Chapter 12 Concept Flashcards
What is the nervous system divided into
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
what does the CNS consist of
the brain and spinal cord
What does the PNS consist of
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What are the two types of nervous cells
neurons and neuroglia
what are the three parts of neurons
dendrites, the cell body, the axon
What do neuroglia do
various functions, they can produce myelin
what does myelin do
allows the axon to conduct impulses faster
true or false: neuroglia do not conduct electrical impulses
true
What is gray matter
unsheathed cell bodies and dendrites
what is white matter
myelinated nerve fibers
bundles of interconnecting nerve fibers form ____
tracts
____ meninges encase and protect the CND
three
what four sections is the brains divided into
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem
what is the largest section of the brain
the cerebrum
what is the cerebrum responsible for
thought, judgement, memory, problem solving, language
what is the name of the outer layer and what matter is it made of
the cerebral cortex, gray matter
what are the elevated portions of the brain called
gyri
what are the fissures between gyri called
sulci
What are the frontal lobes responsible for
motor function, personality, and speech
what are the parietal lobes responsible for
interpret nerve impulses and language
what are the occupital lobes responsible for
vision
what are the temporal lobes responsible for
hearing and smell
which part of the brain contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus
the diencephalon
what type of matter is the thalamus made of
gray matter
what is the thalamus responsible for
relay impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum and controls pain perception
what does the hypothalamus do
control temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotion
What systems does the hypothalamus control
autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, the digestive system, and the pituitary gland
what is the cerebellum responsible for
coordinate voluntary movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium and refine muscular movements initiated in the cerebrum
what are the three parts of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
What does the medulla oblongata do
control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure
what is the clear fluid in the ventricles called
cerebrospinal fluid
what is the function of CSF
provide shock and motion protection to the brain and spinal cord
What type of matter makes up the inner portion of the spinal cord
gray matter
what is the outer portion of the spinal cord made of
myelinated white matter
ascending tracts carry ______ _________ to the brain
sensory information
descending tracts carry ______ ________ down from the brain to a peripheral nerve
motor commands
what is the tough, fibrous outermost sac
dura mater
what is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer
subdural space
what is the name of the layer is delicate and attached to the pia mater by filaments
arachnoid
what is the space between the arachnoid layer and pia mater
subarachnoid space
what is the layer applied directly to the brain and spinal cord surface
pia mater
how many pairs of cranial nerves in the PNS
12
how many pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS
31
PNS number 1
olfactory; sense of smell
PNS number 2
optic; sense of sight
PNS number 3
oculomotor; controls eye muscles and the pupil of eye
PNS number 4
trochlear; controls superior oblique muscles of the eye
PNS number 5
trigeminal; facial impulses and control of chewing muscles
PNS number 6
abducens; controls the eyeball muscle that turns the eye to the side
PNS number 7
facial; controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
PNS number 8
vestibulocochlear; responsible for equilibrium and hearing
PNS number 9
glossopharyngeal; carries sensory impulses from the pharynx and taste on posterior third of the tongue
PNS number 10
vagus; supplies abdominal and thoracic organs
PNS number 11
accessory; controls neck and shoulder muscles
PNS number 12
hypoglossal; controls tongue muscles
what is another name for sensory neurons
afferent neurons
what is another name for motor neurons
efferent neurons
what is the PNS divided into
the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nerves
what does the ANS control
involuntary or unconscious body functions
what is the ANS divided into
sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
what does the sympathetic branch control
the fight or flight reaction
what does the parasympathetic branch control
the rest and digest function
what are neuroses
inappropriate coping mechanisms
what are psychoses
extreme distortions of reality and disorganized thinking
what is normal psychology
includes how the personality develops, how people handle stress, and stages of mental development
what is abnormal psychology
studies behaviors that are outside of normal and are detrimental to the individual or society
