Chapter 3.4

Question 1

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 1

The series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides

Question 2

Stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Question 3

What happens during interphase?

Answer 3

The cell grows and maintains its routine functions as well as its contributions to the internal environment

Question 4

What is interphase divided into?

Answer 4

S, G1, and G2 phase

Question 5

What occurs during S phase?

Answer 5

Synthesis

Question 6

What does G1 and G2 stand for?

Answer 6

Stands for Gap or GRowth.

Question 7

Mitosis occurs in what type of cells?

Answer 7

Somatic, producing two daughter cells from an original cell that are genetically identical

Question 8

Each new cell from mitosis has a full complement of

Answer 8

46 chromosomes that is typical of humans.

Question 9

With the 46 chromosomes, there are

Answer 9

2 sets of 23 chromosomes, each inherited from each parent

Question 10

What is Meiosis?

Answer 10

A second form of cell division that occurs only in the cells that give rise to sex cells (sperm and oocyte).

Question 11

How many chromosomes in Meosis?

Answer 11

Half the chromosome number, only 23.

Question 12

Why only 23 chromosomes in Meiosis?

Answer 12

When the sperm fertilizes the egg, the total number of 46 chromosomes is restored

Question 13

What is Karyokinesis?

Answer 13

This means nuclear movement, and occurs when nuclear contents divide in mitosis

Question 14

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 14

Stands for cell movement, and the cytoplasm is apportioned into the two daughter cells

Question 15

What occurs during prophase?

Answer 15

Chromatin fibers condense, making the individual chromosomes visible under magnification. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatics, that are attached by a region on each called a centromere

Question 16

What do the centrioles do during prophase?

Answer 16

They move to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 17

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

Answer 17

The nuclear envelope and nucleolus break apart

Question 18

What happens in Metaphase?

Answer 18

Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres so that one chromatid attaches to one centromere and a fiber accompanying the other sister chromatic attaches to its centromere

Question 19

Chromosome location during Metaphase?

Answer 19

Aligned up approximately midway between the centrioles

Question 20

What occurs during Anaphase?

Answer 20

Centromeres of the chromatids separate and the sister chromatids are now considered individual chromosomes

Question 21

What occurs in telophase?

Answer 21

Chromosomes complete their migration toward the centrioles. Nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome set and nucleoli become visible within the new nuclei

Question 22

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 22

Begins during Anaphase when the cell membrane starts to constrict around the middle of the cell. Cleavage furrow continues to tighten throughout telophase and pinches of two cells from one