Chapter 9 (BAL)

Question 1

Preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members.

Answer 1

Prejudice

Question 2

Belief about the personal attributes of a group of people; sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes accurate).

Answer 2

Stereotype

Question 3

Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members.

Answer 3

Discrimination

Question 4

Individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people
of a given race; institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race.

Answer 4

Racism

Question 5

An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward
people of a given sex; institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex.

Answer 5

Sexism

Question 6

Test that has been used many times to test “implicit cognition”

Answer 6

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Question 7

What you know without knowing what you know.

Answer 7

“implicit cognition”

Question 8

May change dramatically with education

Answer 8

EXPLICIT (CONSCIOUS) ATTITUDES

Question 9

May linger, changing only as we form new
habits through practice

Answer 9

IMPLICIT (UNCONSCIOUS) ATTITUDES

Question 10

Subtle prejudice may also be expressed as

Answer 10

“microaggressions”

Question 11

Act of being a patron or supporter.

Answer 11

Patronization

Question 12

Stereotypes (beliefs) are not prejudices (attitudes). True of false?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups.

Answer 13

Social dominance orientation

Question 14

Believing in the superiority of one’s own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups.

Answer 14

Ethnocentric

Question 15

Personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status.

Answer 15

Authoritarian personality

Question 16

The cause of our frustration is intimidating or unknown, we often redirect our hostility.

Answer 16

Displaced aggression(Scapegoating)

Question 17

States that maximum competition will exist between species with identical needs.

Answer 17

Gause’s Law

Question 18

Our sense of our personal attributes and attitudes

Answer 18

PERSONAL IDENTITY

Question 19

The “we” aspect of our self-concept; is the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes
from our group membership.

Answer 19

SOCIAL IDENTITY

Question 20

“Us”- a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity.

Answer 20

Ingroup

Question 21

“Them” a group of people perceived as distinctively different from or apart from their group.

Answer 21

Outgroup

Question 22

Tendency to favor one’s own group.

Answer 22

INGROUP BIAS

Question 23

Ascribe uniquely human emotions to ingroup members and are more reluctant to see
such human emotions in the outgroup; denying human attributes to outgroups.

Answer 23

INFRAHUMANIZATION

Question 24

People’s self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more
strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality

Answer 24

Terror management theory

Question 25

People low and high in prejudice sometimes have similar automatic prejudicial responses

Answer 25

Knee-jerk reactions

Question 26

To organize the world by clustering objects into groups.

Answer 26

Categorize

Question 27

Perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup
members.

Answer 27

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Question 28

Tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race. (Also called the cross-race effect or other-race effect)

Answer 28

Own-race bias

Question 29

Tendency for both children and older adults to more accurately identify faces from their own age groups.

Answer 29

Own-age bias

Question 30

Differences from others made you more noticeable and the object of more attention.

Answer 30

DISTINCTIVE PEOPLE

Question 31

Our minds also use distinctive cases as a shortcut to judging groups; more available in memory, seldom represent the larger group.

Answer 31

VIVID CASES

Question 32

Explaining away outgroup members’ positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one’s own group).

Answer 32

GROUP-SERVING BIAS

Question 33

Tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Answer 33

THE JUST-WORLD PHENOMENON

Question 34

Accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by thinking of them as “exceptions to the rule”

Answer 34

SUBTYPING

Question 35

Accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group

Answer 35

SUBGROUPING

Question 36

Inevitable; guide our attention and our memories; self-perpetuating

Answer 36

PRECONCEIVED JUDGMENTS / PREJUDGMENTS

Question 37

2 BASIC TYPES OF REACTIONS FOR THE EFFECTS OF VICTIMIZATION ACCORDING TO GORDON ALLPORT:

Answer 37

BLAMING ONESELF
BLAMING EXTERNAL CAUSES

Question 38

Disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated
based on a negative stereotype.

Answer 38

STEREOTYPE THREAT

Question 39

Getting people to affirm who they are

Answer 39

VALUES AFFIRMATION

Question 40

3 WAYS STEREOTYPE THREAT UNDERMINE PERFORMANCE:

Answer 40

STRESS
SELF-MONITORING
SUPPRESSING UNWANTED THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS

Question 41

DISRUPT performance

Answer 41

NEGATIVE stereotypes

Question 42

FACILITATE performance

Answer 42

POSITIVE stereotypes