Chapter 4 - Part 3 Flashcards
What is cancer?
Dysfunction of DNA/cell division and proliferation/cell death
What is the second deadliest cause of death in North America?
Cancer in the most developed nations
How do you decrease the psychological stress of getting a cancer diagnosis?
Strong relationship with a partner can moderate the adjustment and decrease psychological distress following a cancer diagnosis
-sexuality is vulnerable post-diagnosis
How might sexual functioning be directly affected by cancer?
Surgery
Radiaiton
Chemo
Meds
How might sexual functioning be indirectly affected by cancer?
Anxiety
Depresison
Decreased energy/fatigue
What is the common type of treatment of cancer?
Surgery Radiaition Oral and intravenous meds Chemo Surveillance
What chance do women have of getting breast cancer?
1 in 8
-5-10% due to genetic factors
What significance do the breast have for women?
Femininity
Sexuality
Maternal construct
How can relationship distress/strain result from a women getting Brest cancer?
Womans concern about body image
- post lumectomy
- mastectomy
- reconstruction
What is BSE?
breast self examination
How do you do a BSE?
palpating breast to detect alteration in underlying tissue
Once per month, same day each month 10 days after cycle. either standing up or down
How many people do BSE?
Relatively few women practice BSE
Few women practice BSE correctly
What are the barriers to BSE?
Not knowing exactly how to do it
Breast tissue tends to be lumpy and beginners find lumps frequently
Fear may act as a deterrent
Synthetic models help accuracy and confidence
How do you diagnose breast cancer?
Can identify cyst
-fibrocystic mastitis
Can identify cysts other lesions
- fibroadenoma (benign tumor)
- malignant tumor
Used to guide biopsy of tissue
-guides needle biopsy
What machines can diagnose breast cancer?
MRI (gold standard)
Mammorgrams (women 50+)
When are MRIs used to detect breast cancer?
Significant fam history
Positive genetic screening for BRCA1/2 mutations Previous cancer diagnosis
Why are mammograms only recommended for women 50+?
Denser breast tissue for younger people which is why we reecommend 50+
How is breast cancer treated?
Surgery Radiation Chemo Hormone therapy Surgery
What percent of women have reconstruction surgery?
75% or women will have breast reconsrtrction surgery
-silicone or saline
What is TRAM?
Transverse rectus abdominis
-rectus abdominis muscle
What % of people have cervical cancer/endometrium cnacer
12%
-highly treatable is detected early
What causes cervical cancer and how do you treat it?
HPV and Gardasil vaccine
How do you diagnose cervical cancer?
Pap test
Colposcopy
Cone Biopsy
How do you remove cerival cancer cells?
LEEP precede
Conization
Hysterectomy
How does cancer spread?
Cancer can spread through the lymphnodes and therefore the whole body
What is uterine cancer?
Endometrium affected
- S&S are pelvic pain and bleeding between period
- diagnos with biopsy
- Treat with removal of uterus
What is ovarian cancer?
Affecting ovaries only, often diagnosed in later stages because S&S are similar to a lot more common things
-treat with oophorectomy
Why are gynaecological cancers bad?
Altering female reproductive organs can affect sense of female-ness
Affect fertility
Physical therapies can make sexual expression challenging
What are the sexual side effects of gynaecological cancers?
loss of desire
Physical changes that affect sexual expression
communication issues with sexual partners
Sexuality being lower priority
Related to quality of life
What are the needs of survivors of gynaecological cancers?
Communicaition about how sexuality can be affected by this diagnosis
Proper assessment for risk of sexual issues
Management strategies for dealing with sexual issues
Support (practical, informational and emotional)
What is BPH?
benign prostatic hypertrophy is common with aging and non-cancerous
What I cancer of the prostate?
Cells are sometimes malignant
-detected through PSA (blood test) and digital rectum exam
What are treatments for prostate cancer?
Surgery
Cyrosurgery
Radiation
Brachytherapy
How do you diagnose which stage you are at for prostate cancer?
Gleason pattern to diagnos the score and it will determine how aggressive the treatment will be
Who is most likely to get testicular cancer?
Men 15-35
What is testicular cancer?
Present as a painless lump on testes
- can have bearing down sensation
- differenctial diagnosis from benign causes of lumps in the testes
- varicoceles
How do you treat testicular cancer?
Ultra sound for intial mass
Blood teat for tutor markers
How to do a proper TSE?
Become familiar with surface texture, consistency of testicles
Exam during warm bath and shower
Rotate testicle between thumb and forefinger to detect lump
What is the effects on sexuality of testicular canceR?
Decreased testosterone production
- may affect desire
- other testicle still producing hormone
Sexual functioning can be affected by
- body image issue
- concerns in relation to partners
