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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the conjunctiva

A

conjunctival

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2
Q

pertaining to the cornea

A

corneal

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3
Q

pertaining to being outside the eyeball

A

extraocular

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4
Q

pertaining to within the eye

A

intraocular

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5
Q

pertaining to the iris

A

iridal

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6
Q

pertaining to tears

A

lacrimal

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7
Q

pertaining to the macula lutea

A

macular

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8
Q

pertaining to the eye

A

ocular, ophthalmic

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9
Q

pertaining to the eye or vision

A

optic, optical

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10
Q

pertaining to the pupil

A

pupillary

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11
Q

pertaining to the retina

A

retinal

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12
Q

pertaining to the sclera

A

scleral

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13
Q

pertaining to the choroid layer of the eye

A

uveal

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14
Q

branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye and surrounding structures

A

ophthalmology

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15
Q

vision specialist who is training in grinding and fitting corrective lenses

A

optician

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16
Q

doctor of optometry

A

optometrist

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17
Q

medical profession specializing in examining the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses

A

optometry

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18
Q

drooping eyelid

A

blepharoptosis

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19
Q

paralysis of the ciliary body

A

cycloplegia

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20
Q

double vision

A

diploplegia

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21
Q

state of normal vision

A

emmetropia

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22
Q

paralysis of the iris

A

iridoplegia

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23
Q

difficulty seeing in dim light; night blindness

A

nyctalopia

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24
Q

eye pain

A

ophthalmalgia

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25
Q

paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles

A

ophthalmoplegia

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26
Q

bleeding from the eye

A

opthalmorrhagia

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27
Q

swelling of the optic disk; also called choked disk

A

papilledema

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28
Q

strong sensitivity to bright light

A

photophobia

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29
Q

expected changes in vision due to normal aging

A

presbyopia

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30
Q

softening of the sclera

A

scleromalacia

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31
Q

condition of dry eyes

A

xerophthalmia

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32
Q

severe congenital deficiency in color vision; complete color blindness

A

achromatopsia

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33
Q

loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; commonly called lazy eye

A

amblyopia

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34
Q

condition in which light rays are focused unevenly on the retina due to abnormal curvature of the cornea

A

astigmatism

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35
Q

development of an opaque or cloudy lens, resulting in diminished vision

A

cataract

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36
Q

scraping injury to the cornea

A

corneal abrasion

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37
Q

increase in intraocular pressure; can result in atrophy of the optic nerve and blindness

A

glaucoma

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38
Q

condition in which a person can see things in the distance but has trouble reading material at close range; also called farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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39
Q

inflammation of the iris

A

iritis

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40
Q

inflammation of the cornea

A

keratitis

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41
Q

severely impaired vision; visual acuity of 20/200 that cannot be improved with corrected lenses or a visual field of less than 20 degrees

A

legally blind

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42
Q

deterioration of the macular area of the retina

A

macular degeneration

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43
Q

condition in which a person can see clearly up close but not at a distance; also called nearsightedness

A

myopia

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44
Q

fungus infection of the eye

A

oculomycosis

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45
Q

separation of the retina from the choroid layer; this damages blood vessels and nerves and may cause blindness

A

retinal detachment

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46
Q

progressive disease in which the retina becomes hard, pigmented, and atrophied

A

retinitis pigmentosa

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47
Q

malignant eye tumor occurring in children

A

retinoblastoma

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48
Q

general term for disease affecting the retina; often related to diabetes and/or high blood pressure

A

retinopathy

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49
Q

inflammation of the sclera

A

scleritis

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50
Q

inflammation of the choroid layer of the eye

A

uveitis

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51
Q

inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually from bacterial infection; also called pink eye

A

conjunctivitis

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52
Q

hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in the inner corner of the eye

A

pterygium

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53
Q

inflammation of the eyelid

A

blepharitis

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54
Q

purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a stye or sty

A

hordeolum

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55
Q

inflammation of the lacrimal gland

A

dacryoadenitis

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56
Q

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

dacryocystitis

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57
Q

inward turning of the eye; people with this form of strabismus are sometimes said to be cross-eyed

A

esotropia (ET)

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58
Q

outward turning of the eye; people with this form of strabismus are sometimes said to be wall-eyed

A

exotropia (XT)

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59
Q

eye muscle weakness that results in the eyes looking in different directions at same time

A

strabismus

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60
Q

loss of vision in half of the visual field; often the result of a stroke

A

hemianopia

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61
Q

jerky involuntary eye movement; often indicates brain injury

A

nystagmus

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62
Q

use of multicolored charts to determine a patient’s ability to recognize color

A

color vision tests

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63
Q

process of injecting fluorescein dye to observe the movement of blood and detect lesions in the retina

A

fluorescein angiography

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64
Q

application of bright green fluorescent eye drops to the cornea to look for abrasions of ulcers

A

fluorescein staining

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65
Q

instrument used to measure the curvature of the cornea

A

keratometer

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66
Q

process of measuring the curvature of the cornea

A

keratometry

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67
Q

instrument used to examine the inside of the eye

A

ophthalmoscope

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68
Q

process of examining the interior of the eye using an ophthalmoscope

A

ophthalmoscopy

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69
Q

instrument used to measure how well the eye focuses images on the retina

A

optometer

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70
Q

vision test for a defect in the eye’s ability to accurately focus an image

A

refractive error test

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71
Q

process of visually examining the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and lens

A

slit lamp microscopy

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72
Q

chart used for testing distance vision

A

Snellen chart

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73
Q

measurement of intraocular pressure using a tonometer to check for glaucoma

A

tonometry

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74
Q

measures the sharpness of a patient’s vision

A

visual acuity (VS) test

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75
Q

surgical removal of all or part of the eyelid

A

blepharectomy

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76
Q

surgical repair of the eyelid

A

blepharoplasty

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77
Q

surgical repair of the conjunctiva

A

conjunctivoplasty

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78
Q

surgical fixation of the retina using extreme cold

A

cryopexy

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79
Q

surgical removal of an eyeball

A

enucleation

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80
Q

use of an artificial lens to replace the lens removed during cataract surgery

A

intraocular lens (IOL) implant

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81
Q

surgical removal of a small portion of the iris

A

iridectomy

82
Q

cutting into the iris and sclera

A

iridosclerotomy

83
Q

surgical repair of the cornea; term used when talking about a corneal transplant

A

keratoplasty

84
Q

correction of myopia using laser surgery to remove corneal tissue

A

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

85
Q

use of a laser to destroy very small precise areas of the retina

A

laser photocoagulation

86
Q

use of high-frequency sound waves to liquefy a lens with a cataract, which is then removed with a needle

A

phacoemulsification

87
Q

surgical use of a laser to reshape the cornea and correct errors of refraction

A

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

88
Q

surgical injection of a gas bubble into the eye and positioning the head such that the bubble presses against an area of detached retina

A

pneumatic retinopexy

89
Q

making spokelike incisions around the cornea to flatten it; used to treat myopia

A

radial keratotomy (RK)

90
Q

surgical fixation of the retina

A

retinopexy

91
Q

placing a silicone band around the outside of the sclera to stabilize a detached retina

A

scleral buckling

92
Q

cutting into the sclera

A

sclerotomy

93
Q

making an incision into the eye muscles to correct strabismus

A

strabotomy

94
Q

eye drops used to relieve pain associated with eye infections, corneal abrasions, or surgery

A

anesthetic ophthalmic solution

95
Q

eye drops used to treat bacterial infection

A

antibiotic ophthalmic solution

96
Q

reduce intraocular pressure by lowering amount of aqueous humor

A

antiglaucoma medications

97
Q

treat dry eyes

A

artificial tears

98
Q

constrict the pupil

A

miotic drops

99
Q

dilate the pupil

A

mydriatic drops

100
Q

constrict the arterioles of the eye to reduce redness and itching

A

ophthalmic decongestants

101
Q

ARMD

A

age-related macular degeneration

102
Q

Astigm

A

astigmatism

103
Q

c. gl.

A

correction with glasses

104
Q

D

A

diopters (lens strength)

105
Q

DVA

A

distance visual activity

106
Q

ECCE

A

extracapsular cataract extraction

107
Q

EENT

A

eyes, ears, nose, throat

108
Q

EM

A

emmetropia

109
Q

EOM

A

extraocular movement

110
Q

ET

A

esotropia

111
Q

ICCE

A

intracapsular cataract extraction

112
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

113
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

114
Q

LASIK

A

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

115
Q

MY

A

myopia

116
Q

Ophth

A

ophthalmology

117
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation

118
Q

PRK

A

photorefractive keratectomy

119
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement

120
Q

RK

A

radial keratotomy

121
Q

s. gl.

A

without correction or glasses

122
Q

SMD

A

senile macular degeneration

123
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

124
Q

VF

A

visual field

125
Q

XT

A

exotropia

126
Q

pertaining to hearing

A

acoustic, auditory

127
Q

pertaining to the ear

A

aural, auricular, otic

128
Q

pertaining to both ears

A

binaural

129
Q

pertaining to the cochlea

A

cochlear

130
Q

pertaining to one ear

A

monaural

131
Q

pertaining to the tympanic membrane

A

tympanic

132
Q

pertaining to the vestibule

A

vestibular

133
Q

medical specialty involved with measuring hearing function and identifying hearing loss

A

audiology

134
Q

branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

A

otorhinolaryngology

135
Q

condition of having abnormally large ears

A

macrotia

136
Q

condition of having abnormally small ears

A

microtia

137
Q

ear pain

A

otalgia

138
Q

discharge of pus from the ear

A

otopyorrhea

139
Q

bleeding from the ear

A

otorrhagia

140
Q

normal loss of hearing that can accompany the aging process

A

presbycusis

141
Q

amount of hearing still present after damage to an auditory mechanism

A

residual hearing

142
Q

ringing in the ears

A

tinnitus

143
Q

rupture of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanorrhexis

144
Q

dizziness

A

vertigo

145
Q

total absence of hearing of the inability to perceive sound; total deafness

A

anacusis

146
Q

inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment

A

deafness

147
Q

excessive accumulation of earwax resulting in a hard wax plug

A

ceruminosis

148
Q

external ear infection caused by fungus or bacteria; also called otomycosis or swimmer’s ear

A

otitis externa (OE)

149
Q

fungal infection of the ear

A

otomycosis

150
Q

inflammation of the tympanic membrane

A

myringitis

151
Q

infection of the middle ear with fluid accumulation; fluid may be watery (serous otitis media) or full of pus (purulent otitis media)

A

otitis media (OM)

152
Q

loss of mobility of the stapes, leading to progressive hearing loss

A

otosclerosis

153
Q

inflammation of the auditory tube

A

salpingitis

154
Q

inflammation of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanitis

155
Q

benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and progressive hearing loss

A

acoustic neuroma

156
Q

inner ear infection; may cause problems with hearing and equilibrium

A

labyrinthitis

157
Q

abnormal condition within the labyrinth that can lead to progressive hearing loss; other symptoms include vertigo and tinnitus

A

Meniere’s disease

158
Q

graphic record of audiometry results

A

audiogram

159
Q

instrument used to measure hearing

A

audiometer

160
Q

test of hearing ability that determines the lowest and highest intensities and frequencies a person can distinguish

A

audiometry

161
Q

measures the loudness of a sound

A

decibel (dB)

162
Q

measures the pitch of a sound

A

hertz (Hz)

163
Q

tests that assess nerve and bone conduction of sound; involve holding a tuning fork against or near the bones on the side of a patient’s head

A

Rinne and Weber tuning-fork tests

164
Q

instrument used to view inside the ear canal

A

otoscope

165
Q

process of examining the ear canal, outer ear, and eardrum using an otoscope

A

otoscopy

166
Q

graphic record of the results of tympanometry

A

tympanogram

167
Q

instrument to measure the movement of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanometer

168
Q

measurement of the movement of the tympanic membrane to assess pressure inside the middle ear

A

tympanometry

169
Q

assesses equilibrium; the patient is observed standing on one foot, then with one foot in front of the other, then walking forward, first with eyes open and then with eyes closed

A

falling test

170
Q

nonverbal method of communicating in which the hands and fingers are used to indicate words and concepts

A

American Sign Language (ASL)

171
Q

apparatus or mechanical device used by persons with impaired hearing to amplify sound

A

hearing aid

172
Q

mechanical device surgically placed behind the outer ear; converts sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve; used to treat profound sensorineural hearing loss

A

cochlear implant

173
Q

surgical removal of the labyrinth

A

labyrinthectomy

174
Q

cutting into the labyrinth

A

labyrinthotomy

175
Q

surgical removal of the tympanic membrane

A

myringectomy

176
Q

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

A

myringoplasty

177
Q

surgical puncture of the eardrum to drain fluid and pus from the middle ear; a pressure equalizing tube is then placed in the tympanic membrane

A

myringotomy

178
Q

surgical repair of the external ear

A

otoplasty

179
Q

small tube that is surgically placed in the eardrum to assist in fluid drainage and to equalize pressure in the middle ear

A

pressure equalizing tube (PE tube)

180
Q

cutting into the auditory tube

A

salpingotomy

181
Q

removal of the stapes to treat otosclerosis

A

stapedectomy

182
Q

surgical removal of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanectomy

183
Q

surgical removal of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanectomy

184
Q

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanoplasty

185
Q

cutting into the tympanic membrane

A

tympanotomy

186
Q

eardrops to treat otitis externa

A

antibiotic otic solution

187
Q

treats nausea associated with vertigo

A

antiemetic

188
Q

soften earwax to prevent buildup in the external ear canal

A

wax emulsifier

189
Q

ASL

A

american sign language

190
Q

BC

A

bone conduction

191
Q

dB

A

decibel

192
Q

EENT

A

eyes, ears, nose, and throat

193
Q

ENT

A

ears, nose, and throat

194
Q

HEENT

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

195
Q

Hz

A

hertz

196
Q

OE

A

otitis externa

197
Q

OM

A

otitis media

198
Q

Oto

A

otology

199
Q

PE tube

A

pressure equalizing tube

200
Q

PORP

A

partial ossicular replacement prosthesis

201
Q

SOM

A

serous otitis media

202
Q

TORP

A

total ossicular replacement prosthesis

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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