Chapter 10 Flashcards
Defined as intentional and repeated aggression (bullying, harassing, or
threatening someone) via email, texts, social
networking sites, and other electronic media
Cyberbullying
Physical or verbal behavior intended to
cause harm.
Aggression
2 types of aggression
Physical aggression
Social aggression
Hurting someone else’s body.
Physical aggression
Hurting someone else’s feelings or
threatening their relationships.
Social aggression
Social aggression is sometimes called?
Relational aggression.
Bullying researchers Dan Olweus and Kyrre
Breivik (2013) describe the consequences of
bullying as?
“the opposite of well-being.”
Aggression that springs from anger; its goal is to injure.
Hostile Aggression
Aggression that aims to injure, but only as a means to some other end.
Instrumental Aggression
Contended that aggressive energy will accumulate from within, like water accumulating behind a dam.
Instinct view
Primitive death urge
“death instinct”
Innate, unlearned, and universal behavior
pattern exhibited by all members of a
species.
Instinctive behavior
Acts like an emergency brake on deeper brain areas involved in aggressive behavior
Prefrontal cortex
Specific gene linked to aggression; some
even call it the “warrior gene” or the
“violence Gene”.
MAOA-L
BIOCHEMICAL INFLUENCES (3)
Alcohol
Testosterone
Poor diet
According to the second view, this causes anger and hostility; blocking of goal-directed behavior.
Frustration
Theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress.
Frustration-aggression theory
Redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration.
Displacement
Lacking what others have
Absolute deprivation
Feeling deprived
Relative deprivation
Presents aggression as learned behavior.
Social learning view
Theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished.
Social learning theory
Example of social learning theory
The Family
The Culture
AVERSIVE INCIDENTS (5)
Pain
Heat
Attacks
Arousal
Aggression cues
Basic trigger of hostile aggression
Aversive stimulation
Intense mental distress, suffering, or emotion
that is the result of unpleasant thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PAIN
People tend to respond with increased aggression in response to aggression.
“an eye for an eye” response
When a weapon is perceived as an instrument of violence rather than a recreational item.
Aggression Cues
Idea that some women would welcome sexual assault and that “no doesn’t really mean no”.
RAPE MYTH
MEDIA INFLUENCES (2)
Pornography and Sexual Violence
Television and the Internet
Media consumption has been shown to
influence behavior in three (3) ways:
Arousal
Disinhibition
Imitation
Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior.
Prosocial Behavior
Media’s Effects on Thinking (4)
Desensitization
Social Scripts
Altered Perceptions
Cognitive Priming
Repeat an emotion-arousing stimulus, and the emotional response will “extinguish.”
Desensitization
Culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations.
Social Scripts
For those who watch much television, the world becomes a scary place; media
portrayals shape perceptions of reality.
Altered Perceptions
Watching violent programs can lead to an
increase in aggression-related thought patterns, which in turn can influence individuals’ behavior.
Cognitive Priming
Give 2 effects of Video Games:
1.Increases in aggressive behaviors
2.Increases in aggressive thoughts
Aggressive drive is reduced when one “releases” aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression.
Catharsis Hypothesis
Psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take action when in the presence of a large group of people.
DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
Psychological phenomenon in which beliefs, attitudes, and decisions of groups tend to be more amplified or more extreme than those held by individuals.
GROUP POLARIZATION
Spread of emotions or behaviors from one
individual to another, sometimes without awareness.
SOCIAL CONTAGION
Tendency of the people in a group to think and behave in ways that conform with
others in the group rather than as
individuals.
HERD MENTALITY
If aggressive behavior is learned, then there
is hope for its control.
SOCIAL LEARNING APPROACH
It is wise to refrain from planting false, unreachable expectations in people’s minds.
Reducing aversive stimulation
We should reward cooperative, nonaggressive behavior.
Rewarding and modeling nonaggression
Refers to a change in beliefs, values, methods, processes and systems, which can lead to changes in individual behavior.
Culture Change
