Chapter 3.2 Flashcards
The three major parts of a cell?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Nuclear Envelope
The nucleus is innermost and is enclosed by a thin membrane
Selectively Permeable
A membrane that controls the entrance and exit of substances, allowing some in while excluding others
Signal Transduction
When the cell membrane allows the cell to receive and respond to incoming messages
Cell membrane is mainly composed of roughly
equal numbers of lipid and protein molecules, with fewer carbohydrates
Basic framework of the cell membrane is
a double layer, or bilayer, of phospholipid molecules
Bilayers form so that
hydrophilic heads from intracellular and extracellular surfaces of the membrane, and hydrophobic tails make up the middle portion of the membrane
What can pass through the phospholipid bilayer easily?
Molecules soluble in lipids, such as oxygen, CO2, and steroid hormones
Integral Proteins
Form pores, channels, and carries in the cell membrane; transduce signals
Enzymes..
catalyze chemical reactions
cellular adhesion molecules
enable cells to stick to each other
Calcium Channels do what?
Chest Pain
Sodium channels do what?
Local Anesthetics
Chloride Channels do what?
Muscle Relaxants
Potassium Channels do what?
Antidiabetics
Some of Peripheral Proteins functions?
Receptors, Others are Enzymes, and many are parts of signal transduction pathways
Carbohydrate groups attached to some peripheral proteins form
glycoproteins that branch from a cells surface, enabling cells to recognize and interact with each other
Glycoproteins can also
mark the cells of an individual as “self” and distinguish differentiated cell types
Cellular Adhesion Molecules
guide cells on the move
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm contains abundant protein rods and tubules that form a supportive framework
Ribosomes are composed of
protein and RNA
Ribosomes provide
structural support and enzymatic activity to link amino acids to synthesize proteins
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Complex organelle composed of membranous flattened sacs, cylinders, and fluid-filled bubblelike sacs called vesicles
Part of the ER participates in
the synthesis of protein and lipid molecules.