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Sex Psych > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the study of human sexual response important?

A

Assists individuals in developing sexual skills

Strategies for solving sexual issues

An opportunity to explore the findings of
human sexuality research in this area
-objective and subjective findings

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2
Q

What are the 4 stages of sexual response according to masters and Johnson ?

A

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

*using objective measuring tools

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3
Q

What are the 2 main processes of sexual response?

A

Vasocongestion

Myotonia

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4
Q

What is Vasocongestion?

A

Smooth muscles relaxes; arteries dilate; increased blood flow, HR and BP

Results? Erections, lubrication in females

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5
Q

What is Myotonia?

A

Muscle tension

Results? Contractions in genitals and other body parts

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6
Q

What type of excitement happens in both sexes?

A

Vasocongestion

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Myotonia
-Nipples become erect

Sex flush

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7
Q

What are the physiological excited states present in only males?

A

Erection (vasocongestion)

  • 3-8 seconds in young men
  • Slowed by alcohol, age, fatigue

Scrotal skin thickens

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8
Q

What are the physiological excited states present in only females?

A

Anatomical/physiologic responses

  • Upper two thirds of vagina expand Cervical-uterine retraction
  • Clitoris sensitivity increases -due to blood engorgement
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9
Q

Ini females what does vasocongestion produce?

A

Vasocongestion produces:

  • Transudation
      • lubrication of vaginal walls
  • Engorgement of corpora cavernosa, crura, vestibular bulbs
  • Both labias swell and open up
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10
Q

What is the plateau?

A

Both sexes
Vasocongestion reaches its peak

In Females:
Formation of the “orgasmic platform” Tightening of vaginal entrance
! “gripping sensation” Clitoris retracts into body

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11
Q

What happens during orgasm in both genders?

A

Blood pressure, breathing, heart rate at maximum levels

Muscles contract throughout body
-E.g., face, feet/hands, rectal sphincter

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12
Q

What happens to females during oragsm??

A

Orgasmic platform contracts at 0.8 second intervals
-3 to 15 times

Uterine contractions occur
-Recall parameters around sex and pregnancy

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13
Q

What are the 2 phases in male orgasm?

A

Phase I

  • Internal sex structures contract
  • Semen forced into bulb at base of urethra
  • will automatically go into phase 2 at this point

Phase II
-Semen expelled by muscles contractions of penis and urethra

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14
Q

What happens in resolution phase in both sexes?

A

Myotonia, heart rate, breathing return to normal

Sex flush disappears

Nipple erection subsides slowly

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15
Q

What happens during resolution in males only?

A

Detumescence—loss of erection

Testes, scrotum return to normal

Refractory period—incapable of further arousal and orgasm
-A few minutes to up to 24 hours

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16
Q

What happens during resolution in females only?

A

Clitoris returns to normal position

Vagina/uterus return to normal state

lack of orgasm may
dramatically slow
resolution
-Pelvic congestion can remain if no release

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17
Q

What were the critisisms of masters and Johnson?

A

No account of cognitive or subjective sexual response

Sampling

  • Argued did not need a random sample because studied normative processes
  • Participants characterized by high sexual desire and orgasm
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18
Q

What is the Kaplan triphasic model?

A

Sexual desire (psychological/ cognitive component)

Vasocongestion (excitement)

Muscular contractions (orgasm)

• Brought in aspect of psychological component that can prepare people for a sexual emcountrer
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19
Q

What does the Kaplan triphasic model think about vasocongestion and myotonia?

A

Thought of as separate processes

  • Location: parasympathetic vs. sympathetic
  • Body part: blood vessels vs. muscles
  • Control: involuntary vs. some learned control
  • Impairment: erectile vs. ejaculation
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20
Q

What is the Basson’s Intimacy model?

A

Desire before arousal

  • Begin sex for intimacy, experience arousal, experience desire
  • Women may be less aware of genital vasocongestion and arousal
21
Q

What did Bassons intimacy model say about couples in longterm relationships?

A
  • Studied lonterm couples
  • Not unusually for a longer term relationshp wont always have the same desire on the same life all the time
  • If it wasn’t initiated by the person who wasn’t aroused then all the physiological aspects of arounsal still happened later
22
Q

What is the dual control model?

A

Two basic processes Excitation (arousal response) and Inhibition (stopping arousal response)

Research is over focussed on excitement/ arousal

Ability to inhibit sexual arousal appropriately is essential to healthy social functioning

23
Q

Who invented to dual control model?

A

John Bancroft

24
Q

Is there differences in orgasm between he sexes?

A

Subjective descriptions of orgasm by college students

Male/female reports indistinguishable

25
Q

Can both sexes have multiple orgasms?

A

Kinsey Research
-14% of women regular multiples

Masters and Johnson

  • 5-20 orgasms in masturbation
  • Sample of nurses: 43% regular multiples

Men?
Possible if no loss of erection or ejaculation

26
Q

What is the other term for the g-spot?

A

Grafenberg Spot

Female prostate

27
Q

Where is the female G spot and what does it do?

A

Located on front vaginal wall; ducts open into urethra

  • Ejaculate’s smell, taste and composition is different than urine
  • Alkaline like prostate fluid

Stimulated by fingers, rear entry, female on top positions

  • identifiable by MRI
  • produces Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
28
Q

Where is the male g-spot?

A

Perineum
-Area between scrotum and anus

Prostate gland

  • Access through anus (finger curved towards belly)
  • May feel walnut shaped bump
29
Q

What are the implications of faking an orgasm?

A

Concerns
-Hinders partner’s learning of your arousal

-Opens up cycle of miscommunication
mistrust

*both genders can fake

30
Q

What are the characteristics and how you get an erection?

A

Cognitive and/or tactile stimulation-> lowest part of spinal cord

  • Sacral region
  • Vasocongestion

Message to parasympathetic division of ANS

Muscles relax, arteries expand, blood flows
-valves reduce blood flow out during erect

31
Q

What is the physiology of ejaculation?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic divisions of the nervous system are involved

Ejaculation centre triggers a muscular response

  • lumbar portion
  • Sympathetic stimulation of muscular contractions
32
Q

What are the issues with ejaculaiton?

A

Rapid Ejaculation

  • Premature ejaculation
  • -Kegels
  • -Stop Start technique

Delayed Ejaculation

Situational Ejaculatory dysfunction

Retrograde Ejaculation

  • Dysfunction of the internal and external sphincters
  • Ejaculate empties into the bladder
  • Dry orgasm results
  • Harmless condition
33
Q

where is the sensory input reflex for females in the spinal cord?

A

Sacral portion

34
Q

Which nerves fibres innervate the clit and vagina?

A

Sympathetiic and parasympathetic

35
Q

What primes the Brian to respond to sexuall stimuli?

A

Hormones

-can influences sexual behaviour and function

36
Q

What does testosterone affect in terms of sexual desire?

A

Libido and sexual desires in both genders

37
Q

Where is testosterone produced in either genders?

A

Males produce testosterone in the testicles

Females produce testosterone from the ovaries and adrenal glands

38
Q

What are pheramones?

A

Olfactory centres of the brain closely associated to areas of the brain stimulated during sexual response

Biochemical compounds secreted outside the body

Non Human animals use pheromones in communication and optimize copulatory reproductive success

Cranial nerve zero found in humans and non-human animals

39
Q

What are aphrodisiacs?

A

Substances that increase (or people believe increase) sexual desire

Varies from person to person

No proof or these that substances that increase sexual desire , supposed to entice and encourage behaviours

40
Q

What are the categories of aphrodisiacs?

A

Foods (e.g., oysters, bull’s testicles, ground reindeer antlers)

Herbs

Drugs/alcohol (e.g., small amounts of alcohol, amyl nitrate)

Exercise

Cold showers

Potassium Nitrate

41
Q

What are the sexual side effects?

A

With SSRI therapy for depression/anxiety

  • Sexual side effects common
  • Pharmaceutical companies claim the side effects should reverse with cessation of treatment
42
Q

What influences arousal?

A

Sight
Sound
Taste/smell
Erogenous zones

43
Q

What were the general thoughts about masturbation in the 19thc

A

Fear it would lead to insanity, illness, sterility

44
Q

What are the thoughts about masturbation in todays day and age?

A

Today we know there are no health risks

  • May have therapeutic benefit
  • -Correlation between masturbation in adolescence and sexual satisfaction in marriage
45
Q

What is cyber sex?

A

Sexual intimacy achieved while online without physical contact with a partner

  • self-stimulation
  • intimate photos or videos shared
  • sexually stimulating dialogue
46
Q

How do you achieve effective communication?

A

When intentions match impact

Chose appropriate time and dont make assumption

Avoid non-constructive communication

Active listening

Body language

47
Q

What are some communication techniques for delivering a message?

A

Use “I” language

Don’t engage in mind reading

Be specific
-Document if necessary

Accentuate the positive

Draw a partner out

48
Q

What are keys to exceptional sex?

A

being entirely present during sex

interpersonal connection

deep intimacy through mutual self disclosure

reciprocal emotional sensitivity

emotional safety to be uninhibited and vulnerable

exploration and sexual growth

opportunity for optimal connection and personal growth

Sex Psych (27 decks)

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