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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the anus

A

anal

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2
Q

pertaining to the cheeks

A

buccal

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3
Q

pertaining to the cheeks and lips

A

buccolabial

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4
Q

pertaining to the cecum

A

cecal

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5
Q

pertaining to the gallbladder

A

cholecystic

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6
Q

pertaining to the colon

A

colonic

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7
Q

pertaining to the colon and rectum

A

colorectal

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8
Q

pertaining to the gallbladder

A

cystic

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9
Q

pertaining to teeth

A

dental

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10
Q

pertaining to the duodenum

A

duodenal

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11
Q

pertaining to the small intestine

A

enteric

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12
Q

pertaining to the esophagus

A

esophageal

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13
Q

pertaining to the stomach

A

gastric

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14
Q

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

A

gastrointestinal

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15
Q

pertaining to the gus

A

gingival

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16
Q

pertaining to the tongue

A

glossal

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17
Q

pertaining to the liver

A

hepatic

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18
Q

pertaining to under the tongue

A

hypoglossal

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19
Q

pertaining to the ileum

A

ileocecal

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20
Q

pertaining to the jejunum

A

jejunal

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21
Q

pertaining to the lips

A

labial

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22
Q

pertaining to the tongue

A

lingual

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23
Q

pertaining to the nose and stomach

A

nasogastric

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24
Q

pertaining to the mouth

A

oral

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25
Q

pertaining to the pancreas

A

pancreatic

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26
Q

pertaining to around the teeth

A

periodontal

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27
Q

pertaining to the pharynx

A

pharyngeal

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28
Q

pertaining to the pylorus

A

pyloric

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29
Q

pertaining to the rectum

A

rectal

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30
Q

pertaining to the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidal

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31
Q

pertaining to under the tongue

A

sublingual

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32
Q

pertaining to under the mandible

A

submandibular

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33
Q

branch of healthcare involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of condition involving the teeth, jaw, and mouth

A

dentistry

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34
Q

branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system

A

gastroenterology

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35
Q

branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions

A

oral surgery

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36
Q

branch of dentistry concerned with correction of tooth alignment problem

A

orthodontics

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37
Q

branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gum and tissues surrounding the teeth

A

periodontics

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38
Q

branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum

A

proctology

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39
Q

loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; different from anorexia nervosa

A

anorexia

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40
Q

being unable to swallow or eat

A

aphagia

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41
Q

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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42
Q

having a slow digestive system

A

bradypepsia

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43
Q

weight loss and generalized wasting that occurs during chronic disease

A

cachexia

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44
Q

gallbladder pain

A

cholecystalgia

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45
Q

difficult or infrequent defecation

A

constipation

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46
Q

tooth pain

A

dentalgia

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47
Q

passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements

A

diarrhea

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48
Q

abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

A

dysorexia

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49
Q

indigestion; having an upset stomach

A

dyspepsia

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50
Q

having difficulty swallowing or eating

A

dysphagia

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51
Q

vomiting

A

emesis

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52
Q

burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching

A

eructation

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53
Q

presence of excess gas in the stomach or intestines

A

flatulence

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54
Q

stomach pain

A

gastralgia

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55
Q

vomiting blood

A

hematemesis

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56
Q

passing bright red blood in the stool

A

hematochezia

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57
Q

excessive vomiting

A

hyperemesis

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58
Q

yellow vast to the skin, mucous membranes, and white of the eyes; caused by the deposit of bile pigment

A

jaundice

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59
Q

passage of dark tarry stool due to digested blood

A

melena

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60
Q

urge to vomit

A

nausea

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61
Q

having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level

A

obesity

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62
Q

excessive eating

A

polyphagia

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63
Q

after a meal

A

postprandial

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64
Q

pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing into the esophagus; heartburn

A

pyrosis

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65
Q

return of fluid and solids from the stomach into the mouth

A

regurgitation

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66
Q

painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown origin; commonly called canker sores

A

aphthous ulcers

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67
Q

congenital anomaly in which the upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving a gap

A

cleft lip

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68
Q

congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure

A

cleft palate

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69
Q

decay and disintegration of teeth cause by bacteria; tooth cavity

A

dental caries

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70
Q

inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

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71
Q

infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1; also called fever blisters or cold sores

A

herpes labialis

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72
Q

disease of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gus and bones; most common cause of tooth loss

A

periodontal disease

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73
Q

inflammation of a salivary gland

A

sialadenitis

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74
Q

enlarged and swollen varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus; rupture results in serious hemorrhage

A

esophageal varices

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75
Q

condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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76
Q

paralysis of the throat muscles

A

pharyngoplegia `

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77
Q

cancerous tumor in the stomach

A

gastric carcinoma

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78
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

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79
Q

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

A

gastroenteritis

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80
Q

protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity; also called diaphragmatocele

A

hiatal hernia

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81
Q

ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be cause by the acid in gastric juices and may be a result of helicobacter pylori infection

A

peptic ulcer disease

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82
Q

abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum

A

anal fistula

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83
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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84
Q

inability to control defecation

A

bowel incontinence

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85
Q

autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten; symptoms include bloating, pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies

A

celiac disease

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86
Q

cancerous tumor originating in the colon or rectum

A

colorectal carcinoma

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87
Q

form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the ileum and/or colon; affects all layers of the bowel wall, resulting in scarring and thickening; also called regional ileitis

A

Crohn’s disease

88
Q

inflammation of a diverticulum, or outpouching of the gut; often results from food being trapped inside

A

diverticulitis

89
Q

condition of having diverticula; may lead to diverticulitis

A

diverticulosis

90
Q

disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration

A

dysentery

91
Q

inflammation of the small intestine

A

enteritis

92
Q

varicose veins in the rectum and anus

A

hemorrhoids

93
Q

severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of intestinal blockage

A

ileus

94
Q

protrusion of a loop of small intestine into the inguinal region through a weak spot in the abdominal wall

A

inguinal hernia

95
Q

result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it

A

intussusception

96
Q

disturbance in the function of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

97
Q

presence of small tumors called polyps in the mucous membranes of the large intestine; may be precancerous

A

polyposis

98
Q

prolapsed or drooping rectum and anus

A

proctoptosis

99
Q

chronic inflammatory bowel disease

A

ulcerative colitis

100
Q

condition in which the bowel twists upon itself, causing an obstruction

A

volvulus

101
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones

A

cholecystitis

102
Q

presence of gallstones; may or may not cause symptoms

A

cholelithiasis

103
Q

chronic liver disease; associated with failure of the liver to function properly

A

cirrhosis

104
Q

inflammation of the liver, usually due to a viral infection

A

hepatitis

105
Q

liver tumor

A

hepatoma

106
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

107
Q

enzyme normally present in the blood; levels are increased in persons with liver disease

A

alanine transaminase (ALT)

108
Q

enzyme normally present in the blood; levels are increased in persons with liver disease

A

aspartate transaminase (AST)

109
Q

laboratory test to determine whether microscopic amounts of blood are present in feces; also called hemoccult or stool guaiac test

A

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

110
Q

test to diagnose H. pylori infection associated with peptic ulcer disease

A

H. pylori antibody test

111
Q

examination of feces to detect the presence of parasites or their eggs

A

ova and parasites (O&P)

112
Q

test to determine the amount of bilirubin in bloodstream; elevated levels indicate liver disease

A

serum bilirubin

113
Q

test of feces to look for the presence of pathogenic bacteria

A

stool culture

114
Q

blood test for celiac disease; detects antibodies formed in autoimmune response to gluten

A

tissue transglutaminase antibody test (tTG)

115
Q

x-ray taken with part of the film holder positioned between and parallel to the teeth

A

bitewing x-ray

116
Q

x-ray image of the gallbladder

A

cholecystogram

117
Q

x-ray of the gallbladder and bile ducts after intravenous injection of dye

A

intravenous cholecystography

118
Q

x-ray image of the colon and rectum taken after the administration of barium by enema; also called barium enema (BE)

A

lower gastrointestinal series (lower GI series)

119
Q

x-ray of the liver and bile ducts after injection of contrast medium directly into the liver

A

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

120
Q

x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum taken after oral administration of barium contrast material; also called a barium swallow

A

upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)

121
Q

instrument used to view inside the colon

A

colonoscope

122
Q

process of visually examining the colon by passing a colonoscope through the anus and rectum

A

colonoscopy

123
Q

procedure used to visualize the hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct; involves use of an endoscope, x-rays, and contrast dye

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

124
Q

use of a flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and beginning of the duodenum

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

125
Q

instrument used to view inside the stomach

A

gastroscope

126
Q

procedure in which a flexible gastroscope is passed through the mouth and down the esophagus to visualize inside the stomach

A

gastroscopy

127
Q

instrument used to view inside the abdominal cavity

A

laparoscope

128
Q

procedure in which a lighted laparoscope is passed through the abdominal wall and used to visually examine the abdominal cavity

A

laparoscopy

129
Q

instrument used to view inside the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidoscope

130
Q

procedure in which a flexible sigmoidoscope is used to visually examine the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidoscopy

131
Q

method of determining whether a person’s weight is healthy; involves dividing weight in kilograms by height in square meters, then comparing the result to a predefined range of values

A

body mass index (BMI)

132
Q

insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid

A

paracentesis

133
Q

dental appliance to replace missing teeth; is attached to adjacent teeth for support

A

bridge

134
Q

artificial covering for a tooth created to replace the original enamel

A

crown

135
Q

partial or complete set of artificial teeth

A

denture

136
Q

removal or “pulling” of teeth

A

extraction

137
Q

surgical removal of gum tissue that has pulled away from the teeth

A

gingivectomy

138
Q

prosthetic device in jaw to anchor a tooth

A

implant

139
Q

treatment involving pulp cavity of the root of a tooth; used to save infected teeth

A

root canal

140
Q

injection of fluid through the rectum and into the large intestine

A

enema

141
Q

use of a nasogastric tube to place liquid nourishment in the stomach

A

gavage

142
Q

use of a nasogastric. tube to wash out the stomach

A

lavage

143
Q

insertion of a flexible catheter through the nose and down the esophagus to the stomach

A

nasogastric intubation

144
Q

providing 100% of a patient’s nutrition intravenously

A

total parenteral nutrition

145
Q

surgical creation of a connection between two organs or vessels

A

anastomosis

146
Q

surgical removal of the appendix

A

appendectomy

147
Q

group of surgical procedures to treat morbid obesity by reducing stomach size or diverting food from part of the alimentary canal

A

bariatric surgery

148
Q

surgical removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

149
Q

crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct

A

choledocholithotripsy

150
Q

surgical removal of the colon

A

colectomy

151
Q

surgical creation of an opening of some portion of the color through the abdominal wall to the outside surface of the body

A

colostomy

152
Q

surgical removal of diverticulum

A

diverticulectomy

153
Q

abdominal operation for the purpose of examining the abdominal organs and tissues for signs of disease or abnormalities

A

exploratory laparotomy

154
Q

surgical removal of an anal fistula

A

fistulectomy

155
Q

laparoscopic bariatric surgical procedure that places a restrictive band around the top portion of the stomach

A

gastric banding

156
Q

bariatric surgical procedure that divides the stomach into two portions, then connects the upper portion directly to the small intestine

A

gastric bypass

157
Q

surgical removal of the stomach

A

gastrectomy

158
Q

procedure that closes off a large section of the stomach with staples

A

gastric stapling

159
Q

surgical procedure to create an opening in the stomach

A

gastrostomy

160
Q

surgical removal of hemorrhoids from the anorectal area

A

hemorrhoidectomy

161
Q

surgical repair of a hernia; also called herniorrhaphy

A

hernioplasty

162
Q

surgical creation of an opening in the ileum

A

ileostomy

163
Q

surgical removal of the gallbladder through a small abdominal incision using a laparoscope

A

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

164
Q

surgical incision into the abdomen

A

laparotomy

165
Q

implantation of a donor liver

A

liver transplant

166
Q

surgical repair of the palate

A

palatoplasty

167
Q

surgical repair of the throat

A

pharyngoplasty

168
Q

surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

A

proctopexy

169
Q

suppresses appetite to treat obesity

A

anorexiant

170
Q

neutralizes stomach acid

A

antacid

171
Q

used to control diarrhea

A

antidiarrheal

172
Q

treat nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness

A

antiemetic

173
Q

used to treat herpes simplex infection

A

herpes antivirals

174
Q

blocks H2-receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production

A

H2-receptor antagonist

175
Q

treats constipation by stimulating a bowel movement

A

laxative

176
Q

blocks the stomach’s ability to secrete acid

A

proton pump inhibitor

177
Q

before meals

A

ac

178
Q

alanine transaminase

A

ALT

179
Q

aspartate transaminase

A

AST

180
Q

barium

A

Ba

181
Q

barium enema

A

BaE, BE

182
Q

bowel movement

A

BM

183
Q

body mass index

A

BMI

184
Q

bowel sounds

A

BS

185
Q

common bile duct

A

CBD

186
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

EGD

187
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCP

188
Q

fecal occult blood test

A

FOBT

189
Q

gallbladder

A

GB

190
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

GERD

191
Q

gastrointestinal

A

GI

192
Q

helicobacter pylori

A

H. pylori

193
Q

hepatitis A virus

A

HAV

194
Q

hepatitis B virus

A

HBV

195
Q

hydrochloric avid

A

HCl

196
Q

hepatitis C virus

A

HCV

197
Q

hepatitis D virus

A

HDV

198
Q

hepatitis E virus

A

HEV

199
Q

herpes simplex virus type 1

A

HSV-1

200
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

IBD

201
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

IBS

202
Q

intravenous cholangiography

A

IVC

203
Q

nausea and vomiting

A

N&V

204
Q

nasogastric (tube)

A

NG

205
Q

nothing by mouth

A

NPO

206
Q

ova and parasites

A

O&P

207
Q

after meals

A

pc

208
Q

by mouth

A

PO

209
Q

postprandial

A

pp

210
Q

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

A

PTC

211
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

PUD

212
Q

every

A

q

213
Q

every morning

A

qam

214
Q

every hour

A

qh

215
Q

total parenteral nurtition

A

TPN

216
Q

tissue transglutaminase

A

tTG

217
Q

upper gastrointestinal series

A

UGI

Medical Terminology (36 decks)

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