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Sex Psych > Chapter 10 & 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 & 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of infancy stage?

A

0-2years
● Tumescence 

● Self-stimulation

● Infant - infant encounters -sexual encounters – gazing, patting, kissing

● Non-sexual, sensual experiences – bathing, cuddles

● Attachment - psychological bond that forms between an
infant and the mother, father, or other caregiver

● Knowing about gender differences


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2
Q

What are the characteristics of early childhood?

A 
3-7years
● Masturbation
● Same-sex behaviour
● Sex knowledge and interests
● Some other sex play – boys and girls may hold hands or “play doctor”
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3
Q

What is masturbation?

A

● pleasurable and normal behaviour
● children learn that masturbation is private behaviour during this
period

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4
Q

What is same sex behaviour?

A

● sexual play with one’s own gender during late childhood and preadolescence may be common

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5
Q

Why is childhood sexuality research done?

A

Early theories still influence psycho-social discussion about childhood sexuality

Stages of development

Research wasnt sound or ethically procured back in the day for sexuality research

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6
Q

What is the issue with sexual research in children?

A

Need to understand childhood sexuality because we always looking at it from adult point of view

Absence of data in sufficient quantities to make strong conclusions, Leads to theories, and unsubstantiated
hypotheses

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7
Q

How is sexual data collected?

A

Surveys in which people recall their childhood sexual behaviour.

Interviews of children – raises ethical issues

Talking computer interviews – computer presents questions
through headphones, child types in answers

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8
Q

What did Kinseys work show?

A

(-) biases due to memory and estimates
✤ Non-purposeful distortions
-Might just remember wronge, not purposefully hiding anything
✤ Purposeful distortions
-Give worng answer as a participant because they feel shae because of the answer theyy mightgi give

Influences on memories
✤ Family stories, pictures
✤ Effects of trauma

Over and under-estimates

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9
Q

What are the benefits of child surveys?

A

There are benefits to collecting accurate data on childhood sexuality

Informed by social, political and religious ideas

Parents and guardians must provide consent on behalf of the child

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10
Q

What has to be done every time there is a child sexuality study?

A

harms benefit analysis

-cant harm one group for data

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11
Q

Why is it important to study childhood sexual behaviour?

A

In part, due to its relationship to sexual abuse

Teachers and parents comfortable teaching sexual educaiton?

Some parents don’t want it taught in school

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12
Q

What are the data sources used in childhood sexual behaviour studies?

A

Direct observation

(-) ethical issues

  • Location, representative conditions
  • Practicality

(-) infrequency of sexual behaviour

(-) observer effects
-Looking for certain behaviours

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13
Q

What was the AAP study about?

A

1998

1000 children (2-12yrs)

Used Child Sexual Behaviour Inventory (3rd)

Also a checklist to assess other familial factors (hours in daycare, family stress etc)

Assessed by primary female caregivers (who were trained)

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14
Q

What are some of the childhood sexual behaviours most frequently seen in children 2-5?

A 
✤ Touches genitals at home & public
✤ Touches breasts
✤ Tries to look at others when they are nude
✤ Gets upset when adults kiss
✤ Hugs adults they do not know well
✤ Stands too close to others
✤ Shows genitals to adults
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15
Q

What are some of the childhood sexual behaviours most infrequently seen in children 2-5?

A

Talks flirtatiously

Makes sexual sounds

Touches animal sex parts

Pretends toys are having sex

Shows sex parts to children

Undresses adults against their will

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16
Q

What is the conclusion of the child sexual behaviour studies?

A

Children display various types of sexual behaviors with varying frequency

Even when there was no indication of sexual abuse

Self-stimulating behaviors and exhibitionism are most frequent

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17
Q

What is the observer effect?

A

Primary female care-givers (mothers) who felt childhood sexual behaviour was normal reported more sexual behaviours within the study

Self stimulatin behaviour normal in 205 yrs, and is normal but should tell them to do it in proivate

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18
Q

How do children construct their own initiated activities and social relationship?

A

rule breaking

labels and categories

differing tolerances for boys and girls

gender normative rules of behavior

Different in ways male and female play and tolerance of behaviour, rules, hierarchies

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19
Q

Do boys and girls see things differently?

A 
✤ Social separations of boys and girls
✤ In-group emotional excitement
✤ Power hierarchies
✤ Negotiating friendships and dyads (constructing intimacy)
✤ Bonding through mutual self disclosure
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20
Q

What do boys do more of?

A

Boys used more “dirty” words compared to girls
✤ linked to bonding

Boys more active atheltically
Little discussion of intimacy and less perosnal disclosures

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21
Q

What do women do more of?

A

✤ Girls more interested in relationship building and romance

✤ lots of discussions of relationship rules

✤ more self disclosures

✤ more emphasis on appearance

22
Q

What are influences on children sexuality beyond the school environment?

A 
✤ After school activities
✤ Sports clubs
✤ Summer camps
✤ Neighbourhood interactions
✤ Religious ceremonies and rituals 
✤ Familial generational expectations 
✤ Cultural frameworks
✤ Audio and visual media
23
Q

What are the ambiguities of sex through the lifespan?

A

Learn things about sexual behaviour at different times

we learn interrelationship between:
✤biological sex
✤gender identity 
✤attraction
✤physical sexuality ✤emotional connection ✤desire and arousal ✤cultural norms

✤socially learned activities and their meanings
✤navigating and making sense of first experiences ✤sexuality through the lifespan

24
Q

Why should we acknowledge child as sexual being?

A

Most people think they are Not sexual beings, pure souls, but we are negating am aspect of the human condition and sheltering children from that info

25
Q

What is the social construct of sexuality?

A

Sexual meanings of an adult world influence children and youth
✤ Misunderstood by youth
✤ Uncomfortable for adults
✤ Boundaries shifting with globalization and mass media abundance

If respinse by adult is kinda negative then you are going to be less apt to be open and not ask those kinds of questions ini the future

26
Q

How is sexuality in infancy and preschool years portrayed?

A

Our first attachments are to our parents and first care- givers

Research supports that infant attachment style may be predictive of a person’s ability to attach within interpersonal romantic relationships later in the lifespan (sexual beings from birth to death)

27
Q

What are the caregivers attachment styles?

A

if caregiver is attentive, adults attachment style is secure approach to relationships

if caregiver is cold/rejected, adults attachment style its avoidant approach to relationships

if caregiver is inconsistent, adults attachment style its anxious approach to relationships

28
Q

When do kids discover their genitals?

A

6-12 months

Touching increases as overall coordination improves (normal)

Observed at homes, day cares, pre-schools

29
Q

When do we say child-child encounters?

A

Parallel play
Socialization begins around age 4-5 and may include body explorations
-Playing doctor
-Observances of intimate contacts
-Primal scene (parents having sex)
-Age-appropriate de-briefing depending on the comfort level of parents

30
Q

What are infants and preschoolers interested in in terms of sexuality?

A

Interest in nudity & other peoples bodies

Interest in intimate behaviours such as kissing

Beginning knowledge of anatomical differences between the genders

Optimal age to introduce language that challenges societal stereotypes

31
Q

What happens in children 5-11?

A

Technically during Freud’s latency period

Huge point of critique since MUCH is happening during this time period

Adrenarche 8-10 years
-Increasing hormones nin males nd females,

Secondary sex characteristics (shouldn’t be a surprise)

  • Maturing of the adrenal glands
  • Females will begin maturation processes before males typically
32
Q

What is the mixed sex behaviour in children 5-11?

A

Pre-adolescence is a time when youth often learn about intercourse (Attraction can come in a variety of ways and have questions about it and what these terms mean )

May or may not learn about the diversity of sexual encounters or all the ways in which attraction can evolve over the lifespan
✤ Same-sex relationships
✤ Manual sex/ penetrative sex
✤ Oral sex

33
Q

What are the sex knowledge and interest in children 5-11?

A

Societal heteronormativity is acknowledged in progressive schooling environments

Safe Spaces

Gay Straight Alliances

Overt effort must be made to discuss heterosexism and its links to homophobia in order to support LGBTQ-identified youth during adolescence

34
Q

What is the transition from children to adolescent norms like?

A

Genders often socially separated in elementary school

9-11 years of age mixed friendships and relationship explorations begin to evolve

Gender differences
✤ romance or sexual acts first?

Sexual boundaries pre-defined
✤ sexual scripts of adolescence
✤ heterosexist norms

35
Q

When do puberty changes start to occur?

A

9-10 first puberty changes occur

36
Q

What happens to children in 8-12 years?

A

Other-sex behaviour

● May experience first sexual attraction
● Boys and girls who are attracted to the same gender may do
some sexual questioning

Boys and girls learn about masturbation in different ways

37
Q

Why is same sex behaviour common in preadolescent?

A

Same-sex behaviour quite common due to preadolescent social organization.

38
Q

What is gender segregation?

A

Sex/gender-segregated - social grouping in which males play and associate with other males and females associate with other females; genders are separate from each other

39
Q

When do kids start to hang out with the opposite sex?

A

By age 10 or 11 children begin to spend time in mixed gender groups

40
Q

What are adolescent more influenced by?

A

Mass media

Research found that media portrayals reinforce stereotype views of sexual behaviour and sexual relationships

41
Q

What does the media do to women?

A

Sexualization of girls and women
● Sexual objectification
● Emphasis on sexual body parts
● A person is a sexual object

● Physical attractiveness is linked to being sexy
● Personal worth based on their sexual desirability

42
Q

What are the attitudes adolescence have towards masturbation?

A

Attitudinal change from fearing self-abusing masturbation as a scourge that can lead to physical and mental illness

Health data supports masturbation as a part of partnered and un-partnered sexuality

Female masturbation still lacking within sexual health curriculums

43
Q

What is the heteronormative sexual script for adolescence?

A

Deep open mouth kissing

Touching above the waist

Touching below the waist

Oral sex

Sexual intercourse

Some behaviours are engaged outside of a relationship

44
Q

What has resulted from the sexual revolution for females?

A

Birth control became available

separation sexual please and procreation

Changes in attitudes

Access to online information

45
Q

What is abstinence?

A

No intercourse

Especially outside of marriage

“Preached” in early sex education as the most reliable form of birth control

46
Q

What do adolescent romantic relationships involve?

A

BF/GF often involves sexual activities of varying, progressing degrees

May or not be acknowledged by parents and educators

Huge impact on psychological development, self-esteem, sense of self-efficacy

Quality of the relationship and communication will be influential throughout the life-span

47
Q

What is the first intercourse experience like?

A

More positive experiences associated with:

  • Experience of orgasm
  • Close relationship with partner
  • Males are likely to experience orgasm than females
  • Men reported less guilt and greater pleasure but also more anxiety (performance, supposed to know it all)
48
Q

What are the 4 attitudes toward adolescent intercourse?

A

Abstinence
Permissiveness with affection
Permissiveness without affection
Double Standard

49
Q

What is permissiveness with affection?

A

intercourse is permissible if occurs

within stable relationship which involves love and commitment

50
Q

What is permissiveness without affection?

A

intercourse is right for both sexes just on the basis of physical attraction

51
Q

What is a double standard?

A

acceptable for males to have sex but not females

52
Q

What are the dangers of learning about sexuality through the media?

A

✤ No clarification

✤ misunderstanding about sexual scripts
✤ communication
✤ consent

✤ Pressure to have expertise

✤ Dangers of exposure to explicit and/or pornographic content

Sex Psych (27 decks)

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