Chapter 1 (Midterms) Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another; science that studies the influences of our situations, with special attention to how we view and affect one another.

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

When did social psychology assume its current form?

A

1930

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3
Q

Big ideas in social psychology (social thinking) (3)

A

1.We construct our social
reality
2.Our social intuitions are
powerful, sometimes perilous
3.Attitudes shape, and are
shaped by, behavior

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4
Q

Big ideas in social psychology (social influences) (2)

A

4.Social influences shape
behavior
5.Dispositions shape
behavior

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5
Q

Big ideas in social psychology (social relations) (2)

A
  1. Social behavior is also
    biological behavior
  2. Feelings and actions toward
    people are sometimes
    negative (prejudiced,
    aggressive) and sometimes
    positive (helpful, loving)
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5
Q

Social psychologist Hazel Markus (2005) sums it up:

A

“People are, above all, malleable.”

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6
Q

People’s personal convictions about what is desirable and how people ought to behave

A

Values

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7
Q

The enduring behaviors, ideas,
attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

A

Culture

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8
Q

A society’s widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural
ideologies; help us make sense of our world.

A

Social representations

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9
Q

4 examples of value judgments

A

DEFINING THE GOOD LIFE
PROFESSIONAL ADVICE
FORMING CONCEPTS
LABELING

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10
Q

The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have foreseen how
something turned out; also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.

A

Hindsight bias

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11
Q

An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events.

A

Theory

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12
Q

A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events.

A

Hypothesis

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13
Q

Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory.

A

Field research

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14
Q

The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables.

A

Correlational research

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15
Q

Studies that seek clues to cause–effect relationships by manipulating one or more
factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant).

A

Experimental research

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16
Q

When two variables correlate, any combination of three explanations is possible. Either one may cause the other, or both may be affected by an underlying “third factor.”

A

Correlation and Causations

17
Q

Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal
chance of inclusion.

A

Random sampling

18
Q

4 potentially biasing influences:

A

Unrepresentative samples
Question order
Response options
Question wording

19
Q

The way a question or an issue is posed; can influence people’s decisions and
expressed opinions.

A

Framing

20
Q

The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all
persons have the same chance of being in a given condition.

A

Random assignment

21
Q

The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates.

A

Independent variable

22
Q

The variable being measured,
so called because it may depend on manipulations of the other variable.

A

Dependent variable

23
Q

Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings, to
determine whether a finding could be reproduced.

A

Replication

24
Q

Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations.

A

Mundane realism

25
Q

Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants.

A

Experimental realism

26
Q

In research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study’s
methods and purposes.

A

Deception

26
Q

Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected.

A

Demand characteristics

27
Q

An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to
choose whether they wish to participate.

A

Informed consent

27
Q

In social psychology, the
postexperimental explanation of
a study to its participants; usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their understandings and feelings.

A

Debriefing

28
Q

Father of Modern Social Psychology

A

Gordon Allport

29
Q

What is Social Psychology?

A

1) SCIENCE
2) FOCUSES ON THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, & BEHAVIORS OF
INDIVIDUALS
3) FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL
4) INFLUENCED BY OTHER HUMAN BEINGS

30
Q

These are the fundamental Principles; great ideas we ought never to forget in SP

A

THE SP BIG IDEAS

31
Q

Thinking, memory, and attitudes all operate on two levels—one conscious and deliberate, the other unconscious and automatic.

A

Dual processing

32
Q

AFfect how we feel and act.

A

Stress hormones

33
Q

Elevates blood pressure.

A

Social ostracism

34
Q

Strengthens the disease-fighting immune system.

A

Social support

35
Q

2 types of research.

A

Laboratory research
Field research

36
Q

Type of research that has a controlled situation

A

Laboratory research

37
Q

Type of research about everyday situation

A

Field research

38
Q

2 methods of research

A

Correlational
Experimental

39
Q
A