Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are the stereotypes and who discriminates towards gays?
● Too feminine
● Too masculine
● Accessories
● Organizations
Why does homophobia kills?
Suicide due to lack of support and/or experienced aggression
Loss of hope for a sustainable future
What is the “it gets better campaign”?
Celebs saying its okay to be gay
What are some of the historical attitudes towards gays?
● Homophobia
● Fear mongering
● Misunderstanding
● Canadian Blood Services
● 2019: 3 months abstinence for MSM eligibility
- Ongoing challenges to end discriminatory practices
What are the macro institutions in society?
● Government ● Law ● Medicine ● Religion ● Education Systems ● Non-governmental ● Organizations (NGOs)
What did the government do to gays back in the day during the war?
● The RCMP ran a campaign to identify “homosexuals” in the civil service
● Occurring during the cold war era under PM John Diefenbaker
● The military police ran a campaign to identify “homosexuals” in the military
● These campaigns were run simultaneously
Why was the government afraid of gays in the war?
● Fear that “homosexuality” was synonymous with weakness and possible susceptibility to blackmail by foreign entities.
Concern that gay men and women would be at risk for being compromised by foreign governments
- The nations secrets could be accessed
- No examples are documented
What is the fruit machine?
“Fruit Machine” known as ‘the special project”
Hoped to use it as a screening tool for government and military applicants although never implemented
Even though the machine was not used, the special project resulted in harassment and work disruption for 400 workers
-Loss of livelihood, housing, employment and in some cases loss of life
When was the first gay marriage in the military?
2005 first gay marriage in the military
When did Justin Trudeau apologize to the LGBTQ+ community?
Justin Trudeau pledged to apologize to the LGBTQ+ community in 2016. His apology was on November 28, 2017
PM Trudeau apologizes to government officials adversely affected by historical LGBTQ+ discrimination
What did the government with PE Trudeau do to apologize?
Apology also cleared the criminal records of anyone convicted of engaging in “homosexual” activity
Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in 1969 by Pierre E Trudeau
Records say it continued into the early 1990’s even though “homosexuality” was decriminalized in 1969 by P.E. Trudeau
What do we have to realize with anodes apology?
Canada seen as progressive
Cannot overlook difficult history
Acknowledgement required to move forward
- Apologies
- Commitment to protecting human rights
What is the historical influence of religion on gay people?
● Religious justifications for vilification
● Referred to gay men as sodomites
● punishable and to be avoided despite well documented diversity sexual practices
What was the medicalization of gay people?
● Psychiatry deemed homosexuality as a diagnosis
● The term homosexuality is not used
● subtext that the “problem” of “homosexuality” is a pathology and needs diagnosis and intervention
When was gay declassified as a medical disorder?
Declassified as a medical disorder in the DSM II 1973, however pathologizing persisted.
- Sexual Orientation Disturbance
- Ego Dystonic Homosexuality (EDH)
- Completely omitted DSM III-R in 1987
How did homosexuality become declassified?
There was continued difficulty with terminology for several years
The Association of Gay and Lesbian Psychiatrists (AGLP) advocated for all terminology related to sexual orientation as a pathology to be removed in the DSM III R
Position statement on reparative therapy
What is conversion therapy?
Conversion/reparative therapy - any one of a number of treatments designed to turn LGB into heterosexuals
● Usually pressure from family
● Does not change sexual orientation but makes
individual feel very guilty
When did Ontario ban conversion therapy?
2015
-but available in other places in the world
Why is the word homosexuality not used?
● Emphasizes sexual behaviour (homo=same) instead of sexual identity
● It is ambiguous and usually associated with gay men
What is correlated with homophobia?
Societal heterosexism and heteronormativity
How have homophobic words evolved overtime?
Homophobic words that have been used historically have been reclaimed by the LGBT2Q2A+ community
What is pansexual?
● Attraction to a person of any sexual orientation of gender identity
● Omnisexual
● Polisexual
How do NGOs ease the journey for youth?
Create a supportive environment for LGBTQ+ youth
● Social Support is a Social Determinant of Heath (SDOH)
● Camp started in Saskatchewan and Alberta
What is the GSA and how does it help youth?
● Gay-Straight Alliances based in schools
● Initiated and run by students with
teacher volunteer support
Safe haven and source of information for students, teachers and parents
What are the benefits of a GSA in schools?
● Promote safety in schools for all students
● Acknowledge that the teen years are stressful and teens exploring their sexual orientation or gender identity may need additional support
● Provides a social sphere for youth
● Reduces isolation and provides a sense of purpose
● Implores the school community to examine harassment and discrimination in their environment and work towards compassion and support through education
Why is language important?
● Be conscious that language evolves and educate yourself
● The Queer Community advises governments, organizations and media about proper terminology and challenging dominant assumptions and paradigms
What do organizations like ACLU, GLAAD media reference guide do?
Educate macro institutions and media to present the right language to the public
What is hate speech?
- Any speech, gesture or conduct, writing, or display which is forbidden because it may incite violence or prejudicial action against or by a protected individual or group, or because it disparages or intimidates a protected individual or group
What is a hate crime?
- A hate crime is defined as a “criminal offence against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation.”
- misgendering
What can the government try and do to help same sex families?
» Making The road to having children for gay men and lesbian women easier through
» surrogacy » sperm donation » May mix samples » Egg donation » IVF » Non-biological partner(s) adopts child
What is category X?
KINSEY
1948: CATEGORY X
- refered to asexuals
What is asexual?
research participants reported no socio- sexual contacts or reactions
What % of the population is asexual?
Most researchers today believe around 1.05% of the population to be asexual
Around 70 million people
Prevalence may be higher
More common in women than men
Who wrote the first academic paper on asexuality?
Anthony Bogaert (2004)
Professor at Brock University (Ontario)
What was the implication of bogarts study about asexuality?
Important to understand concepts and accurate information about asexual identification
helps us learn about all aspects of sexuality
Adds to literature on sexuality spectrums and orientations towards subject identifications and relationship seeking
What is aromantic?
An orientation in which no romantic attraction is felt towards anyone
What is the split attraction model?
The idea that sexual and romantic attraction fall under two different spectrums
What is AVEN?
The asexual visibility and education network
Website that begin a dialogue about asexuality
- started in 2001/2002
- inclusive of all self-identifications
Intent to educate and address invisibility and stigma
Became a source where people gather
Why was AVEN important to research?
Researchers sought participants and research assistants for studies that included the lived experiences of people that identified With asexuality
What did Scherrer 2008 note?
Noted absence of academic literature on the subject of asexuality
Like Bogaert, criticized past research that focuses on “causal explanations” and medicalization of the asexual community
What did brotto and yule 2009 note?
Discuss the research issues caused by a lack of operational definition of asexuality
- stated that it hinders academic research
What did cardigan 20011 note?
Provided a Sociological perspective
Advocated for expanding terminology (terms and concepts) for articulation of differences and affirmations of the things that people have in common
What is the history between Asexuality and the DSM 5
Though hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder are both classed in the DSM IV, the DSM V adds “If better explained by self- identification as asexual, a diagnosis will not be made”
what is the misconception about asexuality and trauma?
Misconception that asexual or aromantic identities must be connected to past trauma and that has to the be cause of their asexualness
