Chapter 2- Part 1 Flashcards
What is the evolutionary perspectives: Sociobiology?
The application of evolutionary biology to
understanding the evolutionary routes of human behaviour through social behaviour
-Humans and non-human animals
-Promoted by E.O. Wilson (sociobiologist)
What are the key aspect of socio-biology and other
evolutionary perspectives involves an emphasis on what?
strong, healthy offspring and so on and so on…
What is natural selection?
The process by which the individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes to the next generation
What did Charles Darwin believe in?
Believed in “survival of the fittest”
-Animals that adapted to their environment where more likely to survive
What is the process of industrial melanism?
Shows the the basis of principles involved in natural selection
Effect was that the peppered moth’ s light appearance made it vulnerable to predators when sitting on sooty buildings from coal production
Mutations created a darker phenotype
-Darker peppered moths less vulnerable to predators
-Natural selection favoured the darker moths which better adapted to their polluted environments
■Thus survived
What is Darmins finches and natural selection?
Darwin noticed a number of species of finches in the Galapagos Islands
Beaks have evolved
to allow for
successful eating
Thus essential nutrition
- Health
- Ability to pass on genes
- Survival
What is process one of sexual selection from Darwin?
Intra-sexual selection where members of a gender (male or female) compete against one another for access to desirable members of the other gender
What is process two of sexual selection from Darwin?
Inter-sexual selection where one gender preferentially chooses desirable members of the opposite gender
- Often females choose the desirable males
- Males may have a preferred status
- Alpha status
What is evolutionary Psychology?
Focuses on psychological mechanisms and processes that have been shaped by natural selection rather than on sexual behaviour
- Acknowledges the cognitive and emotional components of sexual intentions
- Acknowledges that not all relationships are for reproductive pairings
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud’s significantly influential psychological theory of human sexuality
Considered sex to be “one of the key forces in human life”
What is libido according to Freud?
Sex drive (energy) -a major life-driving forces
What did Freud believe are the 3 major parts of the personality?
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO
What is the id?
Present at birth, base characteristic that is driven by pleasure; contains the libido’s psychic energy
What is the Ego?
Tries to control the Id’s irrationality selfishness with rational thought
What is the Superego?
The human conscience
-driven by idealism Influenced by socialization, learning, experience
