Chapter 25: Blood Flashcards
what are the four ccomponents of blood?
plasma
white blood cells
red blood cells
platelets
what is the function of plasma?
contains antibodies to fight off infections
contains clotting proteins
90% water, transports RBC, WBC, platelets and heat and wastes
what is another word for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
where are RBC made?
bone marrow of ribs, sternum, vertebrae
what is the function of RBC?
they contain haemoglobin which transports oxygen throughout the body
describe the shape and contents of RBCs.
biconcave shape for a larger surface area, no nucleus or mitochondria, 4 month life cycle,, they are broken down by the liver and spleen
what is another word for white blood cells?
Leucocytes
where are WBCs made?
bone marrow
what is the function of WBCs?
fight infections by making antibodies or by ingesting infections (phatocytes)
what are the two types of WBCs?
monocytes
lymphocytes
what is the ratio of WBC to RBC?
700 RBC : 1 WBC
what percentage of WBCs are monocytes?
5%
what percentage of WBCs are lymphocytes?
25%
how long does a monocyte live for?
6-9 days
how long does a lymphocyte live for?
3-10 days
what is the function of a monocyte?
act as phatocytes by ingesting bacteria
what is the function of a lymphocyte?
makes antibodies
what is an antibody?.
a chemical that fights off infections
what shape is a monocytes nucleus?
U or N shape
what shape is a lymphocytes nucleus?
round
what is another word for platelets?
thrombocytes
where are platelets made?
bone marrow
what is the function of platelets?
form blood clots, reduce loss of blood, prevent infection
how are the four blood types defined?
by a complex carbohydrate and protein chemical on the surface of red blood cells
what are the four main blood types?
A
B
AB
O
what percentage of people have type A blood?
31%
what percentage of people have type B blood?
11%
what percentage of people have type AB blood?
3%
what percentage of people have type O blood?
55%
what blood type can type A blood donate to?
A, AB
what blood type can type B blood donate to?
B, AB
what blood type can type AB blood donate to?
AB
what blood type can type O blood donate to?
A, B, AB
what blood type can type A blood receive?
A, O
what blood type can type B blood receive?
B, O
what blood type can type AB blood receive?
A, B, O
what blood type can type O blood receive?
O
what blood type is the universal blood donor?
O- (O negative, meaning they have no rhesus factor)
what is the rhesus factor?
another blood group white means that another chemical is on the surface of the red blood cells
what percentage of irish people have the rhesus factor?
85%
what is the symbol for rhesus positive and negative?
RH+ (positive)
RH- (negative)
in terms of rhesus factor who can donate to who?
RH- can donate to RH+
but RH+ cannot donate to RH-
