Chapter 23 - Structure Of Flowering Plants Flashcards
Name for functions of a root
Anchors the plant
absorbs water and minerals
transports absorbed materials to shoot
stores food
What is a taproot
It’s develops from the radical
is the primary route that secondary roots emerge from
Name the 4 zones in a plant root and their functions
Differentiation - cells develop into plant tissue
Elongation - cells get bigger (growth regulators)
Cell production - contains meristems which allows cell division, it produces new cells
Protection - protects as it pushes through the soil
Name the two types of stems
Herbaceous - soft and green stem
Woody - hard brown stem that contains lignin
Name 3 functions of a stem
Supports the aerial parts
Transports water and minerals from the root to the leaf
Transports food made in the leaf to the root
May store food
If it’s green photosynthesis occurs
What is the tip of the stem called
Apical bud
What is the function of the apical bud
Causes the stem to grow at the growing tip
What is the flower called in the diagram of a flowering plant
Axillery bud
What is the node
Point where leaf emerges
What is the internode
Distance between nodes
What are lenticels
Openings on a stem that allow gas exchange
What is the petiole
The stalk of the leaf that is attached to the stem
What word describes a leaf when it has no petiole
Sessile
What word is used to describe a flattened leaf
Leaf blade
Lamina
What do we call the petiole as it goes through the leaf blade
The midrib
What is the function of the midrib petiole and veins
Contain the vascular tissue
Name 3 function of a leaf
Photosynthesis
Gas exchange - carbon dioxide goes in, oxygen and water vapor released
Stores food
Allows transpiration
What is transpiration
The movement of water and minerals
One function of dermal tissue
Protects the plant
What is the function of root hairs
Absorbs water and minerals
Why are move leaves and stems covered with a waxy cuticle
To prevent water loss
Three functions of ground tissue
Photosynthesis
Storage of food and wastes
Strengthens the plant
One function of vascular tissue
Transports materials throughout the plant
Name the two types of vascular tissue
Xylem and phloem
Name the two types of xylem
Trachieds and vessels
Name 4 properties of a trachied xylem
Long and tapered
Has pits that allows water to pass from trachied to trachied
More primitive than vessels
Found in coniferous trees
Name 4 properties of xylem vessels
Tubular structures Cells join end to end (continuous) Wider than trachieds Has pits More efficient Found in flowering plants
What is lignin
Strengthening material found in some plant cell walls
Name 3 properties of the phloem
Composed of sieve tubes and companion cells
Sieve tubes transport food
Companion cells control activities of both sieve tubes and companion cells
What is a fibrous root
Group of equal sized roots
Formed when the radicle dies
State 4 differences between the xylem and phloem
Xylem - has lignin, allows water to pass through, has pits, trachied xylem is tapered
Phloem - doesn’t have lignin, transports food, doesn’t have pits, isn’t tapered
What is the location of the xylem in a root
On the inside of the bound membrane
What is the location of the xylem in a stem
On the inside of the vascular bundle when in a ring
What is the location of the phloem in a root
Surrounds the xylem in the bound membrane
State 4 differences between monocots and dicots
Monocots - single cotyledon, parallel veins, vascular bundles scattered, flower parts in multiples of 3
Dicots - two cotyledons, network of veins, vascular bundles arranged in a ring, flower parts in multiples of 4/5
Name an example of a monocot plant
Tulip
Name an example of a dicot plant
Phlox
Why do you cut the plant into thin slices when examining a plant cell
Easier to see
Light shines through
How do you cut the plant
Using a wet backed blade
Cut at a right angle
