Chapter 13 Terms Flashcards
pertaining to the conjunctiva
conjunctival
pertaining to the cornea
corneal
pertaining to being outside the eyeball
extraocular
pertaining to within the eye
intraocular
pertaining to the iris
iridal
pertaining to tears
lacrimal
pertaining to the macula lutea
macular
pertaining to the eye
ocular, ophthalmic
pertaining to the eye or vision
optic, optical
pertaining to the pupil
pupillary
pertaining to the retina
retinal
pertaining to the sclera
scleral
pertaining to the choroid layer of the eye
uveal
branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye and surrounding structures
ophthalmology
vision specialist who is training in grinding and fitting corrective lenses
optician
doctor of optometry
optometrist
medical profession specializing in examining the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses
optometry
drooping eyelid
blepharoptosis
paralysis of the ciliary body
cycloplegia
double vision
diploplegia
state of normal vision
emmetropia
paralysis of the iris
iridoplegia
difficulty seeing in dim light; night blindness
nyctalopia
eye pain
ophthalmalgia
paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles
ophthalmoplegia
bleeding from the eye
opthalmorrhagia
swelling of the optic disk; also called choked disk
papilledema
strong sensitivity to bright light
photophobia
expected changes in vision due to normal aging
presbyopia
softening of the sclera
scleromalacia
condition of dry eyes
xerophthalmia
severe congenital deficiency in color vision; complete color blindness
achromatopsia
loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; commonly called lazy eye
amblyopia
condition in which light rays are focused unevenly on the retina due to abnormal curvature of the cornea
astigmatism
development of an opaque or cloudy lens, resulting in diminished vision
cataract
scraping injury to the cornea
corneal abrasion
increase in intraocular pressure; can result in atrophy of the optic nerve and blindness
glaucoma
condition in which a person can see things in the distance but has trouble reading material at close range; also called farsightedness
hyperopia
inflammation of the iris
iritis
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
severely impaired vision; visual acuity of 20/200 that cannot be improved with corrected lenses or a visual field of less than 20 degrees
legally blind
deterioration of the macular area of the retina
macular degeneration
condition in which a person can see clearly up close but not at a distance; also called nearsightedness
myopia
fungus infection of the eye
oculomycosis
separation of the retina from the choroid layer; this damages blood vessels and nerves and may cause blindness
retinal detachment
progressive disease in which the retina becomes hard, pigmented, and atrophied
retinitis pigmentosa
malignant eye tumor occurring in children
retinoblastoma
general term for disease affecting the retina; often related to diabetes and/or high blood pressure
retinopathy
inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
inflammation of the choroid layer of the eye
uveitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually from bacterial infection; also called pink eye
conjunctivitis
hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in the inner corner of the eye
pterygium
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharitis
purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a stye or sty
hordeolum
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
dacryocystitis
inward turning of the eye; people with this form of strabismus are sometimes said to be cross-eyed
esotropia (ET)
outward turning of the eye; people with this form of strabismus are sometimes said to be wall-eyed
exotropia (XT)
eye muscle weakness that results in the eyes looking in different directions at same time
strabismus
loss of vision in half of the visual field; often the result of a stroke
hemianopia
jerky involuntary eye movement; often indicates brain injury
nystagmus
use of multicolored charts to determine a patient’s ability to recognize color
color vision tests
process of injecting fluorescein dye to observe the movement of blood and detect lesions in the retina
fluorescein angiography
application of bright green fluorescent eye drops to the cornea to look for abrasions of ulcers
fluorescein staining
instrument used to measure the curvature of the cornea
keratometer
process of measuring the curvature of the cornea
keratometry
instrument used to examine the inside of the eye
ophthalmoscope
process of examining the interior of the eye using an ophthalmoscope
ophthalmoscopy
instrument used to measure how well the eye focuses images on the retina
optometer
vision test for a defect in the eye’s ability to accurately focus an image
refractive error test
process of visually examining the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and lens
slit lamp microscopy
chart used for testing distance vision
Snellen chart
measurement of intraocular pressure using a tonometer to check for glaucoma
tonometry
measures the sharpness of a patient’s vision
visual acuity (VS) test
surgical removal of all or part of the eyelid
blepharectomy
surgical repair of the eyelid
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of the conjunctiva
conjunctivoplasty
surgical fixation of the retina using extreme cold
cryopexy
surgical removal of an eyeball
enucleation
use of an artificial lens to replace the lens removed during cataract surgery
intraocular lens (IOL) implant
surgical removal of a small portion of the iris
iridectomy
cutting into the iris and sclera
iridosclerotomy
surgical repair of the cornea; term used when talking about a corneal transplant
keratoplasty
correction of myopia using laser surgery to remove corneal tissue
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
use of a laser to destroy very small precise areas of the retina
laser photocoagulation
use of high-frequency sound waves to liquefy a lens with a cataract, which is then removed with a needle
phacoemulsification
surgical use of a laser to reshape the cornea and correct errors of refraction
photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
surgical injection of a gas bubble into the eye and positioning the head such that the bubble presses against an area of detached retina
pneumatic retinopexy
making spokelike incisions around the cornea to flatten it; used to treat myopia
radial keratotomy (RK)
surgical fixation of the retina
retinopexy
placing a silicone band around the outside of the sclera to stabilize a detached retina
scleral buckling
cutting into the sclera
sclerotomy
making an incision into the eye muscles to correct strabismus
strabotomy
eye drops used to relieve pain associated with eye infections, corneal abrasions, or surgery
anesthetic ophthalmic solution
eye drops used to treat bacterial infection
antibiotic ophthalmic solution
reduce intraocular pressure by lowering amount of aqueous humor
antiglaucoma medications
treat dry eyes
artificial tears
constrict the pupil
miotic drops
dilate the pupil
mydriatic drops
constrict the arterioles of the eye to reduce redness and itching
ophthalmic decongestants
ARMD
age-related macular degeneration
Astigm
astigmatism
c. gl.
correction with glasses
D
diopters (lens strength)
DVA
distance visual activity
ECCE
extracapsular cataract extraction
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, throat
EM
emmetropia
EOM
extraocular movement
ET
esotropia
ICCE
intracapsular cataract extraction
IOL
intraocular lens
IOP
intraocular pressure
LASIK
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
MY
myopia
Ophth
ophthalmology
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation
PRK
photorefractive keratectomy
REM
rapid eye movement
RK
radial keratotomy
s. gl.
without correction or glasses
SMD
senile macular degeneration
VA
visual acuity
VF
visual field
XT
exotropia
pertaining to hearing
acoustic, auditory
pertaining to the ear
aural, auricular, otic
pertaining to both ears
binaural
pertaining to the cochlea
cochlear
pertaining to one ear
monaural
pertaining to the tympanic membrane
tympanic
pertaining to the vestibule
vestibular
medical specialty involved with measuring hearing function and identifying hearing loss
audiology
branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat
otorhinolaryngology
condition of having abnormally large ears
macrotia
condition of having abnormally small ears
microtia
ear pain
otalgia
discharge of pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
bleeding from the ear
otorrhagia
normal loss of hearing that can accompany the aging process
presbycusis
amount of hearing still present after damage to an auditory mechanism
residual hearing
ringing in the ears
tinnitus
rupture of the tympanic membrane
tympanorrhexis
dizziness
vertigo
total absence of hearing of the inability to perceive sound; total deafness
anacusis
inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment
deafness
excessive accumulation of earwax resulting in a hard wax plug
ceruminosis
external ear infection caused by fungus or bacteria; also called otomycosis or swimmer’s ear
otitis externa (OE)
fungal infection of the ear
otomycosis
inflammation of the tympanic membrane
myringitis
infection of the middle ear with fluid accumulation; fluid may be watery (serous otitis media) or full of pus (purulent otitis media)
otitis media (OM)
loss of mobility of the stapes, leading to progressive hearing loss
otosclerosis
inflammation of the auditory tube
salpingitis
inflammation of the tympanic membrane
tympanitis
benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and progressive hearing loss
acoustic neuroma
inner ear infection; may cause problems with hearing and equilibrium
labyrinthitis
abnormal condition within the labyrinth that can lead to progressive hearing loss; other symptoms include vertigo and tinnitus
Meniere’s disease
graphic record of audiometry results
audiogram
instrument used to measure hearing
audiometer
test of hearing ability that determines the lowest and highest intensities and frequencies a person can distinguish
audiometry
measures the loudness of a sound
decibel (dB)
measures the pitch of a sound
hertz (Hz)
tests that assess nerve and bone conduction of sound; involve holding a tuning fork against or near the bones on the side of a patient’s head
Rinne and Weber tuning-fork tests
instrument used to view inside the ear canal
otoscope
process of examining the ear canal, outer ear, and eardrum using an otoscope
otoscopy
graphic record of the results of tympanometry
tympanogram
instrument to measure the movement of the tympanic membrane
tympanometer
measurement of the movement of the tympanic membrane to assess pressure inside the middle ear
tympanometry
assesses equilibrium; the patient is observed standing on one foot, then with one foot in front of the other, then walking forward, first with eyes open and then with eyes closed
falling test
nonverbal method of communicating in which the hands and fingers are used to indicate words and concepts
American Sign Language (ASL)
apparatus or mechanical device used by persons with impaired hearing to amplify sound
hearing aid
mechanical device surgically placed behind the outer ear; converts sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve; used to treat profound sensorineural hearing loss
cochlear implant
surgical removal of the labyrinth
labyrinthectomy
cutting into the labyrinth
labyrinthotomy
surgical removal of the tympanic membrane
myringectomy
surgical repair of the tympanic membrane
myringoplasty
surgical puncture of the eardrum to drain fluid and pus from the middle ear; a pressure equalizing tube is then placed in the tympanic membrane
myringotomy
surgical repair of the external ear
otoplasty
small tube that is surgically placed in the eardrum to assist in fluid drainage and to equalize pressure in the middle ear
pressure equalizing tube (PE tube)
cutting into the auditory tube
salpingotomy
removal of the stapes to treat otosclerosis
stapedectomy
surgical removal of the tympanic membrane
tympanectomy
surgical removal of the tympanic membrane
tympanectomy
surgical repair of the tympanic membrane
tympanoplasty
cutting into the tympanic membrane
tympanotomy
eardrops to treat otitis externa
antibiotic otic solution
treats nausea associated with vertigo
antiemetic
soften earwax to prevent buildup in the external ear canal
wax emulsifier
ASL
american sign language
BC
bone conduction
dB
decibel
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, and throat
ENT
ears, nose, and throat
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
Hz
hertz
OE
otitis externa
OM
otitis media
Oto
otology
PE tube
pressure equalizing tube
PORP
partial ossicular replacement prosthesis
SOM
serous otitis media
TORP
total ossicular replacement prosthesis
