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Biology (LC) > Chapter 7 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

If a microscope eyepiece is marked x10 and the objective lens is marked at x20, what is the total magnification?

A

X200

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2
Q

Name the two types of microscopes

A

Compound microscope

Electron microscope

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3
Q

What is a compound microscope used for?

A

It shows a general overview of the cell

Can only identify: the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplasts

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4
Q

What is an electron microscope used for?

A

Allows to see the ultra structure of a cell
Uses a beam of electrons instead of a light
Gives a magnification of x250,000 and higher

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5
Q

What are the two types of electron microscope?

A

T.E.M (transmission electron microscope) - shows the internal structure of a cell
S.E.M (scanning electron microscope) - provides surface views

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6
Q

What are plant cell walls made of?

A

Cellulose

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7
Q

The details of a cell as seen using an electron microscope are known as the cell….

A

Ultrastructure

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8
Q

What are cell membranes made of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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9
Q

What is an ultra structure?

A

Fine details of a cell as seen with an electron microscope

We can see the organelles of a cell

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10
Q

What are organelles

A

Cell component that performs a specific function for a cell

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11
Q

Describe a cell membrane

A

Composed of phospholipids and proteins
Retains the cells contents
Controls what passes in and out of a cell (semi-permeable)
Supports the cell

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12
Q

What is a phospholipid made up of?

A

Lipids and phosphates
Lipids hate water, they look like the tail
Phosphates love water, looks like the head

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13
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Jelly like fluid that holds the organelles in place

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14
Q

Describe the nucleus.

A

Surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores
Allows entry and exit to molecules
Contains chromosomes
Controls the cell

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15
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

The cells genetic formation

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16
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

A dark structure in the nucleus
Contains RNA, DNA and proteins
Makes ribosomes

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17
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Describes chromosomes when they are not needed for dividing

It’s the liquid form of dna

18
Q

What is the mitochondrion?

A

It supplies energy to the cell when respiration takes place

Cells with a lot of mitochondrion create a lot of energy

19
Q

Describe ribosomes

A

Tiny, bead like structures made of dna and protein

Makes proteins by combining amino acids

20
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Green structures in plant cells
Green because of the pigment chlorophyll
Photosynthesis takes place here

21
Q

What is a cell wall and it’s functions?

A

Made of cellulose and fully permeable

To support and strengthen the plant cell

22
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

A place where plants store the food they produce

Strengthens the cell

23
Q

Name 3 differences between a plant and animal cell

A

Animal cell. Plant cell
No cell wall Cell wall
No chloroplasts Contains chloroplasts
Small vacuole. Have large vacuoles

24
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

An organism whose cell contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
E.g. animals, plants, fungi

25
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

An organism whose cell doesn’t have a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles
E.g. bacteria

26
Q

Name an example of animal cell that contains made mitochondrion

A

Muscle cell

27
Q

Function of a ribosome

A

To manufacture proteins

28
Q

What is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

29
Q

Function of the eyepiece.

A

Enlarges or magnifies the image

30
Q

Function of the nosepiece.

A

Revolves to allow an objective lens to be used.

31
Q

Function of the objective lens.

A

Enlarges or magnifies the image

32
Q

Function of the focus knobs

A

Allow a clear image to be seen

33
Q

Function of the stage

A

Holds the microscope slide in place with clips.

34
Q

Function of the diaphragm of a microscope.

A

Adjusts the amount of light passing through the slide.

35
Q

Function of a mirror

A

Reflects light that passes through the slide.

36
Q

What stain is used to examine a plant cell?

A

Iodine

37
Q

What stain is used to examine an animal cell?

A

Methylene blue

38
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

It is composed of a lipid group and a phosphate group with proteins embedded.
All membranes are made up of a double layer of phospholipid

39
Q

What’s the functions of a membrane?

A

Retains liquid contents
Controls what passes through them.
Recognition of molecules (one molecule can attach to another molecule that is of similar shape)

40
Q

What are plastids?

A

They are found only in plant cells.
They include: chloroplasts (where photosynthesis takes place), chromoplasts (brightly coloured structure that turns into a chloroplast), leucoplasts (colourless plastids that store starch)

41
Q

What is the protoplasm?

A

The protoplasm is all the living parts of a cell

Biology (LC) (34 decks)

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