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Biology (LC) > Chapter 11: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —— C6H12O6 + 6O2

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2
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The production of glucose and oxygen using carbon dioxide and water using light energy trapped by chlorophyll

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3
Q

What are 4 benefits of photosynthesis?

A

Plants use it to make food
Animals get food from plants
Oxygen is produced
Removes carbon dioxide from the air

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4
Q

What are the sources of carbon dioxide?

A

Atmosphere- stomata in leaves

Respiration - mitochondria

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5
Q

What is the source of water?

A

Roots - xylem

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6
Q

What is the source of chlorophyll?

A

Chloroplasts

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7
Q

What happens to glucose once is it made?

A

Used to get energy
Stored as starch for winter
Turns to cellulose for cell wall
Turned to sugar and travels through xylem (sap)

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8
Q

What happens to oxygen once it is made?

A

Used in respiration

Released to atmosphere

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9
Q

What are the five main events in photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light is trapped - chlorophyll
  2. Water is split - photolisis
  3. Fate of Products of split water
  4. Light energized electrons
  5. Glucose is formed
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10
Q

What are 4 difference between photosynthesis and respiration?

A 
Photosynthesis: 
occurs in chloroplasts 
Uses ATP to make glucose 
Products are glucose and oxygen 
Happens in plants and some bacteria 
Respiration: 
Occurs in mitochondria 
Used glucose to make ATP
Products are ATP, CO2, H2O 
All organisms use it
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11
Q

What are the products of photolysis?

A

4 low energy electrons
4 hydrogens
Oxygen

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12
Q

What is the fate of the products of photolysis?

A

Electrons pass to chlorophyll to be energized
Protons (hydrogen ions) are stored in chloroplasts used to convert NADP+ to NADPH
Oxygen is released

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13
Q

What makes glucose?

A

High energy electrons
Stored protons
Carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What is the stroma?

A

The empty space around the chloroplasts

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15
Q

What is the grand?

A

The discs of chlorophyll

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16
Q

What is a thylakoids?

A

Collection of discs of chlorophyll

17
Q

What is the light stage?

A

Occurs in grana
Not controlled by enzymes
Light absorbed by pigment clusters in chloroplasts
Light energy passed to electrons
Energized electron passed to electron acceptor which sends it down one of two pathways

18
Q

What is the dark stage?

A

Occurs in stroma
CO2 reduced to glucose
Used energy from breaking down ATP to ADP +P
Uses hyrdrogen and electrons from breaking down NADPH to NADP+ + 2electrons + Hydrogen
ADP and NADP+ returns to light stage to be reused

19
Q

What is reduction?

A

Adding electrons to something

20
Q

What are the two pathways in the light stage?

A

Pathway 1 - cyclic electron flow

Pathway 2 - non cyclic electron flow

21
Q

What is pathway 1?

A

High energy electrons pass from the first electron acceptor to a series of others and back again to the chlorophyll to be energized

As they move around they lose energy to add P to ADP

22
Q

What is pathway 2?

A

2 high energy electrons are added from chlorophyll to electron acceptor and then along a series of acceptors

They lose energy to make ATP

eventually the two electrons are passed to combine with NADP+ to form NADP-

Chlorophyll is now short of electron
It gains them through photolysis

The protons stored in the proton pool are attracted to NADP- and combine to form NADPH

23
Q

What does the light stage include?

A

Phosphorylation

Photolysis

24
Q

What does the dark stage include?

A 
CO2 reduced
Oxygen removed 
Hydrogen ions added 
Electrons added
Glucose formed
25
Q

What are the end products of

The light stage?

A

ATP - both pathways
NADPH - pathway 2
OXYGEN - pathway 2

26
Q

What plant is used in the experiment?

A

Elodea

27
Q

How is the rate of photosynthesis measured?

A

Counting bubbles

28
Q

What gas is produced through experiment?

A

Oxygen

29
Q

What is the alternative test for this gas in experiment?!

A

Light it with a splint hear a pop

30
Q

How can the temperature be kept the same?

A

A water bath

31
Q

How can the carbon dioxide concentration be kept the same?

A

Excess sodium hydrogen carbonate

32
Q

2 ways humans intervene in photosynthesis?

A

Artificial light sources

Artificial carbon dioxide concentration

Biology (LC) (34 decks)

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