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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a basic pH stain

A

basophilic

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2
Q

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a rosy red stain

A

eosinophilic

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3
Q

pertaining to a red blood cell

A

erythrocytic

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4
Q

pertaining to having fibers

A

fibrinous

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5
Q

pertaining to blood

A

hematic

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6
Q

pertaining to a white blood cell

A

leukocytic

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7
Q

pertaining to a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue

A

lymphocytic

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8
Q

pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus

A

monocytic

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9
Q

pertaining to a WBC that attracts neutral pH stain

A

neutrophilic

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10
Q

pertaining to blood

A

Sanguineous

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11
Q

pertaining to a clotting cell or platelets

A

thrombocytic

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12
Q

pertaining to a clot

A

thrombotic

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13
Q

The branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood.

A

hematology

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14
Q

the convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting

A

coagulate

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15
Q

general term for disease affecting blood

A

dyscrasia

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16
Q

Collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels

A

hematoma

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17
Q

blood flowing out of a vessel

A

hemorrhage

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18
Q

a hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the result of the blood-clotting process

A

thrombus

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19
Q

genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor

A

hemophilia

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20
Q

excessive level of lipids in the bloodstream; risk factor for atherosclerosis

A

hyperlipidemia

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21
Q

having too few of all blood cells

A

pancytopenia

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22
Q

having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning

A

septicemia

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23
Q

group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues

A

anemia

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24
Q

severe anemia; red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant

A

aplastic anemia

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25
Q

condition of having too many RBCs

A

erythrocytosis

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26
Q

condition of having too few RBCs

A

erythropenia

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27
Q

results from destruction of RBCs

A

hemolytic anemia

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28
Q

destruction of RBCs when a patient receives an incompatible blood transfusion

A

hemolytic reaction

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29
Q

results from insufficient amount of hemoglobin in RBCs; RBCs are unable to transport sufficient oxygen

A

hypochromic anemia

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30
Q

results from an insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs

A

iron-deficiency anemia

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31
Q

insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make enough RBCs

A

pernicious anemia (PA)

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32
Q

condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly

A

Polycythemia vera

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33
Q

genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sickle shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia

A

sickle cell anemia

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34
Q

genetic disorder in which the body is unable to produce functioning hemoglobin

A

thalassemia

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35
Q

cancer of white blood cell forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in bloodstream

A

leukemia

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36
Q

condition of having too many WBCs

A

leukocytosis

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37
Q

condition of having too few WBCs

A

leukopenia

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38
Q

type of leukemia in which the abnormal WBCs are lymphocytes

A

lymphocytic leukemia

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39
Q

type of leukemia in which the abnormal WBCs are granulocytes

A

myeloid leukemia

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40
Q

Condition of having too few platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

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41
Q

condition of having too many platelets

A

thrombocytosis

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42
Q

automated machine that analyzes different characteristics of a blood specimen

A

blood analyzer

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43
Q

incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them

A

blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)

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44
Q

set of tests that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count

A

Complete blood count (CBC)

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45
Q

determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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46
Q

measure volumes of RBCs

A

hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

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47
Q

measure amount of hemoglobin present

A

Hemoglobin (Hgb, hb HGB)

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48
Q

determines the number of platelets

A

platelet count

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49
Q

measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot

A

Prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)

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50
Q

measures the number of red blood cells

A

red blood cell count (RBC)

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51
Q

examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape

A

red blood cell morphology

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52
Q

measures the number of white blood cells

A

white blood cell count (WBC)

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53
Q

determines the number of each variety of white blood cell

A

white blood cell differential (diff)

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54
Q

sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examining for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow aspiration

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55
Q

incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing; also called venipuncture

A

phlebotomy

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56
Q

collection and storage of patient’s own blood prior to actual need

A

autologous transfusion

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57
Q

artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream

A

blood transfusion

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58
Q

patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed

A

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

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59
Q

replacement of blood with blood from another person

A

homologous transfusion

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60
Q

transfusion of only red blood cells without plasma

A

packed red cells

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61
Q

removal of whole blood, followed by separation of plasma from formed elements; formed elements are returned to the patient with donor plasma

A

plasmapheresis

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62
Q

transfusion that is a mixture of both plasma and formed elements

A

whole blood

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63
Q

the sum action of two or more drugs given to a patient; the total strength is equal to the sum strength of the individual drugs

A

additive

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64
Q

a condition in which a particular drug should not be used

A

contraindication

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65
Q

alteration of the effect of one drug by another drug taken at the same time

A

drug interaction

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66
Q

use of one drug to boost the effects of another; the total strength is greater than the sum of the individual strengths

A

potentiation

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67
Q

prevents blood clot formation

A

anticoagulant

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68
Q

prevents bleeding

A

antihemorrhagic

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69
Q

interferes with action of platelets

A

antiplatelet agent

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70
Q

dissolves existing clots

A

fibrinolytic

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71
Q

increases RBCs or hemoglobin

A

hematinic

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72
Q

ac

A

before meals

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73
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

74
Q

AML

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

75
Q

ante

A

before

76
Q

basos

A

basophils

77
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

78
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

79
Q

CLL

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

80
Q

CML

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia

81
Q

diff

A

differential

82
Q

eosins, eos

A

eosinophils

83
Q

ESR, SR, sed rate

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

84
Q

et

A

and

85
Q

HCT, Hct, crit

A

hematocrit

86
Q

Hgb, Hb, HGB

A

hemoglobin

87
Q

lymphs

A

lymphocytes

88
Q

monos

A

monocytes

89
Q

PA

A

Pernicious anemia

90
Q

pc

A

after meals

91
Q

PCV

A

packed cell volume

92
Q

PMN, polys

A

polymorphonuclear neutrophil

93
Q

PT, pro-time

A

prothrombin time

94
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

95
Q

Rh+

A

Rh positive

96
Q

Rh-

A

Rh negative

97
Q

segs

A

segmented neutrophil

98
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

99
Q

pertaining to the underarm region

A

axillary

100
Q

pertaining to the groin region

A

inguinal

101
Q

pertaining to the lymph vessels

A

lymphangial

102
Q

pertaining to lymph

A

lymphatic

103
Q

pertaining to the spleen

A

splenic

104
Q

pertaining to the thymus gland

A

thymic

105
Q

pertaining to the tonsils

A

tonisllar

106
Q

physician who specializes in testing and treating allergies

A

allergist

107
Q

branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of the immune system

A

immunology

108
Q

branch of medicine concerned with determining the underlying causes and development of diseases

A

pathology

109
Q

appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction

A

hives

110
Q

tissues’ response to injury; includes redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

A

inflammation

111
Q

edema in the extremities due to an obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels

A

lymphedema

112
Q

an enlarged spleen

A

splenomegaly

113
Q

severe itching associated with hives; linked to food allergies, stress, or drug reactions

A

urticaria

114
Q

inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling allergens

A

allergic asthma

115
Q

inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergens in the air

A

allergic conjunctivitis

116
Q

an allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen

A

allergic rhinitis

117
Q

hypersensitivity to a common substance; substance is called an allergen

A

allergy

118
Q

life-threatening condition from severe allergic reaction; circulatory and respiratory problems occur; also called anaphylaxis

A

anaphylactic shock

119
Q

skin irritation caused by the skin coming in direct contact with an allergen

A

contact dermatitis

120
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenois

121
Q

disease resulting from immune system attacking its own body; examples include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disease

122
Q

inflammation and obstruction of lymph vessels; results in enlarged tissues due to edema

A

elephantiasis

123
Q

cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes

A

Hodgkin’s disease (HD)

124
Q

Inflammation of lymph nodes; commonly called swollen glands

A

lymphadenitis

125
Q

general term for lymph node disease

A

lymphadenopathy

126
Q

tumor in a lymphatic vessel

A

lymphangioma

127
Q

tumor in lymphatic tissue

A

lymphoma

128
Q

acute viral infection with a large number of atypical lymphocytes

A

mononucleosis (mono)

129
Q

cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

130
Q

tumor of the thymus gland

A

thymoma

131
Q

inflammation of the tonsils

A

tonsillitis

132
Q

defect in cell-mediated immunity; result of final stages of HIV infection

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

133
Q

early stage of AIDS; mild symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, anorexia

A

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

134
Q

complication of bone marrow transplant; immune cells from donor marrow attack recipient’s body

A

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

135
Q

virus that causes AIDS; known as a retrovirus

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

136
Q

immune system does not function properly; also called immunodeficiency disorder

A

immunocompromised

137
Q

skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple skin lesions that spread to organs

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)

138
Q

cancer that originates in plasma cells; over time, malignant cells collect in the bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

139
Q

infection appearing in an immunocompromised person

A

opportunistic infection

140
Q

common in AIDS patients; an opportunistic infection

A

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

141
Q

autoimmune disease; forms fibrous lesions in multiple organs of body

A

sarcoidosis

142
Q

genetic disorder; individuals are born without a functioning immune system

A

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)

143
Q

infection by a group of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics called carbapenems; occurs in healthcare settings

A

carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection

144
Q

infection causes inflammation of the colon; symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain

A

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

145
Q

infection with bacteria resistant to many common antibiotics; spread through contact with contaminated surfaces

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

146
Q

Blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease; presence of antibodies indicates the immune system is attacking the body

A

antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

147
Q

blood test for HIV that detects both HIV antigens and antibodies; antigens can be detected shortly after exposure and antibodies can be detected within eight weeks

A

HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay

148
Q

x-ray record of lymphatic vessels

A

lymphangiogram

149
Q

x-ray taken of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye

A

lymphangiography

150
Q

images of soft tissues created using electromagnetic energy; when exposed to the magnetic field, nuclei in the body’s atoms emit radio-frequency signals

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

151
Q

blood test for infectious mononucleosis

A

monospot

152
Q

allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through light scratch, injection, patch, or prick of the skin

A

skin allergy testing

153
Q

immunotherapy in which a regular injection of a tiny amount of allergen in administered; over time, sensitivity to the allergen is reduced

A

allergy shots

154
Q

injection of immunoglobulin or antibodies to treat a disease

A

immunotherapy

155
Q

exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response; person is then able to fight off the pathogen on subsequent exposure; also called immunization

A

vaccination

156
Q

surgical removal of the adenoids

A

adenoidectomy

157
Q

surgical removal of a lymph node; done to test for malignancy

A

lymphadenectomy

158
Q

surgical removal of the spleen

A

splenectomy

159
Q

surgical removal of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

160
Q

surgical removal of the tonsils

A

tonsillectomy

161
Q

blocks the effects of histamine released during allergic reaction

A

antihistamine

162
Q

anti-inflammatory hormones; used to treat autoimmune diseases

A

corticosteroids

163
Q

block immune system; prevent rejection of transplanted organs

A

immuno-suppressants

164
Q

inhibit protease, and enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce

A

protease inhibitor drugs

165
Q

inhibit reverse transcriptase. an enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs

166
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

167
Q

ANA

A

antinuclear antibody

168
Q

ARC

A

AIDS-related complex

169
Q

C. diff

A

Clostridium Difficile

170
Q

CRE

A

carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

171
Q

GVHD

A

graft versus host disease

172
Q

HAI

A

healthcare-associated infection

173
Q

HD

A

Hodgkin’s Disease

174
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

175
Q

Ig, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

A

immunoglobulin

176
Q

KS

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

177
Q

mono

A

mononucleosis

178
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

179
Q

NHL

A

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

180
Q

NK

A

natural killer cells

181
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystis pneumonia

182
Q

SCIDS

A

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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