Chapter 1 Flashcards
The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Social Psychology
The study of people in groups and societies.
Sociology
Difference of Sociology and Social Psychology.
Sociology focuses on the interplay of the group while Social Psychology focuses on the individual in the group.
How we perceive others and ourselves, what we believe, judgements we make, and our attitudes.
Social thinking
Culture, pressure to conform, persuasion, and groups of people.
Social influence
Prejudice, aggression, attraction, intimacy, and helping.
Social relations
- We construct our social
reality - Our social intuitions are
powerful, sometimes perilous - Attitudes shape, and are
shaped by, behavior
Social thinking
- Social influences shape
behavior - Dispositions shape
behavior
Social influences
- Social behavior is also
biological behavior - Feelings and actions toward
people are sometimes
negative (prejudiced,
aggressive) and sometimes
positive (helpful, loving)
Social relations
Influenced by our lenses (experience, beliefs, etc.)
Subjective reality
When is the first scientific research in Soc. Psych?
1904
A method which explains that the individual has control over their feelings.
Push-button technique
A process which operates on two levels—one
conscious and deliberate, the other unconscious and automatic.
Dual processing
Social psychologist Hazel Markus (2005) sums it up: “People are, above all….?
Malleable
What kind of organism are people?
Bio-psycho-social organism
Investigates how values form, why they change, and how they influence attitudes and actions.
Social Psychologist
People who, with their needs for survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem satisfied, go on to fulfill their human potential.
Self-actualized people
4 examples of value judgments.
Defining the good will
Professional advice
Forming concepts
Labeling
The tendency to exaggerate,
after learning an outcome, one’s
ability to have foreseen how
something turned out; what errors in judging the future’s foreseeability and in remembering our past combine to create.
Hindsight bias
Hindsight bias is also called?
I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
Experiments, however, reveal that outcomes are more “obvious” when the facts are known?
After
An integrated set of principles
that explain and predict observed events.
Theory
Theories are what that summarize and explain facts?
Ideas
A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events.
Hypothesis
A Social psychological research that is a controlled situation.
Laboratory research
Research done in natural, real-
life settings outside the laboratory; everyday situation.
Field research
The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables.
Correlational research
Studies that seek clues to cause–effect relationships by manipulating one or more
factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant).
Experimental research
Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal
chance of inclusion.
Random sampling
4 biasing influences.
Unrepresentative samples
Order of questions
Response options
Wording of questions
The way a question or an issue is posed; framing can influence people’s decisions and
expressed opinions.
Framing
The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all
persons have the same chance of being in a given condition.
Random assignment
Difference of random sampling and random assignment.
Random assignment helps us infer cause
and effect while random sampling
helps us generalize to a
population.
The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates.
Independent variable
The variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable.
Dependent variable
Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings, to
determine whether a finding could be reproduced.
Replication
Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations.
Mundane realism
Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants.
Experimental realism
In research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study’s
methods and purposes.
Deception
Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected.
Demand characteristics
An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to
choose whether they wish to participate.
Informed consent
In social psychology, the postexperimental explanation of a study to its participants; usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their
understandings and feelings.
Debriefing
What does WEIRD mean?
Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic
