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Chapter 9 PPT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue in the muscular system?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle attached to

A

bones of skeleton

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3
Q

skeletal muscle - control type?

A

voluntary

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4
Q

cardiac muscle makes up most of the

A

wall of the heart

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5
Q

cardiac muscle control type?

A

involuntary (non-consciously controlled)

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6
Q

cardiac muscle responsible for

A

pumping action of the heart

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7
Q

smooth muscle found in

A

walls of internal organs, such as those of digestive tract

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8
Q

smooth muscle control type

A

involuntary

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9
Q

skeletal muscle composed of

A

skeletal muscle tissue
nervous tissue
blood
connective tissue

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10
Q

connective tissue covering over skeletal muscles

A

fascia
tendons
aponeuroses

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11
Q

muscle coverings examples

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

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12
Q

what is the epimysium?

A

surrounds whole muscle

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13
Q

what is the perimysium?

A

surrounds fascicles within a muscle

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14
Q

what is the endomysium?

A

surrounds muscle fibers within a fasicle

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15
Q

skeletal muscle fibers have what type of nucleus?

A

multinucleated

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16
Q

skeletal muscle have many

A

myofibrils

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17
Q

skeletal muscle - what do myofibrils consist of?

A

thin actin filaments
thick myosin filaments

sacromeres that are connected end-to-end

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18
Q

skeletal muscle - striation pattern is made by

A

arrangement of myofilaments in myofibrils

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19
Q

What structures do sarcomeres contain?

A 
I Band 
A Band
H Zone
Z Line
M Line
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20
Q

what is in the I band?

A

thin filaments

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21
Q

what is in the A band

A

thick and thin filaments

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22
Q

what is in the H zone

A

thick filaments

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23
Q

what is the z line also known as?

A

Z disc

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24
Q

Striation pattern has what 2 main parts?

A

I Band and A Band

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25
What is the I Band?
Light band, composed of thin actin filaments
26
what is the a band?
dark band, composed of thick myosin filaments with portions overlapped with thin actin filaments
27
What is the H zone?
Center of A band; composed of thick myosin filaments
28
What is the Z Line?
Anchors filaments in place; sarcomere boundary; center of I band
29
What is the M line?
Anchors thick filaments; center of A band
30
thick filaments are composed of
myosin proteins; heads form cross-bridges
31
thin filaments are composed of
actin protein; associated with troponin and tropomyosin, which prevent cross-bridge formation when muscle is not contracting
32
Contraction of a muscle fiber requires
interaction from several chemical and cellular components
33
Contraction of a muscle fiber results from
a movement within the myofibrils, in which the actin and myosin filaments slide past one another, shortening the sarcomeres
34
Contraction of a muscle fiber - muscle fiber shortens and
pulls on attachment point
35
a neuromuscular junction is a type of
synpase
36
a neuromuscular junction is also called a
myoneural junction
37
a neuromuscular junction site where
an axon of motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber interact
38
a neuromuscular junction - skeletal fibers contract only when stimulated by a
motor neuron
39
parts of the NMJ?
``` Motor Neuron Motor End Plate Synaptic Cleft Synaptic Vesicles Neurotransmitters ```
40
What is the neurotransmitter for contraction?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
41
Stimulus for contraction - nerve impulse causes release of
ACh from synaptic vesicles
42
Stimulus for contraction - Ach binds to
ACh receptors on motor end plate
43
Stimulus for contraction - ACh causes change in
membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ which generates a muscle impulse (action potential)
44
Stimulus for contraction - impulse causes
release of Ca2+ from SR, which leads to muscle contraction
45
What is MG?
Myoasthenia Gravis, an autoimmune disorder
46
What happens in Myoasthenia Gravis?
Antibodies attach ACh receptors on skeletal muscle fibers (motor end plates) in neuromuscular junctions)
47
In MG, person may only have
one-third normal number of ACh receptors
48
MG leads to widespread
muscle weakness and muscle fatigue
49
Treatments for MG?
Drugs that inhibit ACh Immunosuppresant Drugs Administering antibodies that inactivate harmful antibodies Plasma exchange
50
What is excitation-contraction coupling
connection between muscle fiber stimulation and muscle contraction
51
what occurs during muscle relaxation?
Ca2+ ions are stored in SR | Troponin-Tropomyosin complexes cover binding sites on actin filaments
52
Upon muscle stimulation - muscle impulses cause
SRS to release Ca2+ ions into cytosol
53
Upon muscle stimulation - Ca2+ on binds to
troponin to change its shape
54
Upon muscle stimulation - each tropomyosin is
held in place by a troponin molecule. The change in shape of troponin alters the position of tropomyosin
55
Upon muscle stimulation - binding sites on actin are now
exposed
56
Upon muscle stimulation - myosin heads bind to
actin - forming cross-bridges
57
sliding filament model of muscle contraction - when sarcomeres shorten
thick and thin filaments slide past one another
58
sliding filament model of muscle contraction - H zone and I bands
narrow
59
sliding filament model of muscle contraction - z lines move
closer together
60
sliding filament model of muscle contraction - thick and thin filaments
do not change length
61
sliding filament model of muscle contraction - overlap between
filaments increases
62
cross-bridge cycling - (1) myosin head attaches to
actin binding site, forming cross-bridge
63
cross-bridge cycling - (2) myosin cross-bridge pulls
thin filament toward center of sacromere
64
cross-bridge cycling - (3) ADP and phosphate are
released from myosin
65
cross-bridge cycling - (4) new atp
binds to myosin
66
cross-bridge cycling - (5) linkage between actin and myosin
cross-bridge break
67
cross-bridge cycling - (6) atp
splits
68
cross-bridge cycling - (7) myosin cross-bridge goes back to
original position
69
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - Acetylcholinesterase rapidly
decomposes ACh remaining in the synapse
70
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - muscle impulse stops when
ACh is decomposed
71
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - stimulus to sarcolemma and muscle fiber membrane
ceases
72
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - calcium pump moves
Ca2+ back into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
73
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - troponin-tropomyosin complex again
covers binding sites on actin.
74
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - myosin and actin binding sites are now
prevented
75
When neural stimulation of muscle fiber stops - at the end, muscle fiber
relaxes
76
Energy sources for contraction
ATP reserves : small amount creatine phosphate: initial source of energy to regenerate ATP from ADP and P Cellular respiration
77
What occurs in cellular respiration in anaerobic phase?
glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm produces little atp
78
what occurs in aerobic phase?
citric acid and ETC. occurs in mitochondria produces most of ATP myoglobin stores extra oxygen in molecules
79
What is the Anaerobic (Lactic Acid) Threshold
Shift in metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic, during strenuous muscle activity, when the above systems cannot supply the necessary O2. Lactic acid is provided
80
what happens in oxygen debt?
amount of oxygen needed by liver cells convert the accumulated lactic acid to glucose and to restore muscle ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations
81
what occurs in muscle fatigue?
inability to contract muslces
82
common causes of muscle fatigue?
decreases blood flow ion imbalances across the sarcolemma loss of desire to continue exercise accumulation of lactic acid
83
what occurs in a muscle cramp?
sustained, involuntary muscle contraction | may be caused by changes in electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids in the area
84
heat is a by-product of
cellular respiration in active cells
85
muscle cells are major source of
body heat
86
more than half the energy release in cellular respiration becomes
heat; less than half is transferred to ATP
87
blood transports ..
heat throughout body core
88
muscle contraction can be observed by
removing a single skeletal muscle fiber and connecting it to a device that senses and records skeletal changes int he overall length of the muscle fiber
89
what is the threshold stimulus?
minimum strength of stimulation of a muscle fiber required to cause contraction?
90
when strength of stimulus reaches threshold,
an action potential is generated
91
impuslse spreads through
muscle fiber, releasing Ca2+ from SR and activating crossbridge formation
92
one action potential from a motor neuron releases enough ACh to produce
threshold stimulus in muscle fiber, causing a muscle impulse
93
a twitch is
a contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single impulse
94
what is in the twitch?
latent period period of contration period of relaxation
95
length of muscle fiber before sitmulation determines
amount of force it can develop
96
optimum starting length in length-tension relationship is
resting length of the muscle fiber; this allows the greatest force to develop
97
stretched muscle fibers develop less
force, since some myosin heads cannot reach binding sites of actin
98
shortened muscle fibers also develop
less force, since compressed
99
sacromeres cannot
shorten further
100
summation is a process by which
the force of individual muscle fiber twitches combine.
101
summation produces
sustained contractions
102
summation can lead to
partial or complete tetanic contractions
103
a motor unit consists of
a motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers it controls
104
a whole muscle consists of many
motor units
105
corase movements are produced with
large numbers of fibers in a motor unit
106
precide movements are produced with
fewer muscle fibers in a motor unit
107
what is the recruitment of motor units?
Increase in the number of motor units activated, to produce more force
108
certain motor units are
activated first, and others are activated only when the intensity of stimulus increases
109
as intensity of stimulation increases,
recruitment of motor units continues until all motor units are activated
110
the smallest motor units (smaller diameter axons)
are recruited first
111
larger motor units (larger diameter axons) are
recruited later
112
summutation and recruitment can produce
sustained contractions of increasing strength
113
whole muscle contractions are
smooth movements
114
what is muscle tone?
continuous state of partial contraction in resting muscles.
115
what is isotonic?
muscle contracts and changes length in equal force
116
What is a concentric contraction?
muscle contracts with force greater than resistance and shorten
117
what is a eccentric contraction?
muscsle contracts with force less than resistance and length
118
what is isometric?
muscle contracts but does not change length
119
Type I fibers are
slow twitch fibers
120
type iia are
fast-twitch fatigue resistant fibers
121
type iib are
fast-twitch glycolytic fibers
122
type I fibers are always
oxidative
123
type I fibers are what to fatigue?
resistant to fatigue
124
type I fibers contain what type of fibers
red fibers
125
type I fibers feature an abundance of
myoglobin
126
type I fibers feature food
blood supply
127
type I fibers feature many
mitochondria
128
type I fibers have slow
atpase activity; slow to contract
129
type iib have what type of respiration
anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)
130
type iib have what type of fibers
white fibers (less myoglobin)
131
type iib have poor
blood supply
132
type iib mitochondria type
fewer mitochondria than fast-twitch
133
type iib - sr
more sr than fast twitch
134
type iib susceptible to
fatigue
135
type iib - atpase activity
fast atpase activity; contract rapidly
136
type iiA - twitch fiber type
intermediate twitch fibers
137
type iia - oxidative capacity
intermediate oxidative capacity
138
type iia - myoglobin
intermediate amount of myoglobin
139
type iia - fiber type
white fibers
140
type iia - fatigue
resistant to gatigue
141
type iia - atpase
rapid atpase activity
142
what is hypertrophy?
enlargement of skeletal muscle that is exercises
143
what is atrophy?
decrease in size and strength of skeletal muscle that is unused
144
aerobic exercise stimulates
slow-twitch fibers. In response, fibers increase their capillaries and mitochondria
145
forceful exercise stimulates mainly
fast twitch fibers. Inr esponse, fibers produce new actin and myosin filaments and the muscle enlarges
146
compared to skeletal muscle fibers, smooth muscle fibers are
``` shorter single nucleus elongated with tapering ends myofilaments randomly organized lack striations lack transverse tubules sr not well developed ```
147
what are the two types of smooth muscle?
multi-unit smooth muscle | visceral smooth msucle
148
in multi-unit smooth muscle, cells are
less organized
149
in multi-unit smooth muscle, function as
separate units
150
in multi-unit smooth muscle, fibers function
independtely
151
in multi-unit smooth muscle, found in
iris of eye, walls of blood vessels
152
in multi-unit smooth muscle, stimulated by
neurons, hormones
153
in visceral smooth muscle, consists of
single-unit smooth muscle, and cells response as a unit
154
in visceral smooth muscle, sheets of
spindle-shaped muscle fibers
155
in visceral smooth muscle, fibers held together by
gap junctions
156
in visceral smooth muscle, exhibit
rhythmicity
157
in visceral smooth muscle, conduct
peristalsis
158
in visceral smooth muscle, found in
walls of hollow organs
159
what is the more common type of smooth muscle?
visceral smooth muscle
160
like skeletal muscle contraction, smooth contraction features
interaction between actin and myosin both use calcium and atp both triggered by membrane impulses
161
unlike skeletal muscle , smooth muscle lacks
troponin, uses calmodulin instead
162
what two neurotransmitters affect smooth muscle?
Acetylcholine (ACh) and Norepinephrine (NE)
163
smooth muscle slower to
contract and relax
164
smooth muscle more resistant to
fatigue
165
cardiac muscle only located in
the heart
166
cardiac muscle appearance
striated muscle cells
167
cardiac muscle, muscle fibers jointed together by
intercalated discs
168
cardiac muscle, fibers branch and contain
a single nucleus
169
cardiac muscle,network of
fibers contract as a unit
170
cardiac muscle, are self-
exciting and rhythmic
171
cardiac muscle, has a longer ___ than sksletal muscle
refractory period
172
cardiac muscle, has no
sustained or tetanic contractions
173
major location of skeletal muscle?
skeletal muscles
174
major location of smooth muscle?
walls of hollow organs
175
major location of cardiac muscle?
wall of heart
176
major function of skeletal muscle?
movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
177
major function of smooth muscle?
movement of walls of hollow organs, peristalsis, vasoconstrction
178
major function of cardiac muscle
pumping action of the heart
179
are striations present in skeletal muscle?
yes
180
are striations present in smooth muscle
no
181
are striations present in cardiac muscle
yes
182
nucleus in skeletal muscle
multiple nuclei
183
nucleus in smooth muscle
single nucleus
184
nucleus in cardiac muscle
single nucleus
185
special features in skeletal muscle
transverse tubule system is well develooped
186
special features in smooth muscles
lacks transverse tubules
187
special features in cardiac muscles
transverse tubule system is well developed
188
4 basic components of levers?
Rigid bar or rod (bones) Fulcrum or pivot on which bar moves (joint) object moved against resistance (Weight) force that supplies energy for movement (muscles)
189
what is the origin?
the less moveable end
190
what is the insertion
the more moveable end
191
When a muscle contracts, insertion is
pulled toward the origin
192
What is a agonist?
muscle that causes an action
193
what is a prime mover?
agonist primarily responsible for movement
194
what are syngerists?
muscles that assist agonst / prime movers
195
what are antagonists?
muscles whose contraction causes movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover
196
origin of epicranius?
occipital bone
197
epicranius - insertion?
skin around eye
198
epicranius - action?
elevates eyebrow as when surprised
199
epicranius - nerve supply
facial nerve
200
orbicularis oculi - origin
maxilla and frontal bone
201
orbicularis oculi - insertion
skin around eye
202
orbicularis oculi - action?
closes eyes as in blinking
203
orbicularis oculi - nerve supply?
facial nerve
204
orbicularis oris - origin
muscles near the mouth
205
orbicularis oris - insertion
skin of central lip
206
orbicularis oris - action
closes lips, protrudes lips as for kissing
207
orbicularis oris - nerve supply
facial nerve
208
buccinator - origin?
alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
209
buccinator - insertion
orbicularis oris
210
buccinator - action
compresses cheek
211
buccinator - nerve supply
facial nerve
212
zygomaticus major - origin
zygomatic bone
213
zygomaticus major - insertion
skin and muscle at corner of mouth
214
zygomaticus major - action
elevates corner of mouth as when smiling
215
zygomaticus major - nerve supply
facial nerve
216
zygomaticus minor - origin
zygomatic
217
zygomaticus minor - insertion
skin and muscle at corner of mouth
218
zygomaticus minor - action
elevates corner of mouth as when smiling
219
zygomaticus minor - nerve supplyl
facial nerve
220
platysma - origin
fascia in upper chest
221
platysma - insertion
skin and muscles below mouth; mandible
222
platysma - action
depresses lower lip and angle of mouth as when pouting
223
platysma - nerve supply
facial nerve
224
masseter - origin
zygomatic arch
225
masseter - insertion
lateral surface of ramus of mandible
226
masseter - action
elevates and protracts mandible
227
masseter - nerve supply
trigeminal nerve
228
temporalis - origin
temporal bone
229
temporalis - insertion
coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible
230
temporalis - action
elevates and retracts mandible
231
temporalis - nerve supply
trigeminal nerve
232
medial pterygoid - origin
sphenoid, palantine, and maxillary bone
233
medial pterygoid - insertion
medial surface of ramus of mandible
234
medial pterygoid - action
elevates mandible and moves it from side to side
235
medial pterygoid - nerve supply
trigeminal nerve
236
lateral pterygoid - origin
sphenoid bone
237
lateral pterygoid - insertion
anterior surface of mandibular condyle
238
lateral pterygoid - action
depresses and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side
239
lateral pterygoid - nerve supply
trigeminal nerve
240
What is TMJ Syndrome?
articulation problem between mandibular condyle of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone
241
TMJ Syndrome affects
nerves passing thorugh new and jaw region
242
TMJ Syndrome caused by
misaligned jaw, grinding/clenching teeth
243
TMJ Syndrome causes
clicking jaw, facial pain, ringing in ears, insomnia, tooth sensitivity to heat/cold, backache, dizziness, ear pain
244
TMJ Syndrome Treatments
physical therapy, oral appliances, arthocentesis, injections of botulism toxin or steroids
245
Sternocleidomastoid - origin
anterior surface of sternum and upper surface of clavicle
246
Sternocleidomastoid - insertion
mastoid process of temporal bone
247
Sternocleidomastoid - action
each laterally flexes neck to the same side, roteates head to the opposite side, together they pull the head forward and down
248
Sternocleidomastoid - nerve supply
accessory, C2 and C3 cervical nerves
249
splenius capitis - origin
ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
250
splenius capitis - insertion
occipital bone
251
splenius capitis - action
individually rotates head to the same side. Together bring head into the upright position
252
splenius capitis - nerve supply
cervical nerves
253
semispinalis capitis - origin
processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
254
semispinalis capitis - insertion
occipital bone
255
semispinalis capitis - action
individually: rotates head to the opposite head. together: extend head and neck
256
semispinalis capitis - nerve supply
cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
257
scalenes - origin
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
258
scalenes - insertion
superior and lateral surfaces of first rwo ribs
259
scalenes - action
individually: laterally flexes head and neck to the same side together: elevate first two ribs during forceful inhalation
260
scalenes - nerve supply
cervical spinal nerves
261
quadratus lumborum - origin
iliac crest
262
quadratus lumborum - insertion
upper lumbar vertebrae and twelth rib
263
quadratus lumborum - action
extends lumbar region of vertebral column
264
quadratus lumborum - nerve supply
thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
265
iliocostalis lumborum - origin
iliac crest
266
iliocostalis lumborum - insertion
lower six ribs
267
iliocostalis lumborum - action
extends lumbar region of vertebral column
268
iliocostalis lumborum - nerve supply
Lumbar spinal nerves
269
iliocostalis thoracis - origin
lower six ribs
270
iliocostalis thoracis - insertion
upper six ribs
271
iliocostalis thoracis - action
holds spine erect
272
iliocostalis thoracis - nerve supply
thoracic spinal nerves
273
iliocostalis cervices - origin
upper six ribs
274
iliocostalis cervices - insertion
fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae
275
iliocostalis cervices - action
extends cervical region of vertebral column
276
iliocostalis cervices - nerve supply
cervical spinal nerves
277
longissimus thoracis - origin
lumbar vertebrae
278
longissimus thoracis - insertion
thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and ribs 9 and 10
279
longissimus thoracis - action
extends thoracic region of vertebral column
280
longissimus thoracis - nerve supply
spinal nerves
281
longissimus cervicis - origin
fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae
282
longissimus cervicis - insertion
second through sixth cervical vertebrae
283
longissimus cervicis - action
extends cervical region of vertebral column
284
longissimus cervicis - nerve supply
spinal nerves
285
longissimus capitis - origin
upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
286
longissimus capitis - insertion
mastoid process of temporal bone
287
longissimus capitis - action
extends and rotates head
288
longissimus capitis - nerve supply
cervical spinal nerves
289
spinalis thoracis - origin
upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
290
spinalis thoracis - insertion
upper thoracic vertebrae
291
spinalis thoracis - action
extends vertebral column
292
spinalis thoracis - nerve supply
spinal nerves
293
spinal cervicis - origin
ligamentum nuchae and seventh cervical vertebra
294
spinal cervicis - insertion
axis
295
spinal cervicis - action
extend vertebral column
296
spinal cervicis - nerve supply
spinal nerves
297
trapezius - origin
occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
298
trapezius - insertion
clavicle spine acromion process of scapula
299
trapezius - action
rotates and retracts scapula | superior portion elevates scapula inferior portion depresses scapula
300
trapezius - nerve supply
accessory nerve
301
rhomboid major - origin
spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
302
rhomboid major - insertion
medial border of scapulaa
303
rhomboid major - action
retracts, elevates, and rotates scapula
304
rhomboid major - nerve supply
dorsal scapular nerve
305
rhomboid minor - origin
spinous processes of lower cervical vertebrae
306
rhomboid minor - insertion
medial border of scapula
307
rhomboid minor - action
retracts and elevates scapula
308
rhomboid minor - nerve supply
dorsal scapaular nerve
309
levator scapular - origin
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
310
levator scapular - insertion
medial border of scapula
311
levator scapular - action
elevates scapula
312
levator scapular - nerve supply
dorsal scapular and cervical nerves
313
serratus anterior - origin
anterior surfaces of upper ribs
314
serratus anterior - insertion
medial border of scapula
315
serratus anterior - action
protects and rotates scapula
316
serratus anterior - nerve supply
long thoracic nerve
317
pectoralis minor - origin
anterior surface of ribs 3-5
318
pectoralis minor - insertion
coracoid process of scapula
319
pectoralis minor - action
depresses and protracts scapula, elevates ribs during forceful inhalation
320
pectoralis minor - nerve supply
pectoral nerve
321
coracobrachialis - origin
coracoid process of scapula
322
coracobrachialis - insertion
medial mid-shaft of humerus
323
coracobrachialis - action
flexes shoulder and adducts arm
324
coracobrachialis - nerve supply
musculocutaneus nerve
325
pectoralis major - origin
clavicle , sternum, and costal cartilages of upper ribs
326
pectoralis major - insertion
intertubecular sulcus of humerus
327
pectoralis major - action
flexes shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially
328
pectoralis major - nerve supply
pectoral nerve
329
teres major - origin
lateral border of scapula
330
teres major - insertion
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
331
teres major - action
extends shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially
332
teres major - nerve supply
lower subscapular nerve
333
latissimus dorsi - origin
spines of sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower ribs
334
latissimus dorsi - insertion
intertubecular sulcus of humerus
335
latissimus dorsi - action
extends shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially, or depresses and retracts shoulder
336
latissimus dorsi - nerve supply
thoracondorsal nerve
337
supraspinatus - origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
338
supraspinatus - insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
339
supraspinatus - action
abducts arm
340
supraspinatus - nerve supply
suprascapular nerve
341
deltoid - origin
acromion process, spine of the scapula, and the clavicle
342
deltoid - insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
343
deltoid - action
lateral portion abducts arm. anterior portion flexes shoulder posterior portion extends shoulder
344
deltoid - nerve supply
axillary nerve
345
subscapularis - origin
anterior surface of scapula
346
subscapularis - insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
347
subscapularis - action
rotates arm medially
348
subscapularis - nerve supply
subscapular nerve
349
infraspinatus - origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula
350
infraspinatus - insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
351
infraspinatus - action
rotates arm lateally
352
infraspinatus - nerve supply
upper and lower suprascapular nerves
353
teres minor - origin
lateral border of scapula
354
teres minor - insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
355
teres minor - action
rotates arm laterally
356
teres minor - nerve supply
axillary nerve
357
biceps brachii - origin
coracod process and tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula
358
biceps brachii - insertion
radial tuberosity
359
biceps brachii - action
flexes elbow and supinates forearm and hand
360
biceps brachii - nerve supply
musculotaneous nerve
361
brachialis - origin
anterior surface of humerus
362
brachialis - insertion
coronoid process of ulna
363
brachialis - action
flexes elbow
364
brachialis - nerve supply
musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerves
365
brachioradialis - origin
distal lateral end of humerus
366
brachioradialis - action
flexes elbow
367
brachioradialis - nerve supply
radial nerve
368
triceps brachii - origin
tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and posterior surfaces of humerus
369
triceps brachii - insertion
lateral surface of radius above styloid process
370
triceps brachii - action
extends elbow
371
triceps brachii - nerve supply
radial nerve
372
supinator - origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna, just distal to radial notch
373
supinator - insertion
anterior and lateral surface of radius
374
supinator - action
rotates forearm laterally; supinates forearm and hand
375
supinator - nerve supply
radial nerve
376
pronator teres - origin
medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
377
pronator teres - insertion
lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius
378
pronator teres - action
rotates forearm medially, pronates forearm and hand
379
pronator teres - nerve supply
medial nerve
380
pronator quadratus - origin
anterior distal end of ulna
381
pronator quadratus - insertion
anterior distal end of radius
382
pronator quadratus - action
rotates forearm medially; pronates forearm and hand
383
pronator quadratus - nerve supply
median nerve
384
flexor carpi radialis - origin
medial epicondyole of humerus
385
flexor carpi radialis - insertion
base of second and third metacarpals
386
flexor carpi radialis - action
flexes wrist and abducts hand
387
flexor carpi radialis - nerve supply
median nerve
388
flexor carpi ulnaris - origin
medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna
389
flexor carpi ulnaris - insertion
carpal and meteacarpal bones
390
flexor carpi ulnaris - action
flexes wrist and adducts hand
391
flexor carpi ulnaris - nerve supply
ulnar nerve
392
palmaris longus - origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
393
palmaris longus - insertion
fascia of palm
394
palmaris longus - action
flexes wrist
395
palmaris longus - nerve suply
median nerve
396
flexor digitorum profundus - origin
anterior and medial surface of ulna
397
flexor digitorum profundus - insertion
distal palanges of fingers 2-5
398
flexor digitorum profundus - action
flexes wrist and joints of fingers
399
flexor digitorum profundus - nerve supply
median and ulnar nerves
400
flexor digitorum superficialis - origin
medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and radius
401
flexor digitorum superficialis- insertion
tendons of figners
402
flexor digitorum superficialis- action
flexes wrist and joint of fingers
403
flexor digitorum superficialis-nerve supply
median nerve
404
extensor carpi radalis longus - origin
lateral end of humerus
405
extensor carpi radalis longus - insertion
base of second metacarpal
406
extensor carpi radalis longus - action
extends wrist and abducts hand
407
extensor carpi radalis longus - nerve supply
radial nerve
408
extensor carpi radialis brevis - origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
409
extensor carpi radialis brevis - insertion
base of thord metacarpal
410
extensor carpi radialis brevis - action
extends wrist and abducts hand
411
extensor carpi radialis brevis - nerve supply
radial nerve
412
extensor carpi ulnaris - origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal, posterior ulna
413
extensor carpi ulnaris - insertion
base of fifth metacarpal
414
extensor carpi ulnaris - action
extends wrist and adducts hand
415
extensor carpi ulnaris - nerve supply
radial nerve
416
extensor digitorum - origin
lateal epicondyle of humerus
417
extensor digitorum - insertion
posterior surface of phalanges in fingers 2-5
418
extensor digitorum - action
extends joints of fingers
419
extensor digitorum - nerve supply
radial nerve
420
external oblique - origin
outer surfaces of lower 8 ribs
421
external oblique - insertion
outer lip of iliac crest and linea alba
422
external oblique - action
compresses abdomen, flesxes and rotates vertebral column
423
external oblique - nerve supply
intercostal nerves 7-12
424
internal oblique - origin
iliac crest and inguinal ligament
425
internal oblique - insertion
lower 3-4 ribs, linea alba, and crest of pubis
426
internal oblique - action
compresses abdomen, flexes and rotates vertebral column
427
internal oblique - nerve supply
intercostal nerves 7-12
428
transversus abdominis - origin
costal cartilages of lower 6 ribs, processes of lumbar vertebrae, lip of iliac crest, and inguinal liament
429
transversus abdominis - insertion
linea alba and crest of pubis
430
transversus abdominis - action
compresses, abdomen, flexes and rotates vertebral colbumn
431
transversus abdominis - nerve supply
intercostal nerves 7-12
432
rectus abdominis - origin
crest of pubis and pubic symphysis
433
rectus abdominis - insertion
xiphoid process of sternum and ribs 5-7
434
rectus abdominis - action
compresses, abdomen, flexes vertebral column
435
rectus abdominis - nerve supply
intercostal nerves 7-12
436
levator ani - origin
pubis and ischial spine
437
levator ani - insertion
coccyx
438
levator ani - action
supports pelvic , viscera and compresses anal canal
439
levator ani - nerve supply
pudendal nerve
440
coccygeus - origin
ischial spine
441
coccygeus - insertion
sacrum and coccyx
442
coccygeus - action
supports pelvic visceraa and provides sphincter-like action in anal canal and vagina
443
coccygeus - nerve supply
S4 and S5 nerves
444
superficial transverus perinei - origin
ischial tuberosity
445
superficial transverus perinei - insertion
central tendon
446
superficial transverus perinei - action
support pelvic viscera
447
superficial transverus perinei - nerve supply
pudendal nerve
448
bulbospongiosus - origin
central tendon
449
bulbospongiosus - insertion
males: corpus cavernosa of penis females: carpus cavernosa of clitoris
450
bulbospongiosus - action
males: assist emptying of urethra and assists in erection of penis females: constricts vagina and assists in errection of clitoris
451
bulbospongiosus - nerve supply
pudendal nerve
452
ischiocavernosus - origin
ischial tuberosity
453
ischiocavernosus - insertion
males: corpus cavernosa of penis females: corpus cavernosa of clitoris
454
ischiocavernosus - ACTION
males: contributes to erection of the penis females: contributes to erection of the clitoris
455
ischiocavernosus - nerve supply
pudendal nerve
456
external urethral sphincter - - origin
margins of publs and ischum
457
external urethral sphincter - - insertion
fibers of each side unite with those from other side and encircle urethra
458
external urethral sphincter - - action
closes urethra
459
external urethral sphincter - - nerve supply
pudendal nerve
460
external anal sphincter - origin
coccyx and central tendon
461
external anal sphincter - insertion
some circular fibers as well as some fibers from each side with those from the other side and encircle anal canal
462
external anal sphincter - aaction
closes anal canal
463
external anal sphincter - nerve supply
pudenal nerve
464
psoas major - origin
bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
465
psoas major - insertion
less trochanter of femur
466
psoas major - action
flexes hip
467
psoas major - nerve supply
braches of l1-3 nerves
468
iliacus - origin
iliac fossa of ilium
469
iliacus - insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
470
iliacus - action
flexes hip
471
iliacus - nerve supply
femoral nerve
472
gluteus maximus - ORIGIN
SACRUM, COCCyx, and posteiror surface of illium
473
gluteus maximus - insertion
posterior surface of femur and fascia of thigh
474
gluteus maximus - action
extends hip
475
gluteus maximus - nerve supply
inferior gluteal nerve
476
gluteus medius - origin
lateral surface of ilium
477
gluteus medius - insertion
greater trochanter of femur
478
gluteus medius - action
abducts and rotates thigh medially
479
gluteus medius - nerve supply
superior gluteal nerve
480
gluteus minimus - origin
lateral surface of ilium
481
gluteus minimus - insertion
greater trocanter of femur
482
gluteus minimus - action
abducts and rotates thigh medially
483
gluteus minimus - nerve supply
superior gluteal nerve
484
piriformis - origin
anterior surface of sacrum
485
piriformis - insertion
greater trochanter of femur
486
piriformis - action
abducts and rotates thigh laterally
487
piriformis - nerve supply
L5, S1, and S2 nerves
488
tensor fasciae latae - origin
anterior iliac crest
489
tensor fasciae latae - insertion
iliotibial tract (fascia on thigh)
490
tensor fasciae latae - action
abducts thihg, fexes hip, and rotates thigh medially
491
tensor fasciae latae - nerve supply
super gluteal nerve
492
pectineus - origin
spine of pubis
493
pectineus - insertion
femur distal to lesser trochanter
494
pectineus - action
flexes hip and adducts thigh
495
pectineus - nerve supply
obturator and femoral nerves
496
adductor brevis - origin
pubic bone
497
adductor brevis - insertion
posterior surface of femur
498
adductor brevis - action
adducts thigh and flexes hip
499
adductor brevis - nerve supply
obturator nerve
500
adductor longus - origin
pubic bone near pubic symphysis
501
adductor longus - insertion
posterior surface of femur
502
adductor longus - action
adducts thigh and flexes hip
503
adductor longus - nerve supply
obturator nerve
504
adductor magnus - origin
ischial tuberosity
505
adductor longus - insertion
posterior surface of femur
506
adductor longus - action
adducts thigh, posterior portion extends and anterior portion flexes hip
507
adductor longus - nerve supply
obturator and branch of sciatic nerves
508
gracilis - origin
lower edge of pubic symphysis
509
gracilis - insertion
proximal , medial surface of tibia
510
gracilis - action
adducts thigh and flexes knee
511
gracilis - nerve supply
obturator nerve
512
biceps femoris - origin
ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
513
biceps femoris - insertion
head of fibular
514
biceps femoris - action
flexes knee, rotates leg laterally, and extends hip
515
biceps femoris - nerve supply
tibial nerve
516
semitendinosus - origin
ischial tuberosity
517
semitendinosus - insertion
proximal, medial surface of tibia
518
semitendinosus - action
flexes knee, rotates leg medially, and extends hip
519
semitendinosus - nerve supply
tibial nerve
520
semimembranosus - origin
ischial tuberosity
521
semimembranosus - insertion
medial condyle of tibia
522
semimembranosus - action
flexes knee, rotates leg medially, and extends hip
523
semimembranosus - nerve supply
tibial nerve
524
sartorius - origin
anterior superior iliac spine
525
sartorius - insertion
medial surface of tibia
526
sartorius - action
flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotates thigh laterally, and rotates leg medially
527
sartorius - nerve supply
femoral nerve
528
rectus femoris - origin
anterior superior iliac spine and margin of acetabulum
529
rectus femoris - insertion
patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
530
rectus femoris - action
extends knee, flexes hip
531
rectus femoris - nerve supply
femoral nerve
532
vastuc lateralis - origin
greater trochanter and posterior surface of femur
533
vastuc lateralis - insertion
patella by tendon, which contineues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
534
vastuc lateralis - action
extends knee
535
vastuc lateralis - nerve supply
femoral nerve
536
vastus medialis - origin
medial surface of femur
537
vastus medialis - insertion
patella by tendon, which continues as paterllar ligament to tibial tuberosity
538
vastus medialis - action
extends knee
539
vastus medialis - nerve supply
femoral nerve
540
vastus intermedius - origin
anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
541
vastus intermedius - insertion
patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
542
vastus intermedius - action
extends knee
543
vastus intermedius - nerve supply
femoral nerve
544
tibialis anterior - origin
lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia
545
tibialis anterior - insertion
tarsal bone and first metatarsal
546
tibialis anterior - action
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
547
tibialis anterior - nerve supply
deep fibular nerve
548
fibularis tertius - origin
anterior surface of fibula
549
fibularis tertius - insertion
sorsal surface ofifth metatarsal
550
fibularis tertius - action
dorsiflecion and eversion of foot
551
fibularis tertius - nerve supply
deep fibular nerve
552
extensor ditorum longus - origin
lateral condyle of tibia and anterior surface of fibula
553
extensor ditorum longus - insertion
dorsal surface sof middle and distal phalanges of four lateral toes
554
extensor ditorum longus - action
dorsiflexion of foot, extends toes
555
extensor ditorum longus - nerve s upply
deep fibular nerve
556
extensor halluces longus - origin
anterior surface of fibula
557
extensor halluces longus - insertion
distal phalanx of the great toe
558
extensor halluces longus - action
extends great toe, dorsiflexio and inerstion of foot
559
extensor halluces longus - nerve supply
deep fibular nerve
560
gastrocnemius - origin
lateral and medial condyles of femur
561
gastrocnemius - insertion
posteior surface of calcaneus
562
gastrocnemius - action
plantar flexion of foot , flexes knee
563
gastrocnemius - nerve supply
tibial nerv
564
soleus - origin
head and shaft of fibula nad posterior surface of tibia
565
soleus - insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus
566
soleus - action
platar flexion of foot
567
soleus - nerve supply
tibial nerve
568
plantaris - origin
femur
569
plantaris - insertion
calcaneus
570
plantaris - action
platar flexion of foot, flexes knee
571
plantaris - nerve suply
tibial nerve
572
flexor digorum longus - origin
posterior surface of tibia
573
flexor digorum longus - insertion
distal phalanges of four lateral toes
574
flexor digorum longus - action
platar flexion and inversion of food, flexes four lateral toes
575
flexor digorum longus - nerve supply
tibial nerve
576
tibialis posterior - origin
lateral condyle and posterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of fibula
577
tibialis posterior - insertion
tarsal and first metatarsal
578
tibialis posterior - action
plantar flexiona nd inversion fo foot
579
tibialis posterior - nerve supply
tibial nerve
580
fibularis longs - origin
lateral condyle of tibia and head an dshift of fibula
581
fibularis longs - insertion
tarsal bone and first metatarsal
582
fibularis longs - action
platar flexion and eversion of foot, also supports arch
583
fibularis longs - nerve supply
superficial fibular nerve
584
what starts to decline starting in the 40s
myoglobin, atp and creatine phosphate
585
by age 80, almost half of muscle mass has
atrophied

A&P I (33 decks)

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