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Biology (LC) > Chapter 34: The Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 34: The Senses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five senses and their organs?

A
  1. Touch - skin
  2. Taste - tongue
  3. Smell - nose
  4. Sight - eye
  5. Sound - ear
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2
Q

What forms a sense organ?

A

Receptor cells (neuron endings or specialized cells) in close contact with neurons

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3
Q

What do sense organs do?

A

Detect stimuli such as heat, light, chemicals, pressure

Send electrical impulses to the brain for interpretation

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4
Q

What are the skins two receptors?

A

Touch and temperature

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5
Q

Give an example of where there are many receptors on the skin and where there is very little.

A

Many - elbow

Little - heel

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6
Q

Where are taste receptors located?

A

Taste buds on the tongue

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7
Q

What are the four taste receptors and where on the tongue are they located?

A

Bitter - back of tongue/throat
Sour - sides of tongue at back
Salty - sides of tongue at front
Sweet - front of tongue

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8
Q

What is the fifth taste called and what does it detect?

A 
Umami 
Detects msg (mono sodium glutamate)
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9
Q

What is the flavour of a food?

A

A combination of the taste, smell, texture and temperature

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10
Q

Where are smell receptors?

A

Nasal cavity

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11
Q

What are smell receptors called?

A

Olfactory neurons

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12
Q

How many different smells are there?

A

10,000

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13
Q

What is the function of conjunctiva?

A

Thin membrane protecting sclera

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14
Q

What is the function of sclera or sclerotic coat?

A

White of the eye, tough opaque colour holds eye in shape and doesn’t let light through

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15
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Transparent part of sclera at front of the eye, let’s light into eye and bends it towards retina

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16
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

Dark colored layer contains blood vessels to nourish eye and black pigment to not absorb light, ensures no internal reflection of light inside eye

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17
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

Where light receptors are located?

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18
Q

What are the two types of light receptors on retina?

A

Cones

Rods

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19
Q

What do cones do?

A

Detects red, green, blue
In fovea
Work in bright light

20
Q

What do rods do?

A

Detect black and white
Found all over retina
Work in dim light

21
Q

What is the function of fovea?

A

Part of retina, contains cones only, region of sharpest vision
Focuses images

22
Q

What is a blind spot?

A

Where the nerves fibres leave the eyes

No rods or cones there so cannot detect light

23
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A

Carries impulse from eye to cerebrum

24
Q

What is the lens?

A

Elastic transport structure.

Changes shape to focus light on retina

25
Q

What is the ciliary muscle?

A

Surrounds lens
Changes shape of lens depending on if we’re looking near or far
Changing of shape is a reflex action called accommodation
Connected to lens by suspensory muscles

26
Q

What is the iris?

A

Colored part of eye
Controls the Amount of light entering the eye
Pigmented with melanin
Blue eyes have no melanin in the iris

27
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Opening in the iris
Let’s light into eye
Bright light - pupil decreases in size
Dim light - pupil enlarges (dilates)

28
Q

What is the aqueous humour?

A

Salt solution that holds front of eye in shape

29
Q

What is the vitreous humour?

A

Viscous fluid, supports eye by exerting an outward pressure on eyeball

30
Q

What is the external muscle?

A

Moves the eye

31
Q

What are the functions of the ear?

A

Hearing and balance

32
Q

Describe how hearing works.

A

Vibrations in the air are collected by the outer ear and passed into middle ear
Vibrations are amplified and transferred to fluid called lymph in the cochlea of the inner ear
Cochlea contains receptors that are stimulated by pressure waves in lymph
Receptors send impulses to brain

33
Q

What is the pinna?

A

Made of cartilage,

Collects and channels vibration into auditory canal

34
Q

What is the auditory canal?

A

A tube that carries vibrations to eardrum, wax is secreted outside eardrum to trap dust particles and protect ear.

35
Q

What is the eardrum?

A

Small, tightly stretched membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear
Vibrates

36
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Three tiny bones in middle ear
Hammer, anvil, stirrup
They transmit vibrations from outer ear to inner ear

37
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

Runs from middle ear to throat

Equalizes pressure on either side of eardrum

38
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Spiral tube 3.5cm long

Converts pressure waves caused by sound vibrations into electrical impulses that travel to brain

39
Q

Describe how the cochlea works.

A

Vibrations arrive at cochlea on stirrup, this bone attaches to a membrane in cochlea called oval window
Vibrations pass through oval window and form pressure waves in lymph in cochlea
Pressure waves stimulate receptors in cochlea, these receptor cells are hairs that are attached to sensory cells called the organ of corti
Receptors causes electrical impulse to travel to brain along the auditory nerve
Round window allows pressure waves to dissipate out of cochlea into the air of middle ear

40
Q

What is a hearing disorder?

A

Glue ear

41
Q

What causes glue ear?

A

Sticky fluid builds up in middle ear

42
Q

What corrects glue ear?

A

Decongestants (ear drops) or grommets

43
Q

Explain how grommets work.

A

Inserted into eardrum
Allows air into middle ear
Forces fluid down Eustachian tube

44
Q

What detects balance?

A

Vestibular apparatus in inner ear

Maintained by vision, receptor muscles, ligaments, tendons, pressure receptors in soles of feet

45
Q

What does the vestibular apparatus consist of?

A

3 semi circular canals filled with lymph

Contains receptors that detect if the head is vertical or not and receptors that detect movement

Biology (LC) (34 decks)

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