present, the test helps determine the best antibiotic to use
sputum culture and sensitivity
examination of sputum for malignant cells
sputum cytology
x-ray record of the bronchus
bronchogram
x-ray of the lung after inhalation of radiopaque substance
bronchography
x-ray of the organs of the thoracic cavity
chest x-ray
x-ray of the lungs after injection of a dye into a blood vessel
pulmonary angiography
nuclear medicine test; radioactive air is inhaled and radioactive dye in injected for perfusion portion to help detect pulmonary emboli
ventilation-perfusion scan
instrument used to visually examine the bronchial tubes
bronchoscope
visual examination of bronchial tubes using a bronchoschope
bronchoscopy
instrument used to visually examine the larynx
laryngoscope
visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope
laryngoscopy
instrument used to measure the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream
oximeter
procedure for measuring oxygen level in blood; uses and oximeter
oximetry
a group of tests to measure air flow in and out of the lungs, lung, volumes, and gas exchange
pulmonary function test
instrument used to measure lung capacity
spirometer
procedure for measuring lung capacity using a spirometer
spirometry
monitoring a sleeping patient to identify sleep apnea
polysomnography
test for cystic fibrosis; CF causes a large amount of salt in the sweat
sweat test
introducing purified protein derivative under the skin; determines if a person has been exposed to TB
tuberculin skin test
medication suspended in a mist and inhaled; delivered by a nebulizer or metered dose inhaler
aerosol therapy
machine that supplies constant, steady air pressure through mask to keep the airway continuously open
continuous positive airway pressure
placement of a tube through the mouth and into the trachea to keep the airways open
endotracheal intubation
method for assisting patients in breathing with a machine that produces an increase in positive thoracic pressure
intermittent positive pressure breathing
two-pronged plastic device to deliver oxygen into the nose
nasal cannula
drainage of bronchial secretions by placing a patient in positions that use gravity to promote drainage; cystic fibrosis treatment
postural drainage
providing additional oxygen concentration to improve oxygen levels in bloodstream
supplemental oxygen therapy
machine that provides artificial ventilation for a patient unable to breath alone
ventilator
surgical repair of a bonchus
bronchoplasty
surgical removal of the larynx
laryngectomy
surgical repair of the larynx
laryngoplasty
surgical removal of a lung lobe
lobectomy
surgical removal of the pleura
pleurectomy
withdrawal of fluid from the pleural space
pleurocentesis
surgical removal of an entire lung
pneumonectomy
surgical repair of the nose
rhinoplasty
surgical puncture of chest wall to remove fluids; also called thoracocentesis
thoracentesis
insertion of tube into chest to drain off fluid or air
thoracostomy
incision into the chest cavity
thoracotomy
emergency procedure to create an opening directly into trachea so the person can breathe easier; also called tracheostomy
tracheotomy
emergency treatment given to persons when respirations and the heart stop
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
technique for removing a foreign body obstructing trachea or pharynx by exerting pressure on the diaphragm
Heimlich maneuver
using the finger to tap on a surface to determine condition beneath surface
percussion
action that occurs in the body when a drug is allowed to accumulate or stay in the body
cumulative action
prevention of a disease; antibiotics can be given prophylactically to prevent infection
prophylaxis
kills bacteria
antibiotic
blocks effects of histamine released during an allergy attack
antihistamine
relieves urge to cough
antitussive
relaxes bronchospasms; treats asthma
bronchodilator
reduces inflammation of respiratory tract
corticosteroids
reduces congestion in respiratory system
decongestant
improves ability to cough up mucus
expectorant
liquefies mucus so it is easier to cough up
mucolytic
ABGs
aterial blood gases
ad lib
as desired
ARDS
adults respiratory distress sydnrome
Bronch
bronchoscopy
CF
cystic fibrosis
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
C&S
culture and sensitivity
CTA
clear to auscultation
CXR
chest xray
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
ENT
ear noth and throat
ERV
expiratory reserve volume
flu
influenza
FRC
functional residual capacity
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
IC
inspiratory capacity
IPPB
intermittent positive pressure breathing
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
LLL
left lower lobe
LUL
left upper loabe
MDI
metered dose inhaler
MERS
middle east respiratory syndrome
O2
oxygen
PE
pulmonary embolism
per
with
PFT
pulmonary function test
po
by mouth
PPD
purified protein derivative
prn
as needed
R
respiration
RA
room air
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
RLL
right lower lobe
RML
right middle lobe
RRT
registered respiratory therapist
RUL
right upper lobe
RV
residual volume
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
TLC
total lung capacity
TPR
temperature, pulse, respiration
TV
tidal volume
URI
upper respiratory infection
VC
vital capacity
VS
vital signs
