Chapter 9 - Enzymes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up a reaction without being used up - biological catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a protein

A

A sequence of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the type of protein enzymes are

A

Globular

They’re 3D, folded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What determines the function of an enzyme

A

The shape and sequence

3D shape means that it will fit neatly and react only with a substance of the shape that matches it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a substrate

A

A substance in which an enzyme reacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a product

A

Substance which an enzyme forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe proteins

A

3D shape - means it fits with a specific substrate- the place in which the substrate fits is called the active site
Reactions are reversible - enzymes can be catabolic and anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is an enzymes named

A

By adding “ase” at the end of the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an active site

A

The site that a substrate fits into on an enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of a catabolic enzymes

A

Amylase converts starch into maltose
Amylase is made in salivary glands and pancreas
Seeds release amylase when germinating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of anabolic enzymes

A

DNA polymerase forms and repairs dna
Enzymes that control photosynthesis
DNA ligase joins two pieces of dna together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effects enzyme activity

A

Temperature

Ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a denatured enzyme

A

An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out their function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the usually the optimum ph for enzymes

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the exception to the optimum ph of an enzyme being 7

A

Pepsin has an optimum ph of 2

17
Q

Discuss enzymes in relation to temperature

A

At 0 degrees Celsius the cell freezes
As temperature increase so does the rate of reaction - substrate and enzymes bump into each other because they move around faster

18
Q

What is the ideal temperature for human enzymes

A

37 degrees Celsius

19
Q

What is the ideal temperature for plant enzymes

A

20 - 30 degrees Celsius

20
Q

What is bioprocessing give examples

A

The use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product

Alcohol, foodstuffs, drugs, antibiotics

21
Q

What is a bioreactor

A

A vessel where biological reactions take place

22
Q

What is immobilization

A

Enzymes are attached to each other or another inert materials

23
Q

What does inert mean

A

Non reactants

24
Q

Name the three types of physical immobilization

A

Adsorption
Membrane enclosed
Trapped in a gel - sodium alginate

25
Q

What is adsorption in relation to physical immobilization

A

Physically attaching an enzyme to inactive supports such as glass beads

26
Q

Name the two types of chemical immobilization

A

Bonded to a support

Bonded to each other

27
Q

What are the advantages of immobilization

A
Enzymes Can be reused
Product can be purified 
Stable
Cheaper
Efficient
28
Q

Name 3 uses of immobilized enzymes

A

Soft drink companies - use to immobilize glucose isomerase to convert glucose to fructose
Penicillin acylase - used to alter structure of penicillin to make new antibiotics and reduce costs
Lactase - immobilized to convert lactose into sweeter sugars ( glucose / galactose ) replaces condensed milk in food stuff.

29
Q

What is cellular energy?

A

Energy stored in the bonds of bio molecules

30
Q

What is enzyme inhibition

A

Inhibitors are molecules that prevent an enzyme from working. They do this by blocking the active site of an enzyme