Chapter 8 PPT Flashcards
1
Q
joints are functional
A
junctions between bones
2
Q
joints bind
A
parts of skeletal system together
3
Q
joints make
A
bone growth possible
4
Q
joints permit parts of the skeleton to
A
change shape during childbirth
5
Q
joints enable thebody to
A
move in response to skeletal muscle contractions
6
Q
what are the structural classification of joints?
A
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
7
Q
what are the functional classification of joints
A
synarthortic (immovable)
amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)
diarthortic (freely moveable)
8
Q
types of fibrous joints?
A
syndesmosis
suture
homphosis
9
Q
Syndesmosis bones bound by
A
a sheet of dense connective tissue or a bundle of dense connectivetissue
10
Q
syndesmosis fibrous joints are
A
amphiathrotic (flexible, may twist)
11
Q
syndesmosis fibrous joints lie between
A
tibia and fibula
12
Q
suture fibrous joints are between
A
flat bones of skull
13
Q
suture fibrous joints contain a
A
thin layer of connective tissue to connects bone
14
Q
suture fibrous joints are
A
synarthortic (immoveable)
15
Q
gomphosis fibrous joints description
A
cone-shaped bony process I a socket in awbone .
16
Q
gomphosis fibrous joint located in
A
tooth in jawbone by periodontal ligament
17
Q
gomphosis fibrous joints are
A
synarthortic (immoveable)
18
Q
cartilaginous joints are connected by
A
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
19
Q
cartilaginous joints type
A
synchondrosis and symphysis
20
Q
synchondrosis feature bands of
A
hyaline cartilage that unite bones
21
Q
synchondrosis - some are temporary such as
A
epiphyseal plate
22
Q
synchondrosis located between
A
manubrium and first rib
23
Q
symphysis is a pad of
A
fibrocartilage between bones
24
Q
symphysis articular surfaces covered by
A
hyaline cartilage
25
symphysis has what type of movement?
amphiathrotic (limited movement)
26
symphysis located where?
pubic symphysis
27
symphysis is a joint between
bodies of adjacent vertebrae (intervertebral discs)
28
Most joints are
synovial joints
29
All joints are
diarthrotic joints
30
structure of synovial joint - articular cartilage covers
articular ends of bones
31
structure of synovial joint - joint capsule consists of what 2 layers
out fibrous layer , composed of ligaments
inner layer, synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid
32
what parts do synovial joints contain?
```
articular cartilage
joint capsule
ligaments
synovial membrane, cavity, and fluid
Meniscus in some joints
bursa in some joints
```
33
What types of synovial joints are there?
```
Ball-And-Socket Joint
Condylar Joint
Plane Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Saddle Joint
```
34
Ball-And Socket Joint also called a
Spheroidal Joint
35
Ball-And Socket Joint form a
round head in cup-shaped cavity
36
Ball-And Socket Joint motion
widest range of motion
37
Ball-And Socket Joint axis movement
multiaxial, plus rotation
38
Ball-And Socket Joint location
hip and shoulder
39
Condylar Joint also called
ellipsoidal joint
40
Condylar Joint form a
oval condyle fits into elliptical cavity
41
Condylar Joint movement
back and forth, side to side
42
Condylar Joint axis movement
biaxial movement, no rotation
43
Condylar Joint location
located between metacarpals and phalanges
44
Plane Joint also called
gliding joint
45
Plane Joint description
also flat, or slightly curved
46
Plane Joint motion
back and forth and twisting
47
Plane Joint movement
nonaxial movement
48
Plane Joint location
wrist and ankle joints
49
Hinge Joint description
convex surface fits into concave surface of other bone
50
Hinge Joint movement
uniaxial movement (in 1 plane)
51
Hinge Joint located in
elbow, joints between phalanges
52
Pivot Joint also called
trochoid joint
53
Pivot Joint description
cylindrical surface rotates within ring of other bone
54
Pivot Joint axial movement
uniaxial movement
55
Pivot Joint rotation
rotation only
56
Pivot Joint location
Atlas (C1) and the dens of Axis (C2)
57
Saddle Joint also called
sellar joint
58
Saddle Joint description
both bones have concave and convex surfaces
59
Saddle Joint axis movement
biaxial movement (in 2 planes)
60
Saddle Joint location
carpal and metacarpals of thumb
61
relatively fixed end of a skeletal muscle is called
origin
62
more moveable end of a skeletal muscle is called the
insertion
63
what kind of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?
ball and socket
64
what makes up the shoulder joint?
head of humerus, and glenoid cavity of scapula
65
what kind of capsule makes up shoulder joint?
loose joint
66
shoulder joint- ligaments prevent
displacement
67
shoulder joint movement
very wide range of movement, including rotation and circumduction
68
Major ligaments of shoulder joint?
coracohumeral
Glenohumeral
Transverse Humeral
69
elbow joint contains what 2 articulations
Hinge Joint
| Plane Joint
70
Elbow Joint - Hinge Joint location
between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
71
elbow joint - Hinge joint movement
flexion / extension only
72
elbow join - plane joint location
between capitulum of humerus and fovea on head of radius
73
elbow joint - plane joint movement
pronation / supination
74
elbow joint - plane joint contains several
reinforcing ligaments
75
major ligaments of elbow joint
radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligement
anular ligament
76
hip joint contains what type of synovial joint?
ball and socket joint
77
hip joint location
head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
78
hip joint movement
variety of movement, yet less than shoulder joint
79
major ligaments in hip joint
iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in body)
Pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
80
what type of materials are used to replace joints damaged by arthritis or injury?
synthetic
81
what is used to replace larger joints?
steel and titanium
82
what is used to replace smaller joints?
silicone, and some are ceramic
83
knee joint is
the largest and most complex joint
84
knee joint contains what three bones?
femur , tibia, patella
85
knee joint - femur location
medial and lateral condyles of distal end
86
knee joint - tibia location
medial and lateral condyles of proximal end
87
knee joint - patella location
articulates with anterior surface of femur
88
knee joint cushioned by
bursae, fat pads
89
knee joint joint type
modified hinge joint between condyles
90
knee joint movement
flexion/extension
91
knee joint rotation
some rotation when knee is flexed
92
knee joint - plane joint between
femur and patella
93
what are sprains?
tearing of connective tissue in joint, without bone dislocation
94
what is bursitis
inflammation of a bursa , from overuse or stress
95
what is arthritis
inflammation, swelling and pain in a joint
96
what is rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease
97
what is osteoarthritis
degenerative, most common type, occurs with aging
98
what is lyme arthritis
caused by Lyme disease, passed through tick bite
99
Moving a part away from the midline of the body is
abduction
100
Moving a part toward the midline of the body is
adduction
101
Decreasing the angle between two parts at a joint is
flexion
102
Increasing the angle between two parts at a joint is
extension
103
Movement at the ankle that decreases the angle between the foot and shin is
dorsiflection
104
Movement at the ankle that increases the angle between the foot shin is
plantar flexion
105
When a part moves on its axis it is
rotation
106
Circumduction is moving a part in a
circular motion
107
Turning the palm upward by rotating the forearm is
supination
108
Turning the palm downward by rotating the forearm is
pronation
109
Moving the sole of the foot to a lateral facing is
eversion
110
Moving the sole of the foot to a medial facing is
inversion
111
. Forward movement of a part is
protractions
112
backward movement of a part is
protraction
