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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 Concept > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Concept Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nervous system divided into

A

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what does the CNS consist of

A

the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What does the PNS consist of

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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4
Q

What are the two types of nervous cells

A

neurons and neuroglia

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5
Q

what are the three parts of neurons

A

dendrites, the cell body, the axon

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6
Q

What do neuroglia do

A

various functions, they can produce myelin

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7
Q

what does myelin do

A

allows the axon to conduct impulses faster

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8
Q

true or false: neuroglia do not conduct electrical impulses

A

true

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9
Q

What is gray matter

A

unsheathed cell bodies and dendrites

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10
Q

what is white matter

A

myelinated nerve fibers

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11
Q

bundles of interconnecting nerve fibers form ____

A

tracts

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12
Q

____ meninges encase and protect the CND

A

three

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13
Q

what four sections is the brains divided into

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

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14
Q

what is the largest section of the brain

A

the cerebrum

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15
Q

what is the cerebrum responsible for

A

thought, judgement, memory, problem solving, language

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16
Q

what is the name of the outer layer and what matter is it made of

A

the cerebral cortex, gray matter

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17
Q

what are the elevated portions of the brain called

A

gyri

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18
Q

what are the fissures between gyri called

A

sulci

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19
Q

What are the frontal lobes responsible for

A

motor function, personality, and speech

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20
Q

what are the parietal lobes responsible for

A

interpret nerve impulses and language

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21
Q

what are the occupital lobes responsible for

A

vision

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22
Q

what are the temporal lobes responsible for

A

hearing and smell

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23
Q

which part of the brain contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus

A

the diencephalon

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24
Q

what type of matter is the thalamus made of

A

gray matter

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25
Q

what is the thalamus responsible for

A

relay impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum and controls pain perception

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26
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

control temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotion

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27
Q

What systems does the hypothalamus control

A

autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, the digestive system, and the pituitary gland

28
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for

A

coordinate voluntary movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium and refine muscular movements initiated in the cerebrum

29
Q

what are the three parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

30
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do

A

control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure

31
Q

what is the clear fluid in the ventricles called

A

cerebrospinal fluid

32
Q

what is the function of CSF

A

provide shock and motion protection to the brain and spinal cord

33
Q

What type of matter makes up the inner portion of the spinal cord

A

gray matter

34
Q

what is the outer portion of the spinal cord made of

A

myelinated white matter

35
Q

ascending tracts carry ______ _________ to the brain

A

sensory information

36
Q

descending tracts carry ______ ________ down from the brain to a peripheral nerve

A

motor commands

37
Q

what is the tough, fibrous outermost sac

A

dura mater

38
Q

what is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer

A

subdural space

39
Q

what is the name of the layer is delicate and attached to the pia mater by filaments

A

arachnoid

40
Q

what is the space between the arachnoid layer and pia mater

A

subarachnoid space

41
Q

what is the layer applied directly to the brain and spinal cord surface

A

pia mater

42
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves in the PNS

A

12

43
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS

A

31

44
Q

PNS number 1

A

olfactory; sense of smell

45
Q

PNS number 2

A

optic; sense of sight

46
Q

PNS number 3

A

oculomotor; controls eye muscles and the pupil of eye

47
Q

PNS number 4

A

trochlear; controls superior oblique muscles of the eye

48
Q

PNS number 5

A

trigeminal; facial impulses and control of chewing muscles

49
Q

PNS number 6

A

abducens; controls the eyeball muscle that turns the eye to the side

50
Q

PNS number 7

A

facial; controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

51
Q

PNS number 8

A

vestibulocochlear; responsible for equilibrium and hearing

52
Q

PNS number 9

A

glossopharyngeal; carries sensory impulses from the pharynx and taste on posterior third of the tongue

53
Q

PNS number 10

A

vagus; supplies abdominal and thoracic organs

54
Q

PNS number 11

A

accessory; controls neck and shoulder muscles

55
Q

PNS number 12

A

hypoglossal; controls tongue muscles

56
Q

what is another name for sensory neurons

A

afferent neurons

57
Q

what is another name for motor neurons

A

efferent neurons

58
Q

what is the PNS divided into

A

the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nerves

59
Q

what does the ANS control

A

involuntary or unconscious body functions

60
Q

what is the ANS divided into

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

61
Q

what does the sympathetic branch control

A

the fight or flight reaction

62
Q

what does the parasympathetic branch control

A

the rest and digest function

63
Q

what are neuroses

A

inappropriate coping mechanisms

64
Q

what are psychoses

A

extreme distortions of reality and disorganized thinking

65
Q

what is normal psychology

A

includes how the personality develops, how people handle stress, and stages of mental development

66
Q

what is abnormal psychology

A

studies behaviors that are outside of normal and are detrimental to the individual or society

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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