Chapter 6 Terms Flashcards
pertaining to a WBC that attracts a basic pH stain
basophilic
pertaining to a WBC that attracts a rosy red stain
eosinophilic
pertaining to a red blood cell
erythrocytic
pertaining to having fibers
fibrinous
pertaining to blood
hematic
pertaining to a white blood cell
leukocytic
pertaining to a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue
lymphocytic
pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus
monocytic
pertaining to a WBC that attracts neutral pH stain
neutrophilic
pertaining to blood
Sanguineous
pertaining to a clotting cell or platelets
thrombocytic
pertaining to a clot
thrombotic
The branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood.
hematology
the convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting
coagulate
general term for disease affecting blood
dyscrasia
Collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels
hematoma
blood flowing out of a vessel
hemorrhage
a hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the result of the blood-clotting process
thrombus
genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor
hemophilia
excessive level of lipids in the bloodstream; risk factor for atherosclerosis
hyperlipidemia
having too few of all blood cells
pancytopenia
having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning
septicemia
group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues
anemia
severe anemia; red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant
aplastic anemia
condition of having too many RBCs
erythrocytosis
condition of having too few RBCs
erythropenia
results from destruction of RBCs
hemolytic anemia
destruction of RBCs when a patient receives an incompatible blood transfusion
hemolytic reaction
results from insufficient amount of hemoglobin in RBCs; RBCs are unable to transport sufficient oxygen
hypochromic anemia
results from an insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs
iron-deficiency anemia
insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make enough RBCs
pernicious anemia (PA)
condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly
Polycythemia vera
genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sickle shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia
sickle cell anemia
genetic disorder in which the body is unable to produce functioning hemoglobin
thalassemia
cancer of white blood cell forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in bloodstream
leukemia
condition of having too many WBCs
leukocytosis
condition of having too few WBCs
leukopenia
type of leukemia in which the abnormal WBCs are lymphocytes
lymphocytic leukemia
type of leukemia in which the abnormal WBCs are granulocytes
myeloid leukemia
Condition of having too few platelets
thrombocytopenia
condition of having too many platelets
thrombocytosis
automated machine that analyzes different characteristics of a blood specimen
blood analyzer
incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them
blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)
set of tests that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count
Complete blood count (CBC)
determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measure volumes of RBCs
hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)
measure amount of hemoglobin present
Hemoglobin (Hgb, hb HGB)
determines the number of platelets
platelet count
measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot
Prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)
measures the number of red blood cells
red blood cell count (RBC)
examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape
red blood cell morphology
measures the number of white blood cells
white blood cell count (WBC)
determines the number of each variety of white blood cell
white blood cell differential (diff)
sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examining for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia
bone marrow aspiration
incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing; also called venipuncture
phlebotomy
collection and storage of patient’s own blood prior to actual need
autologous transfusion
artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream
blood transfusion
patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
replacement of blood with blood from another person
homologous transfusion
transfusion of only red blood cells without plasma
packed red cells
removal of whole blood, followed by separation of plasma from formed elements; formed elements are returned to the patient with donor plasma
plasmapheresis
transfusion that is a mixture of both plasma and formed elements
whole blood
the sum action of two or more drugs given to a patient; the total strength is equal to the sum strength of the individual drugs
additive
a condition in which a particular drug should not be used
contraindication
alteration of the effect of one drug by another drug taken at the same time
drug interaction
use of one drug to boost the effects of another; the total strength is greater than the sum of the individual strengths
potentiation
prevents blood clot formation
anticoagulant
prevents bleeding
antihemorrhagic
interferes with action of platelets
antiplatelet agent
dissolves existing clots
fibrinolytic
increases RBCs or hemoglobin
hematinic
ac
before meals
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
AML
acute myelogenous leukemia
ante
before
basos
basophils
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CBC
complete blood count
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
diff
differential
eosins, eos
eosinophils
ESR, SR, sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
et
and
HCT, Hct, crit
hematocrit
Hgb, Hb, HGB
hemoglobin
lymphs
lymphocytes
monos
monocytes
PA
Pernicious anemia
pc
after meals
PCV
packed cell volume
PMN, polys
polymorphonuclear neutrophil
PT, pro-time
prothrombin time
RBC
red blood cell
Rh+
Rh positive
Rh-
Rh negative
segs
segmented neutrophil
WBC
white blood cell
pertaining to the underarm region
axillary
pertaining to the groin region
inguinal
pertaining to the lymph vessels
lymphangial
pertaining to lymph
lymphatic
pertaining to the spleen
splenic
pertaining to the thymus gland
thymic
pertaining to the tonsils
tonisllar
physician who specializes in testing and treating allergies
allergist
branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of the immune system
immunology
branch of medicine concerned with determining the underlying causes and development of diseases
pathology
appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction
hives
tissues’ response to injury; includes redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch
inflammation
edema in the extremities due to an obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels
lymphedema
an enlarged spleen
splenomegaly
severe itching associated with hives; linked to food allergies, stress, or drug reactions
urticaria
inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling allergens
allergic asthma
inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergens in the air
allergic conjunctivitis
an allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen
allergic rhinitis
hypersensitivity to a common substance; substance is called an allergen
allergy
life-threatening condition from severe allergic reaction; circulatory and respiratory problems occur; also called anaphylaxis
anaphylactic shock
skin irritation caused by the skin coming in direct contact with an allergen
contact dermatitis
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenois
disease resulting from immune system attacking its own body; examples include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease
inflammation and obstruction of lymph vessels; results in enlarged tissues due to edema
elephantiasis
cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s disease (HD)
Inflammation of lymph nodes; commonly called swollen glands
lymphadenitis
general term for lymph node disease
lymphadenopathy
tumor in a lymphatic vessel
lymphangioma
tumor in lymphatic tissue
lymphoma
acute viral infection with a large number of atypical lymphocytes
mononucleosis (mono)
cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
tumor of the thymus gland
thymoma
inflammation of the tonsils
tonsillitis
defect in cell-mediated immunity; result of final stages of HIV infection
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
early stage of AIDS; mild symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, anorexia
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
complication of bone marrow transplant; immune cells from donor marrow attack recipient’s body
graft versus host disease (GVHD)
virus that causes AIDS; known as a retrovirus
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
immune system does not function properly; also called immunodeficiency disorder
immunocompromised
skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple skin lesions that spread to organs
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
cancer that originates in plasma cells; over time, malignant cells collect in the bone marrow
multiple myeloma
infection appearing in an immunocompromised person
opportunistic infection
common in AIDS patients; an opportunistic infection
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
autoimmune disease; forms fibrous lesions in multiple organs of body
sarcoidosis
genetic disorder; individuals are born without a functioning immune system
severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)
infection by a group of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics called carbapenems; occurs in healthcare settings
carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection
infection causes inflammation of the colon; symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain
Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
infection with bacteria resistant to many common antibiotics; spread through contact with contaminated surfaces
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
Blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease; presence of antibodies indicates the immune system is attacking the body
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
blood test for HIV that detects both HIV antigens and antibodies; antigens can be detected shortly after exposure and antibodies can be detected within eight weeks
HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay
x-ray record of lymphatic vessels
lymphangiogram
x-ray taken of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye
lymphangiography
images of soft tissues created using electromagnetic energy; when exposed to the magnetic field, nuclei in the body’s atoms emit radio-frequency signals
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
blood test for infectious mononucleosis
monospot
allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through light scratch, injection, patch, or prick of the skin
skin allergy testing
immunotherapy in which a regular injection of a tiny amount of allergen in administered; over time, sensitivity to the allergen is reduced
allergy shots
injection of immunoglobulin or antibodies to treat a disease
immunotherapy
exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response; person is then able to fight off the pathogen on subsequent exposure; also called immunization
vaccination
surgical removal of the adenoids
adenoidectomy
surgical removal of a lymph node; done to test for malignancy
lymphadenectomy
surgical removal of the spleen
splenectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
thymectomy
surgical removal of the tonsils
tonsillectomy
blocks the effects of histamine released during allergic reaction
antihistamine
anti-inflammatory hormones; used to treat autoimmune diseases
corticosteroids
block immune system; prevent rejection of transplanted organs
immuno-suppressants
inhibit protease, and enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce
protease inhibitor drugs
inhibit reverse transcriptase. an enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce
reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ANA
antinuclear antibody
ARC
AIDS-related complex
C. diff
Clostridium Difficile
CRE
carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
GVHD
graft versus host disease
HAI
healthcare-associated infection
HD
Hodgkin’s Disease
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
Ig, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
immunoglobulin
KS
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
mono
mononucleosis
MRSA
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NHL
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NK
natural killer cells
PCP
pneumocystis pneumonia
SCIDS
severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
