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A&P I > Chapter 8 PPT > Flashcards

Chapter 8 PPT Flashcards

1
Q

joints are functional

A

junctions between bones

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2
Q

joints bind

A

parts of skeletal system together

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3
Q

joints make

A

bone growth possible

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4
Q

joints permit parts of the skeleton to

A

change shape during childbirth

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5
Q

joints enable thebody to

A

move in response to skeletal muscle contractions

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6
Q

what are the structural classification of joints?

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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7
Q

what are the functional classification of joints

A

synarthortic (immovable)
amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)
diarthortic (freely moveable)

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8
Q

types of fibrous joints?

A

syndesmosis
suture
homphosis

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9
Q

Syndesmosis bones bound by

A

a sheet of dense connective tissue or a bundle of dense connectivetissue

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10
Q

syndesmosis fibrous joints are

A

amphiathrotic (flexible, may twist)

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11
Q

syndesmosis fibrous joints lie between

A

tibia and fibula

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12
Q

suture fibrous joints are between

A

flat bones of skull

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13
Q

suture fibrous joints contain a

A

thin layer of connective tissue to connects bone

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14
Q

suture fibrous joints are

A

synarthortic (immoveable)

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15
Q

gomphosis fibrous joints description

A

cone-shaped bony process I a socket in awbone .

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16
Q

gomphosis fibrous joint located in

A

tooth in jawbone by periodontal ligament

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17
Q

gomphosis fibrous joints are

A

synarthortic (immoveable)

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18
Q

cartilaginous joints are connected by

A

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

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19
Q

cartilaginous joints type

A

synchondrosis and symphysis

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20
Q

synchondrosis feature bands of

A

hyaline cartilage that unite bones

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21
Q

synchondrosis - some are temporary such as

A

epiphyseal plate

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22
Q

synchondrosis located between

A

manubrium and first rib

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23
Q

symphysis is a pad of

A

fibrocartilage between bones

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24
Q

symphysis articular surfaces covered by

A

hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

symphysis has what type of movement?

A

amphiathrotic (limited movement)

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26
Q

symphysis located where?

A

pubic symphysis

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27
Q

symphysis is a joint between

A

bodies of adjacent vertebrae (intervertebral discs)

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28
Q

Most joints are

A

synovial joints

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29
Q

All joints are

A

diarthrotic joints

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30
Q

structure of synovial joint - articular cartilage covers

A

articular ends of bones

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31
Q

structure of synovial joint - joint capsule consists of what 2 layers

A

out fibrous layer , composed of ligaments

inner layer, synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid

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32
Q

what parts do synovial joints contain?

A 
articular cartilage
joint capsule
ligaments
synovial membrane, cavity, and fluid
Meniscus in some joints
bursa in some joints
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33
Q

What types of synovial joints are there?

A 
Ball-And-Socket Joint
Condylar Joint
Plane Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Saddle Joint
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34
Q

Ball-And Socket Joint also called a

A

Spheroidal Joint

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35
Q

Ball-And Socket Joint form a

A

round head in cup-shaped cavity

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36
Q

Ball-And Socket Joint motion

A

widest range of motion

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37
Q

Ball-And Socket Joint axis movement

A

multiaxial, plus rotation

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38
Q

Ball-And Socket Joint location

A

hip and shoulder

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39
Q

Condylar Joint also called

A

ellipsoidal joint

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40
Q

Condylar Joint form a

A

oval condyle fits into elliptical cavity

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41
Q

Condylar Joint movement

A

back and forth, side to side

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42
Q

Condylar Joint axis movement

A

biaxial movement, no rotation

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43
Q

Condylar Joint location

A

located between metacarpals and phalanges

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44
Q

Plane Joint also called

A

gliding joint

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45
Q

Plane Joint description

A

also flat, or slightly curved

46
Q

Plane Joint motion

A

back and forth and twisting

47
Q

Plane Joint movement

A

nonaxial movement

48
Q

Plane Joint location

A

wrist and ankle joints

49
Q

Hinge Joint description

A

convex surface fits into concave surface of other bone

50
Q

Hinge Joint movement

A

uniaxial movement (in 1 plane)

51
Q

Hinge Joint located in

A

elbow, joints between phalanges

52
Q

Pivot Joint also called

A

trochoid joint

53
Q

Pivot Joint description

A

cylindrical surface rotates within ring of other bone

54
Q

Pivot Joint axial movement

A

uniaxial movement

55
Q

Pivot Joint rotation

A

rotation only

56
Q

Pivot Joint location

A

Atlas (C1) and the dens of Axis (C2)

57
Q

Saddle Joint also called

A

sellar joint

58
Q

Saddle Joint description

A

both bones have concave and convex surfaces

59
Q

Saddle Joint axis movement

A

biaxial movement (in 2 planes)

60
Q

Saddle Joint location

A

carpal and metacarpals of thumb

61
Q

relatively fixed end of a skeletal muscle is called

A

origin

62
Q

more moveable end of a skeletal muscle is called the

A

insertion

63
Q

what kind of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?

A

ball and socket

64
Q

what makes up the shoulder joint?

A

head of humerus, and glenoid cavity of scapula

65
Q

what kind of capsule makes up shoulder joint?

A

loose joint

66
Q

shoulder joint- ligaments prevent

A

displacement

67
Q

shoulder joint movement

A

very wide range of movement, including rotation and circumduction

68
Q

Major ligaments of shoulder joint?

A

coracohumeral
Glenohumeral
Transverse Humeral

69
Q

elbow joint contains what 2 articulations

A

Hinge Joint

Plane Joint

70
Q

Elbow Joint - Hinge Joint location

A

between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

71
Q

elbow joint - Hinge joint movement

A

flexion / extension only

72
Q

elbow join - plane joint location

A

between capitulum of humerus and fovea on head of radius

73
Q

elbow joint - plane joint movement

A

pronation / supination

74
Q

elbow joint - plane joint contains several

A

reinforcing ligaments

75
Q

major ligaments of elbow joint

A

radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligement
anular ligament

76
Q

hip joint contains what type of synovial joint?

A

ball and socket joint

77
Q

hip joint location

A

head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone

78
Q

hip joint movement

A

variety of movement, yet less than shoulder joint

79
Q

major ligaments in hip joint

A

iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in body)
Pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

80
Q

what type of materials are used to replace joints damaged by arthritis or injury?

A

synthetic

81
Q

what is used to replace larger joints?

A

steel and titanium

82
Q

what is used to replace smaller joints?

A

silicone, and some are ceramic

83
Q

knee joint is

A

the largest and most complex joint

84
Q

knee joint contains what three bones?

A

femur , tibia, patella

85
Q

knee joint - femur location

A

medial and lateral condyles of distal end

86
Q

knee joint - tibia location

A

medial and lateral condyles of proximal end

87
Q

knee joint - patella location

A

articulates with anterior surface of femur

88
Q

knee joint cushioned by

A

bursae, fat pads

89
Q

knee joint joint type

A

modified hinge joint between condyles

90
Q

knee joint movement

A

flexion/extension

91
Q

knee joint rotation

A

some rotation when knee is flexed

92
Q

knee joint - plane joint between

A

femur and patella

93
Q

what are sprains?

A

tearing of connective tissue in joint, without bone dislocation

94
Q

what is bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa , from overuse or stress

95
Q

what is arthritis

A

inflammation, swelling and pain in a joint

96
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease

97
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

degenerative, most common type, occurs with aging

98
Q

what is lyme arthritis

A

caused by Lyme disease, passed through tick bite

99
Q

Moving a part away from the midline of the body is

A

abduction

100
Q

Moving a part toward the midline of the body is

A

adduction

101
Q

Decreasing the angle between two parts at a joint is

A

flexion

102
Q

Increasing the angle between two parts at a joint is

A

extension

103
Q

Movement at the ankle that decreases the angle between the foot and shin is

A

dorsiflection

104
Q

Movement at the ankle that increases the angle between the foot shin is

A

plantar flexion

105
Q

When a part moves on its axis it is

A

rotation

106
Q

Circumduction is moving a part in a

A

circular motion

107
Q

Turning the palm upward by rotating the forearm is

A

supination

108
Q

Turning the palm downward by rotating the forearm is

A

pronation

109
Q

Moving the sole of the foot to a lateral facing is

A

eversion

110
Q

Moving the sole of the foot to a medial facing is

A

inversion

111
Q

. Forward movement of a part is

A

protractions

112
Q

backward movement of a part is

A

protraction

A&P I (33 decks)

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