Chapter 24 - Transport, Storage And Gas Exchange In Flowering Plants

Question 1

What is a heterotrophic

Answer 1

An organism that take in their own food for example humans

Question 2

What is an autotrophic

Answer 2

An organism that make their own food example plants

Question 3

How is water transported

Answer 3

Water is transported by osmosis

Water defuses from root hairs into ground tissue and then the xylem

Question 4

What are root hairs and what do they do

Answer 4

are extensions of a route epiderm are cells

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 5

what is root pressure

Answer 5

Water drawn in to root by osmosis
it is aided by root hairs
the buildup of water results in a pressure that can push water up
this pressure is not strong enough to push water up to the top of tall trees

Question 6

What is transpiration

Answer 6

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour by evaporation from the leaves of the plant

Question 7

Describe transpiration

Answer 7

Water vapour escape through the underside of the leaf through openings called stomata

Question 8

What three things control transpiration

Answer 8

Waxy cuticle
stomata
guard cells

Question 9

How does the waxy cuticle control transpiration

Answer 9

Water cannot pass on upper surface

Question 10

How does stomata control transpiration

Answer 10

On lower surface has more change of operation on upper surface

Question 11

How do you guard cells control transpiration

Answer 11

Two on each stoma, opening during the day, close at night

Question 12

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

Answer 12

Sun
Co2 + H2o ——————— C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Chlorophyll

Question 13

Where does the plan to get CO2 from

Answer 13

The atmosphere

Question 14

Where does the plant get H2O from

Answer 14

So oil

Question 15

What happens when the stoma is open

Answer 15

Water loss increases

Question 16

What happens when the stoma is close

Answer 16

Water loss decreases

Question 17

What is three conditions are there for the stoma to be closed during the day

Answer 17

No water available - drought
high-temperature
high wind

Question 18

How are minerals transported to plants

Answer 18

They enter the plant dissolves in water through the roots they can either be active or passive transport
Once inside the plants it is transported by the xylem

Question 19

How is carbon dioxide transported to plants

Answer 19

The atmosphere carbon dioxide defuses in from the atmosphere through the stomata and lenticel
respiration produced by the leaf cell

Question 20

How are the products of photosynthesis transported

Answer 20

Oxygen - diffuses out of the plant through the stomata and lenticels
some of this is used for respiration by the plants
Glucose - Transported by the phloem
all around the plant
use for respiration
stored as starch
converted to sucrose called sap

Question 21

Describe gas exchange during the day

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide enters through the stomata
Oxygen and water are released
Called diffusion

Question 22

In the stem where does gas exchange take place

Answer 22

Lenticels

Question 23

Describe gas exchange at night

Answer 23

Oxygen enters through the stomata

Carbon dioxide and water are released

Question 24

What is the controlling factor for the opening and closing of the stomata

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide
High concentration - closed (no photosynthesis)
Low concentration - open (photosynthesis)

Question 25

3 types of food storage

Answer 25

Modified root
Modified stem
Modified leaf

Question 26

Describe modified roots

Answer 26

Tap root becomes swollen and fleshy

E.g carrots, turnips, sugar beet

Question 27

Describe modified stem

Answer 27

Potato plants have an underground stem system

Stems become swollen (tubers)

Question 28

Describe modified leaves

Answer 28

Bulbs are fleshy swollen leaves that surround an apical bud

E.g onion

Question 29

What is cohesion

Answer 29

When similar molecules stick together

E.g water sticking to water

Question 30

What is adhesion

Answer 30

Different molecules sticking to each other, not as strong as cohesion
E.g water sticking to wall of xylem

Question 31

What is the cohesion tension model

Answer 31

Explains how water is transported in plants to extremem heights against the force of gravity

Question 32

Name the two Irish scientists who put the idea of the cohesion tension model forward in 1894

Answer 32

Henry Dixon

John joly

Question 33

Describe the 5 steps of the cohesion tension model

Answer 33

1. Water evaporates from xylem into air spaces in the leaf - each water molecule pulls the next one behind it (cohesion)
2. Water in the xylem is under tension
3. This tension on xylem can pull water up to 150 meters
4. Xylem narrows under tension - stem becomes narrow during daytime - lignin prevents the xylem from collapsing
5. When transpiration stops no tension - xylem returns to original shape - xylem walls are elastic for this