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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aortic

A

pertaining to the aorta

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2
Q

arterial

A

pertaining to an artery

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3
Q

arteriolar

A

pertaining to an arteriole

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4
Q

atrial

A

pertaining to an atrium

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5
Q

atrioventricular

A

pertaining to the atrium and ventricle

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6
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

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7
Q

coronary

A

pertaining to the heart

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8
Q

interatrial

A

pertaining to between the aorta

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9
Q

interventricular

A

pertaining to between the ventricles

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10
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the heart muscle

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11
Q

valvular

A

pertaining to a valve

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12
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to a blood vessel

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13
Q

venous

A

pertaining to a vein

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14
Q

ventricular

A

pertaining to a ventricle

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15
Q

venular

A

pertaining to a venule

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16
Q

branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of condition and disease of the cardiovascular system

A

cardiology

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17
Q

healthcare profession trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests

A

cardiovascular technician

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18
Q

inflammation of a vessel

A

angiitis

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19
Q

involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows the vessel

A

angiospasm

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20
Q

narrowing of a vessel

A

angiostenosis

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21
Q

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site

A

embolus

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22
Q

area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply

A

infarct

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23
Q

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction

A

ischemia

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24
Q

a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality

A

murmur

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25
Q

sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly

A

orthostatic hypotension

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26
Q

pounding, racing heartbeats

A

palpitations

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27
Q

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis

A

plaque

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28
Q

to floow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve

A

regurgitation

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29
Q

blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel

A

thrombus

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30
Q

severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia

A

angima pectoris

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31
Q

complete stopping of heart activity

A

cardiac arrest

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32
Q

an abnormally enlarged heart

A

cardiommegaly

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33
Q

myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcohol abuse; common reason for heart transplant

A

cardiomyopathy

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34
Q

hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

A

congenital septal defect

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35
Q

left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, edema

A

congestive heart failure

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36
Q

poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack

A

coronary artery disease

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37
Q

inflammation of membranes lining the heart; if cause is bacterial, a bacterial colony called vegetation may form

A

endocarditis

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38
Q

cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allows regurgitation

A

heart valve prolapse

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39
Q

cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allows regurgitation

A

heart valve stenosis

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40
Q

occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

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41
Q

inflammation of heart muscle layer

A

myocarditis

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42
Q

inflammation of pericardial sac

A

pericarditis

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43
Q

combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery

A

tetralogy of fallot

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44
Q

inflammation of a heart valve

A

valvulitis

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45
Q

irregularity in heartbeat or action

A

arrhythmia

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46
Q

electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches

A

bundle branch block

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47
Q

condition of having a slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

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48
Q

serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest

A

fibrillation

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49
Q

atria beat too rapidly but maintain a regular pattern

A

flutter

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50
Q

atria contract earlier than they should

A

premature atrial contraction

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51
Q

ventricle contract earlier that they should

A

premature ventricular contractoin

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52
Q

condition of having a fast heart rate

A

tachycardia

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53
Q

weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries

A

aneurysm

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54
Q

a ruptured artery

A

anteriorrhexis

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55
Q

hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis

A

arteriosclerosis

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56
Q

deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque

A

atheroma

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57
Q

most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall

A

atherosclerosis

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58
Q

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

A

coarctation of the aorta

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59
Q

varicose veins in anal region

A

hemorrhoid

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60
Q

high blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease

A

hypertension

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61
Q

decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia

A

hypotension

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62
Q

congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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63
Q

abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation

A

peripheral vascular disease

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64
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

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65
Q

inflammation of several arteries

A

polyarteritis

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66
Q

periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

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67
Q

inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein

A

thrombophlebitis

68
Q

swollen and distended veins; often in the legs

A

varicose veins

69
Q

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

A

auscultation

70
Q

blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

71
Q

instrument for listening to body sounds

A

stethoscope

72
Q

blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as myocardial infarction

A

cardiac biomarkers

73
Q

blood test measures amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk

A

serum lipoprotein level

74
Q

xray record of a vessel

A

angiogram

75
Q

xrays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel

A

angiography

76
Q

nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; especially useful in determining myocardial damage

A

cardiac scan

77
Q

using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses

A

doppler ultrasonography

78
Q

use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves

A

echocardiography

79
Q

catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart

A

cardiac catheterization

80
Q

flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels

A

catheter

81
Q

hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography

A

electrocardiogram

82
Q

process of recording electrical activity of heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and myocardial damage

A

electrocardiography

83
Q

portable ecg monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities

A

holter monitor

84
Q

evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing workload; EKG and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test

A

stress testing

85
Q

procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

86
Q

procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock

A

defibrillation

87
Q

routing blood to a heart-lung machine during a surgical procedure

A

extracorporeal circulation

88
Q

device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

89
Q

device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker

A

pacemaker implantation

90
Q

injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins

A

sclerotherapy

91
Q

use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow

A

thrombolytic therapy

92
Q

surgical removal of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmectomy

93
Q

surgical joining of two arteries when and artery is severed or a damaged section is removed

A

arterial anastomosis

94
Q

surgical removal of an atheroma

A

atherectomy

95
Q

blood vessel from another location is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft

96
Q

surgical removal of an embolus

A

embolectomy

97
Q

removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques

A

endarterectomy

98
Q

replacement of a diseased heart with a donor heart

A

heart transplant

99
Q

stent placed within a coronary artery; treat coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis

A

intracoronary artery stent

100
Q

removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off and then removed

A

ligation and stripping

101
Q

balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

102
Q

stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen

A

stent

103
Q

removal of diseased valve and replacement with an artificial valve

A

valve replacement

104
Q

surgical repair of a heart valve

A

valvoplasty

105
Q

produce vasodilation to decrease blood pressure

A

ACE inhibitor drugs

106
Q

reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias

A

antiarrhythmic

107
Q

prevents blood clot formation

A

anticoagulant

108
Q

reduces blood cholesterol level

A

antilipidemic

109
Q

inhibit ability of platelets to clump together in a blood clot

A

antiplatelet agents

110
Q

lowers heart rate to treat hypertension and angina pectoris

A

beta-blocker drugs

111
Q

decreases force of heart beat to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure

A

calcium channel blocker drugs

112
Q

increases force of heart contraction to treat congestive heart failure

A

cardiotonic

113
Q

increases urine production to reduce plasma volume to lower blood pressure

A

diuretic

114
Q

dissolves existing blood clot

A

thrombolytic

115
Q

relaxes smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to reduce blood pressure and increase blood flow to ischemic area

A

vasodilator

116
Q

contracts smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to raise blood pressure

A

vasopressor

117
Q

AED

A

automated external defibrillator

118
Q

AF

A

atrial fibrillation

119
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

120
Q

AS

A

arteriosclerosis

121
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

122
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

123
Q

AV, A-V

A

atrioventricular

124
Q

BBB

A

bundle branch block

125
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

126
Q

bpm

A

beats per minute

127
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

128
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

129
Q

cath

A

catheterization

130
Q

CC

A

cardiac catheterization, chief complaint

131
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

132
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

133
Q

CoA

A

coarctation of the aorta

134
Q

CP

A

chest pain

135
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

136
Q

CSD

A

congenital septal defect

137
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

138
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

139
Q

ECC

A

extracorporeal circulation

140
Q

ECG, EKG

A

electrocardiogram

141
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

142
Q

fib

A

fibrillation

143
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

144
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

145
Q

ICU

A

intensive care unit

146
Q

IV

A

intravenous

147
Q

LVH

A

left-ventricular hypertrophy

148
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency

149
Q

mm Hg

A

millimeters of mercury

150
Q

MR

A

mitral regurgitation

151
Q

MS

A

mitral stenosis

152
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

153
Q

P

A

pulse

154
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

155
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

156
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

157
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

158
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease

159
Q

S1

A

first heart sound

160
Q

S2

A

second heart sound

161
Q

SA, S-A

A

sinoatrial

162
Q

SK

A

streptokinase

163
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

164
Q

V fib

A

ventricular fibrillation

165
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

166
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachycardia

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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