Chapter 1 PPT Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the structure/morphology of the human
body and its parts; derived from Greek for “a cutting up”
Physiology
The
study of the functions of the human body and
its parts; derived from Greek for “relationship to nature”
Subatomic Particles
protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up cells
Atom
tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)
Molecule
: particles consisting of atoms joined together (water, glucose)
Macromolecule
: large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, PRotein)
ORganelle
: functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome)
Cell
: basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)
Tissue
: layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue)
ORgan
: group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)
Organ System
: group of organs with common function (digestive system)
Organism
: composed of organ systems interacting (human)
Ultrasound
High-frequency sound waves that provide images of soft internal structures; used to obtain sonogram of fetus in the uterus.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic
field changes
alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-
resolution images of internal structures, such as the
brain.
Movement
Change in position of the body or of a
body part; motion of an internal organ
Responsiveness
Reaction to a change inside or outside the body
Growth
Increase in body size without change in shape
Reproduction
Production of new organisms and new cells
Respiration
Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration)
Digestion
Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used
Absorption
Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
Circulation
Movement of substances in body fluids
Assimilation
Changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms
Excretion
Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions