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Biology (LC) > Chapter 20 - Monera (Bacteria) > Flashcards

Chapter 20 - Monera (Bacteria) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

prevents bacteria from bursting during osmosis

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2
Q

What does cytoplasm do?

A

contains ribosomes and storage granules

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3
Q

What kind of cell is in bacteria?

A

prokaryotic

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4
Q

What does DNA do?

A

contains chromosomes which give the primary traits

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5
Q

What does a capsule do?

A

protects the bacteria

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6
Q

What does a mesosome do?

A

used for respiration, help during cell division

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7
Q

What does plasmid do?

A

contains genes responsible for antibiotic resistance

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8
Q

What does a flagellum do?

A

allows movement

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9
Q

What are the 3 shapes a bacteria can be?

A
  1. coccus (round)
  2. bacillus (rod)
  3. spirillum (spiral)
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10
Q

Give an example of a coccus bacteria?

A

pneumonia

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11
Q

Give an example of a bacillus bacteria?

A

e. coli

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12
Q

Give an example of a spirillum bacteria.

A

cholera

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13
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

asexual reproduction - binary fission

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14
Q

How often do bacteria reproduce?

A

every 20 minutes

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15
Q

What name is given to bacteria that evolves?

A

mutations

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16
Q

How do bacteria mutate?

A

they evolve to be antibiotic resistant

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17
Q

Name a bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics.

A

MRSA

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18
Q

What are endospores?

A

tough walled spores capable of surviving harsh conditions

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19
Q

What can endospores do that regular bacteria cannot?

A

difficult to kill - withstand high temp, lack of food and water

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20
Q

How do bacteria get nutrients?

A

theyre autotrophic and heterotrophic

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21
Q

What does autotrophic mean?

A

they make their own food

22
Q

What are the 2 types of autotrophic bacteria and how do they make their own food?

A

photosynthetic bacteria - they have chlorophyll on their membranes , allows them to make food through photosynthesis
chemosynthetic bacteria - they use chemical reactions involving ammonia and iron compounds

23
Q

What does heterotrophic mean?

A

takes in their own food

24
Q

What are the 2 types of heterotrophic bacteria and how do they get their food?

A 
saprophytic bacteria - has enzymes that digest dead organic matter - decomposers
parasitic baceria (parasites) - use a living host for food, harm the host
25
Q

What 5 factors affect bacteria growth?

A
  1. temperature
  2. oxygen concentration
  3. ph
  4. external solute concentration
  5. change in pressure
26
Q

How does a change in temperature effect the growth of bacteria?

A

most prefer between 20 and 30 degrees celcius
high temperatures denature the enzymes
low temperatures slow down growth

27
Q

How does a change in oxygen concentration effect the growth of bacteria?

A

aerobic bacteria - require oxygen for respiration

anaerobic bacteria - do not require oxygen for respiration

28
Q

What is a facultative anaerobe?

A

respire with or without oxygen

29
Q

What is a obligate anaerobes?

A

only respire in the absense of oxygen

30
Q

How does ph effect the growth of bacteria?

A

unsuitable ph will denature enzymes

most grow at or near neutral

31
Q

How does external solute concentration effect the growth of bacteria?

A

bacteria can gain or lose water through osmosis
if external solution has lower water then the water will move out - dehydration - food preservation
if external solution has higher water then water will move it - bacteria thrive

32
Q

How does a change in pressure effect the growth of bacteria?

A

growth is inhibited by high pressure - bacteria walls are not strong enough

33
Q

How does bacteria benefit the economy?

A

lactobacillus - makes cheese/ yoghurt

genetically modified bacteria used to make medicine, alcohol, food flavourings

34
Q

What are the disadvantages to the economy of bacteria?

A

causes food to decay

causes disease in plants and animals

35
Q

Who discovered antibiotics?

A

sir alexander fleming - penicillin

36
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

chemicals produced by micro organisms that stop the growth of other micro organisms without damaging human tissue

37
Q

What is bad about antbiotics for humans?

A

it kills all bacteria even good bacteria

38
Q

How does antibiotic resistance occur?

A

bacteria mutates

39
Q

What is causing more antibiotic resistanced?

A

the overuse of antibiotics

failing to complete antibiotic treatment

40
Q

What are the 5 stages of the growth curve for bacteria?

A 
a - lag
b - log
c - stationary
d - decline
e - death/survival
41
Q

What happens during lag?

A

bacteria is adapting to the environment

42
Q

What happens during log?

A

ideal conditions for max reproduction

43
Q

What happens during stationary?

A

birth rates is equal to death rate

44
Q

What happens during decline?

A

death rate is greater than birth rate

45
Q

What happens during death or survival?

A

bacteria become dormant until favourable conditions occur

46
Q

What is bio processing?

A

using living things to produce useful materials

47
Q

What are some products of using bacteria for food processing?

A

alcohol, dairy products, food flavourings

48
Q

What are the 2 types of food processing used for bacteria?

A

batch culture

continuous flow culture

49
Q

What is batch culture?

A

fixed amount of nutrients

micro organisms go through all the phases and product is formed for a short time

50
Q

What is continuous flow culture?

A

nutrients added continually
micro organisms kept n the log phase all the time
products formed all the time for a long time

Biology (LC) (34 decks)

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