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A&P I > Chapter 1 PPT > Flashcards

Chapter 1 PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure/morphology of the human

body and its parts; derived from Greek for “a cutting up”

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The
study of the functions of the human body and
its parts; derived from Greek for “relationship to nature”

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3
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up cells

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4
Q

Atom

A

tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)

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5
Q

Molecule

A

: particles consisting of atoms joined together (water, glucose)

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6
Q

Macromolecule

A

: large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, PRotein)

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7
Q

ORganelle

A

: functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome)

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8
Q

Cell

A

: basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)

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9
Q

Tissue

A

: layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue)

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10
Q

ORgan

A

: group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)

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11
Q

Organ System

A

: group of organs with common function (digestive system)

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12
Q

Organism

A

: composed of organ systems interacting (human)

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13
Q

Ultrasound

A 
High-frequency 
sound waves that provide 
images of soft internal structures; used to obtain sonogram of 
fetus in the 
uterus.
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14
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

Magnetic
field changes
alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-
resolution images of internal structures, such as the
brain.

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15
Q

Movement

A

Change in position of the body or of a

body part; motion of an internal organ

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16
Q

Responsiveness

A

Reaction to a change inside or outside the body

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17
Q

Growth

A

Increase in body size without change in shape

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18
Q

Reproduction

A

Production of new organisms and new cells

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19
Q

Respiration

A

Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration)

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20
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used

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21
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

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22
Q

Circulation

A

Movement of substances in body fluids

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23
Q

Assimilation

A

Changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms

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24
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions

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25
Q

What are the five environmental factors?

A

WAter, Food, Heat, Pressure, Oxygen

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26
Q

Water

A

most abundant substance in body.
environment for metabolic processes.
required for transport of substances.
regulation of body temperature.

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27
Q

Food

A

provides necessary nutrients.
supplies energy.
supplies raw materials for building living tissue.

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28
Q

Oxygen

A

one-fifth of air.

used to release energy from nutrients.

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29
Q

Heat

A

heat is a form of energy in our environment.
helps maintain body temperature.
partly controls rate of metabolic reactions.

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30
Q

Pressure

A

application of force on an object.
atmospheric pressure – important for breathing.
hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing.

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31
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

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32
Q

Homeostatic Mechanisms

A

Self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed

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33
Q

Receptor

A

detects and provides information about the stimuli

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34
Q

Control Center

A

: decision-maker that maintains the set point

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35
Q

Effector

A

muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment

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36
Q

Three parts of the homeostatic mechanicms?

A

Receptor, Control Center, Effector

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37
Q

Negtive Feedback

A

Most common type of homeostatic mechanic.

Return condiitons toward normal range

Negative because the response to the change moves the variable in the opposite direction

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38
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Uncommon in the body

Change is intensified

Produce unstable condiitons

Examples: Blood Clotting, And the Uterine Contractions of Childbirth

39
Q

Two major portions of the body?

A

Axial and Appendicular Potion

40
Q

Axial Portion

A

Head, Trunk, Neck

41
Q

Appendicular Portion

A

Upper and lwoer limbs

42
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Houses Brain

43
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

COntains spinal corrd

44
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Houses lung and thoracic viscera

45
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Contains abdominal and Pelvic viscera

46
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

47
Q

Meiastinum

A

Region between lungs in thoracic cavity, which contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland

48
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity contains 2 portions

A

Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

49
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis, and contains stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys small intestine, most of large intestine

50
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

enclosed by pelvic bones, and contains end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

51
Q

Small cavities in the head

A

oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities

52
Q

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined by…

A

double-layered serous membrane, which secrete serous fluid

53
Q

Serous membrane consists of 2 layers

A

Visceral layer and parietal layer

54
Q

Visceral layer

A

inner layer, covers an organ

55
Q

Partietal layer

A

outler layer, which lines wall of cavity

56
Q

Integumentary System

A

Protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, production of Vitamin D

57
Q

Skeletal System

A

Framework, protection, attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, support and movement

58
Q

Muscular System

A

Movement, main source of body heat, maintenance of posture.

59
Q

Nervous and Endocrine System

A

Integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones

60
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells and wastes

61
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, body defense

62
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells and wastes

63
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, body defense

64
Q

Digestive System

A

Receives food, breaks down food, excretes waste

65
Q

REspiratory System

A

Exchange of gases

66
Q

Urinary System

A

Removes blood wastes, regulates electrolyte & water balance, blood pressure

67
Q

Reproductive System

A

Male and female systems produce and transport sex cells. Female also provides fetal development and childbirth.

68
Q

Integumentary - Major Organs

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

69
Q

Integumentary - Major Functions

A

Protect tissues, regulate body temperature, support sensory receptors

70
Q

Skeletal - Major Organs

A

Bones, ligaments, cartilages

71
Q

Skeletal - Major Functions

A

Provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts

72
Q

Muscular - Major Organs

A

Muscles

73
Q

Muscular - Major Functions

A

Cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat

74
Q

Nervous - Major Organs

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

75
Q

Nervous - Major Functions

A

Detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands

76
Q

Endocrine - Major Organs

A

Glands that secrete hormones (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus)

77
Q

Endocrine - Major Functions

A

Control metabolic activities of body structures

78
Q

Cardiovascular - Major Organs

A

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

79
Q

Cardiovascular - Major Functions

A

Move blood through blood vessels and transport substances throughout body

80
Q

Lymphatic - Major Organs

A

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

81
Q

Lymphatic - Major Functions

A

Return tissue fluid to the blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection

82
Q

Digestive - Major Organs

A

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines

83
Q

Digestive - Major Functions

A

Receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed material

84
Q

REspiratory - Major Organs

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

85
Q

Respiratory - Major Functions

A

Intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood

86
Q

Urinary - Major Organs

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

87
Q

Urinary - Major Functions

A

Remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and eliminate urine

88
Q

Reeproductive - Major Organs

A

Male: scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva

89
Q

Reproductive - Major Functions

A

Produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract Produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo, and function in birth process

90
Q

Sagittal Section

A

longitudinal cut that divides body into left and right portions

91
Q

Mid-Sagittal/Median Section

A

divides body into equal left and right portions

92
Q

Parasagittal Section

A

sagittal section lateral to midline; divides body into unequal left and right portions

93
Q

Transverse or Horizontal Section

A

divides body into superior and inferior portions

94
Q

Coronal or Frontal Section

A

longitudinal cut that divides body into anterior and posterior portions

A&P I (33 decks)

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