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Biology (LC) > Chapter 3 - Food > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Food Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nutrition

A

The way in which an organism obtains and used food

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2
Q

3 reasons for nutrition

A

Source of energy
Makes chemicals for metabolic reactions
Growth and repair if structures in the organism

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3
Q

What is metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reaction

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4
Q

Name the two types of metabolic reactions

A

Anabolic reaction

Catabolic reaction

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5
Q

What is an anabolic reaction

A

Convert smaller molecules into larger ones

It requires enzymes and uses energy

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6
Q

An example of an anabolic reaction

A

Photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is a catabolic reaction

A

Complex (larger) molecule broken down into a simpler (smaller) molecule
It requires enzymes and uses energy

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8
Q

An example of a catabolic reaction

A

Respiration

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9
Q

Name the six common elements in food

A 
C = carbon 
H = hydrogen
O = oxygen
N = nitrogen
O = phosphorus 
S = sulfur
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10
Q

Name the 5 salts dissolved in food

A 
Na = sodium 
Mg = magnesium
Cl = chlorine
K = potassium
Ca = Calcium
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11
Q

Name the 3 trace elements in food

A 
Fe = Iron 
Cu = copper
Zn = zinc
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12
Q

What is a bio molecule

A

Chemicals that are made inside a living thing

Contains carbon

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13
Q

Name the four types of bio chemicals

A

Carbohydrate
Lipids (fats,oils)
Proteins
Vitamins

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14
Q

What elements are found in carbohydrates and what is the ratio

A

C = carbon
H = hydrogen
O = oxygen
Cx (H2O)y

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15
Q

Describe the structure of a carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharides- one sugar unit - glucose (sweet + soluble)
Disaccharides - two sugar units - sucrose (sweet + soluble)
Polysaccharides - many sugar units - starch (not sweet + insoluble)

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16
Q

Name 4 sources of carbohydrate

A

Bread
Potatoes
Rice
Pasta

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17
Q

What is the structural role of a carbohydrate

A

Cellulose - used for plant cell wall

Chitin - used in cell walls of fungi and insects exoskeleton

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18
Q

What is the metabolic role of carbohydrate

A

Respiration - breaking down glucose for a release of energy (catabolic) (short term)

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19
Q

What elements are found in lipids

A 
C = carbon 
H = hydrogen
O = oxygen
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20
Q

What is the difference between lipids and fat

A

Lipids are liquid at room temperature (oil)

Fat is solid at room temperature (butter)

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21
Q

What is the structure of lipids

A

Triglycerides - glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Phospholipids - glycerol, 2 fatty acids and phosphate group

22
Q

Name 4 sources of lipids

A

Oil
Butter
Cream
Lard

23
Q

What is the structural role of lipids

A

For storage

Gives heat insulation and protection to organs

24
Q

What is the metabolic role of lipids

A

Respiration - (long term) release of energy

25
Q

What are the elements in proteins

A 
C = carbon
H = hydrogen
O = oxygen
N = nitrogen 
Sometimes - P = phosphorus S = sulfur
26
Q

What is the structural of proteins

A

Made of amino acids
Protein is more than 200 amino acids
Fibrous - strong, no folding e.g. keratin in nails and hair
Globular - folding, rounded e.g. myosin (muscles)

27
Q

What is a peptide

A

less than 20 amino acids

28
Q

What is a polypeptides

A

More than 20 peptides

29
Q

What is protein

A

More than 200 amino acids

30
Q

Name 4 sources of proteins

A

Meat
Eggs
Nuts
Beans

31
Q

What is the structural role of protein

A

Keratin in skin, hair, nails

Myosin in muscles

32
Q

What is the metabolic role of protein

A

Used as enzymes
Antibiotics
Some hormones
(Catabolic)

33
Q

What do hormones do

A

Regulate body reactions

34
Q

Name 2 vitamins studied

A

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

35
Q

What elements are present in vitamins

A

They are carbon based

Not made by the body

36
Q

What is the structure of vitamin c

A

Ascorbic acid (water soluble)

37
Q

What is the structure of vitamin D

A

Calciferol (fat soluble)

38
Q

What are sources of vitamin D

A

Dairy products
Egg yolk
Fish liver oils
Sunlight is needed

39
Q

What are sources of vitamin C

A

Citrus fruits

Green vegetables

40
Q

What is the cellular structure of vitamin c

A

Builds connective tissue e.g. skin

41
Q

What is the structural role of vitamin D

A

Absorbs calcium from food e.g. needed for teeth and bones

42
Q

What deficiency does lack of vitamin c cause

A

Scurvy - bleeding gums

43
Q

What deficiency does lack of vitamin d cause

A

In a child rickets

In adults osteomalica

44
Q

What three ways are minerals used

A

Form part of rigid body structure
Form soft tissues in the body
Function in cellular and body fluid

45
Q

What are the 2 minerals in plants, where do they get them from and what are they used for

A

Calcium - salt absorbed from soil, helps bind cell walls together
Magnesium - salt absorbed from soil, part of structure of chlorophyll

46
Q

Name 2 minerals in animal, where do they get them and what are they used for

A

Calcium - milk, cheese, hard drinking water, forms bones and teeth
Iron - liver, meat, green vegetables, part of structure of haemoglobin

47
Q

What does water account for

A

99% of all molecules in the body
60%-65% of body mass
90% of mass of plants

48
Q

What are the three main reasons for water

A

Where all metabolic reaction takes place
Basis for transport
Environment in which many organisms live

49
Q

name 5 examples of reasons for water and describe

A

Component of cytoplasm and body fluids - most common chemical in cells (cytoplasm)

Good solvent - dissolves a wide range of molecules (allows chemical reactions in cytoplasm and organelles) ( transports some of these molecules)

Participated in chemical reactions - Photosynthesis + respiration

Movement through membranes - osmosis (cells become swollen or shriveled)

Good absorber of heat - slow to heat up and slow to cool down (oceans have relatively stable temperatures) (organisms can keep temperatures stable)

50
Q

What does ECF stand for

A

Extra Cellular body fluid

Biology (LC) (34 decks)

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