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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Concepts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A

distribute blood to all areas of body, deliver needed substances to cells, remove waste from cells

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2
Q

What are the organs of the cardiovascular system?

A

heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins

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3
Q

Blood delivers ____ and ____ to the cells

A

oxygen; nutrients

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4
Q

Blood delivers waste to the ____, _____, and ______ for elimination

A

lungs; liver; kidneys

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5
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

carries blood from heart to the body and from the body to the heart

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6
Q

what is pulmonary circulation

A

carries blood from heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart

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7
Q

The heart has ___ chambers

A

4

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8
Q

It averages ____-____ bpms, or about _____ beats per day

A

60-100; 100,000

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9
Q

The heart is located in the _____

A

mediastinum

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the heart (Outer to Inner)

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

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11
Q

Functions of the Epicardium

A

Forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac, reduces friction as the heart beats

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12
Q

functions of the myocardium

A

develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels

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13
Q

functions of the endocardium

A

thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through heart chambers

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14
Q

The two upper chambers are called ___, while the two lower chambers are called ____, and are separated by the ____

A

atria; ventricles; septum

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15
Q

Blood enters the ____ through ____

A

atria; veins

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16
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the _____ via ______

A

right atria; vena cavae

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17
Q

oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the ______ via ______

A

left atria; pulmonary veins

18
Q

True or False: the ventricles are the pumping chambers of the heart

A

true

19
Q

blood exits the ventricles through ____

A

arteries

20
Q

________ exits the _____ and moves to the lungs via the ________

A

deoxygenated blood; right ventricle; pulmonary artery

21
Q

______ exits the ______ and moves to the body via the _____

A

oxygenated blood; left ventricle; aorta

22
Q

What are the four valves

A

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

23
Q

The _______ valve control the opening between the right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid

24
Q

The _____ valve controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary

25
Q

The ____ valve controls the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

mitral

26
Q

The ____ valve controls the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aoritc

27
Q

What path does the deoxygenated blood flow in the heart? (deoxygenated blood)

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs

28
Q

what path does the oxygenated blood flow in the heart?

A

lungs, four pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, body

29
Q

the relaxation phase is _____ and the contraction phase is _____

A

diastole; systole

30
Q

The ____ ____ begins the electrical impulse and cause the ____ to contract

A

sinoatrial node; atria

31
Q

The _____ ____ transfers stimulation to the atrioventricular bundle

A

atrioventricular node

32
Q

what are the three types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, veins

33
Q

The ____ is the channel within the blood vessels

A

lumen

34
Q

arteries carry blood ____ from the heart

A

away

35
Q

arteries become _____ when they get smaller

A

arterioles

36
Q

Capillaries connect _____ and ____

A

arteries; veins

37
Q

Capillaries are the location of ____

A

diffusion

38
Q

veins carry blood ____ the heart

A

toward

39
Q

What does blood pressure measure

A

the force exerted by blood against vessel walls

40
Q

True or false: blood is under a lot of pressure during systole and under little pressure during diastole

A

true

41
Q

What can affect blood pressure

A

elasticity of arteries, diameter of blood vessels, viscosity of the blood, amount of resistance to blood flow

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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