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Biology (LC) > Chapter 35: The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 35: The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gland?

A

Structures that secrete substances

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2
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Releases the product into ducts or tubes

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3
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

Ductless gland that releases product into bloodstream by diffusion

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4
Q

Example of exocrine gland.

A

Salivary/sweat gland

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5
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers produced by an endocrine gland and carried in the bloodstream to another part of the body where they have a specific effect

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6
Q

What are hormones made of?

A

Globular proteins

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7
Q

What are the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

Nervous system : fast response, electrical impulse, fast message, short lived effect, specific location of effect
Endocrine system : slow response, chemical impulse, slow message, long lasting effect, widespread effect

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8
Q

What are the 10 glands?

A 
Pineal gland 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovary
Testes
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9
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

Brain

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10
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Brain

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11
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Beneath the brain

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12
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

On the thyroid

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13
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Trachea

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14
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

Chest at the bronchi

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15
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located?

A

On top of kidneys

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16
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Abdomin under stomach

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17
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

A

Melatonin

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18
Q

What is the function of melatonin?

A

Controls body rhythm

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19
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus release?

A

ADH

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20
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidney

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21
Q

What hormone does the pituitary gland release?

A

Growth hormone

22
Q

What is the function of the parathormone?

A

Releases calcium from bone cells back into blood

23
Q

What hormone does the thyroid gland release?

24
Q

What is the function of thyroxine?

A

Controls body metabolism

25
Q

What hormone does the thymus gland release?

26
Q

What is the function of thymosin?

A

Matures white blood cells

27
Q

What hormone does the adrenal gland release?

A

Adrenaline

28
Q

What is the function of adrenaline?

A

Emergency responses

29
Q

What hormone does the pancreas release?

30
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

Controls sugar levels

31
Q

What hormone does the ovaries release?

32
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

Controls the endometrium

33
Q

What hormone does the testes release?

A

Testosterone

34
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Produces sperm

35
Q

What is a hormone deficiency?

A

Thyroxine deficiency

36
Q

What is a symptom of deficiency?

A

Low metabolic rate
Weight gain, tiredness
Cretinism in children
Goitre in adults

37
Q

What is a corrective method for a deficiency?

A

Thyroxine supplements, iodine supplements

38
Q

What is a symptom of excess?

A

Increased metabolic rate
Hunger, weight loss, bulging eyes
Graves’ disease

39
Q

What is a corrective method for excess?

A

Radio active iodine supplements,

Surgically remove part of thyroid

40
Q

Describe the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Produces amylase

Flow into duodenum through ducts

41
Q

Describe the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Contains millions of cells called islets of langerhans
Produce insulin
Carried by bloodstream

42
Q

What is insulin?

A

Vital hormones because it reduces blood sugar levels

43
Q

What are 2 hormone supplements?

A

Insulin

Anabolic steroids

44
Q

What is the use of insulin as a supplement?

A

Used for diabetes - the islets of langerhans don’t produce enough insulin
Injections
Controls blood sugar levels

45
Q

What is the use of anabolic steroids as a supplement?

A

Build up proteins
Injections or tablets
Can cause liver failure, infertility

46
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

The levels of one hormone inhibit the production of another hormone

47
Q

What is thyroxine made of?

A

Iodine + tsh

48
Q

What is tsh?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

49
Q

Give an account of the negative feedback of thyroxine?

A

If normal levels of thyroxine, no tsh is made, no more thyroxine is made
If low levels of thyroxine, tsh is made, more thyroxine is made

50
Q

Where is tsh made?

A

Pituitary gland

51
Q

What is goitre?

A

Thyroid swells because tsh is stored in the thyroid because there’s not enough iodine to make thyroxine

Biology (LC) (34 decks)

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