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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the carpus/wrist

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2
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck

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3
Q

clavicular

A

pertaining to the clavicle

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4
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the coccyx

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5
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to the outer layer

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6
Q

costal

A

pertaining to the ribs

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7
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

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8
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

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9
Q

fibular

A

pertaining to the fibula

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10
Q

humeral

A

pertaining to the humerus

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11
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium

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12
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to between the vertebrae

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13
Q

intracranial

A

pertaining to inside the skull

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14
Q

ischial

A

pertaining to the ischium

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15
Q

lumbar

A

pertaining to the low back

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16
Q

mandibular

A

pertaining to the mandible

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17
Q

maxillary

A

pertaining to the maxilla

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18
Q

metacarpal

A

pertaining to the metacarpus/hand

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19
Q

metatarsal

A

pertaining to the metatarsus/foot

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20
Q

patellar

A

pertaining to the patella

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21
Q

phalangeal

A

pertaining to the phalanges

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22
Q

pubic

A

pertaining to the pubis

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23
Q

radial

A

pertaining to the radius

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24
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to the sacrum

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25
Q

scapular

A

pertaining to the scapula

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26
Q

spinal

A

pertaining ot the spine

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27
Q

sternal

A

pertaining to the sternum

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28
Q

tarsal

A

pertaining to the tarsus

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29
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the thorax

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30
Q

tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia

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31
Q

ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna

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32
Q

vertebral

A

pertaining to a vertebra

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33
Q

chiropractic/chiropractor

A

concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of the spine and musculoskeletal system.

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34
Q

Orthopedics

A

branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system

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35
Q

Orthotics

A

healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints

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36
Q

podiatry

A

healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs

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37
Q

prosthetics

A

healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts

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38
Q

rheumatology

A

branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting the joints, muscles, and bones

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39
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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40
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa (fluid filled sac)

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41
Q

callus

A

mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during healing

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42
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage

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43
Q

crepitation

A

noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together

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44
Q

ostealgia

A

bone pain

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45
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of synovial membrane

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46
Q

closed fracture

A

fracture with no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture

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47
Q

colles’ fracture

A

common wrist fracture

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48
Q

comminuted fracture

A

fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed

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49
Q

compound fracture

A

facture with an open skin wound; also called open fracture

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50
Q

compression fracture

A

fracture with loss of height in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis

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51
Q

fracture

A

broken bone

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52
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete break; one side of bone is broken, the other is bent; common in children

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53
Q

impacted fracture

A

bone fragments are pushed into each other

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54
Q

oblique fracture

A

facture at an angle to bone

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55
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

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56
Q

spiral fracture

A

fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; often slower to heal

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57
Q

stress fracture

A

slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces like running

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58
Q

transverse fracture

A

fracture straight across bone

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59
Q

chondroma

A

tumor in cartilage; usually benign

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60
Q

ewing’s sarcoma

A

cancerous tumor of shaft of long bones; spread through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent metastasis

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61
Q

exostosis

A

bone spur

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62
Q

myeloma

A

tumor forming in bone marrow tissue

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63
Q

osteochondroma

A

tumor consisting of bone and cartilage tissue; usually benign

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64
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

most common type of bone cancer; begins in osteocytes

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65
Q

osteoma

A

tumor found in bone tissue

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66
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone caused by calcium deficiency; caused in children by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D

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67
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

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68
Q

osteopathy

A

general term for bone disease

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69
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone mass; thinning and weakening of bones; porous bone easily fractures

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70
Q

Paget’s disease

A

metabolic disease of bone; unknown cause; results in bone destruction and deformity

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71
Q

rickets

A

caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency; results in bone deformities like bowed legs

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72
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

inflammatory condition resembles rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae

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73
Q

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

A

protrusion of an intervertebral disk; also called ruptured disk

74
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal increase if curve of thoracic spine; humpback

75
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback

76
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curve of spine

77
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital anomaly; vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

78
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of spinal canal; causes pressure on spinal cord and nerves

79
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

80
Q

spondylosis

A

general term for degenerative vertebral column condition

81
Q

whiplash

A

cervical muscle and ligament sprain

82
Q

Bunion

A

inflammation of bursa at base of great toe

83
Q

dislocation

A

bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment

84
Q

gout

A

type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling, usually in the first metatarsophalangeal joint

85
Q

osteoarthritis

A

results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone

86
Q

prepatellar bursitis

A

swelling of bursa between patella and skin; seen in persons who kneel often

87
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain; results in joint deformities

88
Q

sprain

A

damage to ligaments around joint due to overstretching; no dislocation or fracture

89
Q

subluxation

A

incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

90
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems and may include joint pain; looks like rheumatoid arthritis

91
Q

talipes

A

congenital deformity of ankle misalignment; clubfoot

92
Q

arthrogram

A

x-ray record of a joint

93
Q

arthrography

A

visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint

94
Q

bone scan

A

nuclear medicine procedure; radioactive dye is used to visualize bones; useful for identifying stress fractures and metastases

95
Q

dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)

A

measures bone density using low dose x-ray; detects osteoporosis

96
Q

myelography

A

study of spinal column after injecting opaque contrast medium; useful for identifying herniated nucleus pulposus

97
Q

radiograph

A

an x-ray

98
Q

radiography

A

uses x-rays to study internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

99
Q

arthroscope

A

instrument used to view inside a joint

100
Q

arthroscopy

A

examining interior of joint with and arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procedure

101
Q

arthrocentesis

A

insertion of needle into joint cavity to remove fluid

102
Q

orthotic

A

brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities

103
Q

prosthesis

A

artificial device to substitute for a missing or damaged body part

104
Q

amputation

A

removal of a limb for reasons like tumors, gangrene, or crushing injury

105
Q

arthroclasia

A

forcibly breaking loose a fused joint

106
Q

arthrodesis

A

stabilizing joint by fusing bones together

107
Q

arthroscopic surgery

A

performing surgery while using an arthroscope to view inside a joint

108
Q

arthrotomy

A

cutting into a joint

109
Q

bone graft

A

harvesting bone from one location to replace a bony defect in another locatoin

110
Q

bunionectomy

A

removal of the bursa at the base of the great toe

111
Q

bursectomy

A

removal of a bursa

112
Q

chondrectomy

A

removal of cartilage

113
Q

chondroplasty

A

repair of cartilage

114
Q

carniotomy

A

cutting into the skull

115
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of posterior arch of vertebra to remove compression of a spinal nerve

116
Q

osteoclasia

A

intentional breaking of a bone

117
Q

osteotome

A

instrument used to cut bone

118
Q

osteotomy

A

cutting into a bone

119
Q

percutaneous diskectomy

A

tube is inserted into intervertebral disk to suck out ruptured disk; may also be done with a laser

120
Q

spinal fusion

A

surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae

121
Q

synovectomy

A

removal of a synovial membrane

122
Q

total hip arthroplasty (THA)

A

implanting a prosthetic hip joint

123
Q

total knee arthroplasty (TKA)

A

implanting a prosthetic knee joint

124
Q

cast

A

solid material to immobilize a fracture

125
Q

fixation

A

stabilizes fracture while it heals; external fixation includes casts and splints; internal fixation includes pins, plates, and screws

126
Q

reduction

A

realigning bone fragments of fracture; closed reduction is manipulation without surgery; open reduction requires surgery

127
Q

traction

A

applying a pulling force on fracture or dislocation to restore alignment

128
Q

bone reabsorption inhibitors

A

reduce the reabsorption of bone; treats osteoporosis and Paget’s disease

129
Q

calcium supplements and vitamin D therapy

A

supplements that maintain bone density; treat osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets

130
Q

corticosteroids

A

have strong anti-inflammatory properties; treat rheumatoid arthritis

131
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits; treat arthritis

132
Q

AE

A

above elbow

133
Q

AK

A

above knee

134
Q

ADT

A

bone density testing

135
Q

BE

A

below elbow

136
Q

BK

A

below knee

137
Q

C1, C2, etc.

A

first cervical certebra, etc.

138
Q

Ca

A

calcium

139
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

140
Q

DXA, DEXA

A

dual-energy absorptiometry

141
Q

FX, Fx

A

fracture

142
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

143
Q

JRA

A

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

144
Q

L1, L2, etc

A

first lumbar vertebra, etc.

145
Q

LE

A

lower extremity

146
Q

LLE

A

left lower extremity

147
Q

LUE

A

left upper extremity

148
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

149
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

150
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction - internal fixation

151
Q

Ortho, ortho

A

orthopedics

152
Q

P

A

phosphorus

153
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

154
Q

RLE

A

right lower extremity

155
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

156
Q

RUE

A

right upper extremity

157
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

158
Q

T1, T2, etc.

A

first thoracic vertebra, etc.

159
Q

THA

A

total hip arhtroplasty

160
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

161
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

162
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement

163
Q

UE

A

upper extremity

164
Q

true or false: skeletal muscles attach to two different bones and overlap a joint

A

true

165
Q

the origin is the ____ moveable bone

A

less

166
Q

the insertion is the ______ moveable bone

A

more

167
Q

muscles are arranged in ___________

A

antagonistic pairs

168
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline of body

169
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline of body

170
Q

flexion

A

act of bending or being bent

171
Q

extension

A

brings limb into a straight condition

172
Q

dorsiflexion

A

backward bending of foot

173
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending sole of foot; pointing toe

174
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

175
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

176
Q

pronation

A

turning palm downward

177
Q

supination

A

turning palm upward

178
Q

elevation

A

to raise

179
Q

depression

A

to drop down

180
Q

Circumduction

A

movement in a circular direction from a central point

181
Q

Opposition

A

moving the thumb away from the palm to contact the other fingers

182
Q

Rotation

A

movement around a central axis

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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