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A&P I > Chapter 2.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has weight and takes up space. This includes all solids, liquids, and gases in our surroundings as well as in our bodies

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2
Q

Atom

A

smallest particle of an element that has properties of that element

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3
Q

Elements

A

The simpliest examples of matter with specific chemical properties

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4
Q

COmpounds

A

Some elements exist in a pure form, but these and other elements are more commonly parts of chemical combinations

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5
Q

Bulk elements

A

elements the body requires in large amount - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

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6
Q

Trace Elements

A

Elements required in small amounts

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7
Q

Ultratrace elements

A

some elements that are toxic in large amounts, but may be vital in very small amounts

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8
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Some atoms can combine with atoms like themselves or with other atoms by forming attractions

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

A central portion of an atom

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10
Q

Electrons

A

One or more that constantly move around the nucleus

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11
Q

Protons/Neutrons

A

Are equal in weight but have different electrical properties.

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12
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the atoms of an element

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13
Q

Atomic Weight

A

The number of protons plus the number of neurtons in each of an elements atoms

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14
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms that have same atomic number but different atomic weights.

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15
Q

Three common forms of atomic radiation

A

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma

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16
Q

Beta radiation consists..

A

of much smaller particles that travel faster and more deeply penetrate

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17
Q

Alpha radiation consists

A

of particles from atomic nuclei , each of which includes two protons and neutrons

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18
Q

Gamma Rradiation consists of

A

a form of energy similar to x-radiation and is most penetrating form of atomic radiation

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19
Q

Molecules

A

Two or more atoms may combine to form a distinctive type of particle

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20
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Shorthand used to depict the numebr and types of atoms in a molecule.

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21
Q

Bonds

A

Atoms combining with other aroms by forming links. Chemical bonds result from interaction of electrons.

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22
Q

Octet Rule

A

Atoms react in a way that leaves the outermost shell completely filled with electrons, achieving a more stable structure

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23
Q

Inert

A

When the outermost electron shells are filled, already have stable structures and are chemicall inactive

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24
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged

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25
Q

Cations

A

Postively charged ions

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26
Q

Anions

A

negatively charged ions

27
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Ions with opposite charges attract

28
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A chemical bond between aotoms that share electrons

29
Q

Polar Bond

A

Unlike an ion, a polar molecule has an equal number of protons and electrons but more of the electrons are at one end of the molecule making that end slightly negative while the other end of the molecule is slightly positive.

30
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecular to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule

31
Q

Synthesis

A

When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules bond to form a more complex sturcture as when hydrogen and oxygen atoms bond to form molecules of water, the reaction is called synthesis

32
Q

Decomposition

A

If the bonds of a reactant molecule break to form simpler molecules, atoms or ions if the reaction

33
Q

Exchange Reaction

A

Parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bondsa re formed

34
Q

Reversible Reaction

A

This means the product or products can be changed back to the reactant or reactants

35
Q

Catalysts

A

Are molecules that influence the rates of chemical reactions but are not consumed in the process

36
Q

Dissociate

A

When ionically bound substances are placed inw ater, the ions are attracted to the positive and negative ends of the water molecules and tend to leave each other or dissociate

37
Q

Acids

A

Electrolyte that dissociate to release hydrogen ions inw ater

38
Q

Bases

A

Substances that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions

39
Q

Salts

A

Bases can react with acids to neutralize them, forming water and electrolytes

40
Q

Acidic

A

Solutions with more hydrogen ions

41
Q

Basic (Alkaline)

A

solutions with fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions, pH values greater than 7

42
Q

Alkalemia?

A

Blood pH of 7.5 to 7.8

43
Q

Alkalosis?

A

Makes one feel agitated and dizzy.

44
Q

Acidemia

A

Occurs when the blood pH falls to 7.0 to 7.3.

45
Q

Acidosis

A

Makes one feel disoriented and fatigued, and breathing may become difficult.

46
Q

Buffers

A

chemicals that resist pH change

47
Q

Organic Compounds

A

have carbon and hydrogen

48
Q

inorganic compounds

A

anything thats not organic

49
Q

Electrolytes

A

Inorganic susbtances usually dissolve in water and dissociate forming ions

50
Q

Nonelectrolytes

A

Most organic compounds that dissolve in water do not release ions

51
Q

Solvent

A

A substance in which other susbtances dissolve. WAter is an important solvent

52
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved ina solvent, such as water

53
Q

Solution

A

The combination of a colvent and any solutes dissolved

54
Q

Organelles use oxygen to

A

release energy from nutrient molecules

55
Q

CO2

A

is a cimple carbon-containing inorganic compound. It is a waste product of the release of energy during certain metabolic reactions

56
Q

Organic Substances

A

Important groups of chemical chemicals in cells including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

57
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provide much of the energy that cells require. They also supply materials to build certain cell structures and they often are stored as reserve energy supplies. Water-soluble. Often have twice as many hydrogen as oxygen.

58
Q

Simple carbohydrates are

A

sugars

include monosaccharides and disaccharides

59
Q

Monosaccharides may include

A

three to seven carbons in a straight chain or ring.

60
Q

Disaccharides consist of

A

two simple sugar building blocks

61
Q

Polyssaccharides

A

Complex carbohydrates. Built of simple carbohydrates linked to form larger molecules of different sizes. An example is cellulose.

62
Q

Electrolyes

A

A solution that has electrically charged particles (ions), so it conducts an electric current. Substances that release ions in water are this

63
Q

pH scale measures?

A

Hydrogen ion concentration

A&P I (33 decks)

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