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Sex Psych > Chapter 5/6 > Flashcards

Chapter 5/6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Ovum released mid cycle from an ovary

-triggered by LH

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2
Q

What stimulates follicle development?

A

FSH

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3
Q

What is menstruation?

A

Cyclical bleeding that stems from the shedding of uterine lining (endometrium)
-day 1 first day of flow

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4
Q

What is menarche?

A

First menstrual flow

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5
Q

In the menstrual cycle what is phase 1 and when does it start?

A

begins with 1st day of flow

Estrogen dominant phase

Leads to ovulation

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6
Q

What happens to the endometrium in phase 1?

A

Endometrium sloughs away
-flow lasts 4-7days

Heavy vs light flow varies

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7
Q

How many follicles are rebased from the ovaries?

A

1

leaves corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen during luteal phase

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8
Q

What is the ovulatory phase?

A

When the folicle is released from the ovary

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9
Q

What is Mittelschmerz?

A

Felt on one side only each cycle

-can feel the follicle leave the ovary

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10
Q

What happens in phase 2 of menstrual cycle?

A

Directly after ovulation

Progesterone dominant

Uterine lining at thickest

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11
Q

What is TSS?

A

Toxic shock syndrome

  • related to bacterial growth
  • strep and staph love moist damp areas
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12
Q

What is PMS?

A

Premenstrual syndrome

-Physical psychological and behavioural symptoms that precedes menses each month and stop a few days after menstruation

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13
Q

What is PMDD?

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

  • 3 to 5% of women would meet clinical criteria for diagnosis
  • need at least 5 symptoms
  • Severe changes in mood and functioning
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14
Q

When do you normally see PMS symptoms?

A

Week before menses, and resolution within days after menstruation

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15
Q

What does research ay about menses?

A

Research does not support any statistically significant intellectual or mechanical fluctuations over the cycle

Sex drive may be primed during ovulation or just before

Non human animal community copulation often driven by female estrus cycle

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16
Q

What kind of behaviour increases during puberty?

A

Sensation seeking behaviour increased

  • push boundaries with adults
  • high intensity/exciting experiences desired
  • Curiosity about aspects of human sexuality
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17
Q

how can periods be different?

A

Irregular periods
Dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis
Amenorrhea

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18
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

Painful menstruation

  • frequency and severity varies
  • caused by secondary prostaglandins (nerve sensitivity and blood vessels change) this causes the Smooth muscle of thee uterus to contract causing pain
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19
Q

How can someone reduce pain for dysmenorrhea?

A 
NSAIDS
Botanical meds
Supplement 
Nutritional interventions
-can reduce prostaglandins production and reduce pain
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20
Q

What did masters and Johnson prescribe for dysmenorrhea?

A

Orgasm to dissipate pelvic congestion

21
Q

Why is coitus during mestruation taboo?

A

Cultural and historical references see sexual relations during the time of menstruation as dirty or immoral or sacred

22
Q

Is there evidence that coitus during menstruation is harmful?

A

No evidence

23
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrial lining spreads beyond the uterus to other parts of the internal sexual organs or pelvic cavity

Pain and discomfort results from an inability of sloughed endometrial tissue to exit the body

24
Q

What is the treatment for endometriosis?

A

Hormone therapy

Surgery (laser)

25
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

Primary: absence of menstruation (by about age 18)

Secondary: Lack of menstruation in a woman who has previously menstruated at least once
-cycle doesn’t return 2 years after pregnancy

26
Q

What are the secondary health issues to amenorrhea?

A

Disordered eating/exercise patterns
Hormonal imbalances
Endocrine issues
Cessation of menstruation is expected during pregnancy and after menopause

27
Q

What is conception?

A

Spemr and egg meet and fertilization happens

28
Q

Where does conception occur?

A

Outer third of the Fallopian tube

-infundibulum

29
Q

How common is it for couples to become pregnant?

A

20% of couples will conceive within the first mensrtual cycle

50% will conceive within 6 cycles

30
Q

What are factors that promote conception of ova?

A

Mature oocyte released mid cycle

Surrounded by nutritive layer
-zona pellucida

Enters the oviduct with help of the fimbrae

31
Q

How long can an egg be fertilized for after its released?

A

12-24 hours

-egg secretes chemical which attracts sperm to egg

32
Q

What is the best position to get pregnant?

A

Missionary position

Pelvic tilt after sex for 30-60 mins

33
Q

What are some factors that can chapping conception?

A 
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Amenorrhea
Blocked Fallopian tubes
Hostile mucous
Antisperm antibodies
Advanced maternal age
34
Q

Who first identified sperm?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 17thC with 300x magnified glass

35
Q

What are the factors that can promote conception (sperm)?

A

Number of sperm

Structure and function of head mid piece and tail

36
Q

Why is a lot of sperm helpful?

A

Inner sperm are protected

Sperm heal break down the ova outer shell so one can enter

37
Q

Why is structure and function of sperm important?

A

Acrosome: has enzyme hyaluronidase

Midpiece houses mitochondria

Tail makes sperm motile

38
Q

What are factors that challenge conception in males?

A

Post STI
Low sperm count
Varicocele
Low motility

39
Q

What are the definitions of infertility?

A

Womans inablity to conceive and give birth to living child

Mans ability to impregnante woman

Sterility is an absolute factor

40
Q

What are factors related to ovulation and the uterine environment in relation to infertility?

A 
Hormonal Factor
Egg Factor
oviduct Factor
Unterine health
Sperm structure, motility, function

Female and male factors account for 40% each of infertility

41
Q

What is the leftover 20% of infertility caused by?

A

Combination factors

42
Q

When does a couple become indertile?

A

Diagnosed when attempts at conceiving have been unsuccessful for 1 year
-or after 6 months if woman is over 35

43
Q

What is IVF?

A

Involves ova and sperm being combined in Petri dish, cell division continues until blastocyst stage (day 5)

Embryo implanted in uterus

44
Q

What is PGD?

A

Prenatal genetic diagnosis to assess genetic linked conditions

45
Q

What do women have to take with IVF?

A

Hormone therapy to maintain pregnancy

-progestin

46
Q

What is clomiphene (clomid)

A

Upregulates ovulation

47
Q

What is IUI?

A

Places sperm closer to the oviduct entrance for conception (assisted insemination)

48
Q

What are the different kinds of embryo transfer?

A

GIFT: gamete intra-fallopian transfer
-egg and sperm are deposited into Fallopian tube at the same time but separately

ZIFT: zygote intrafallopian transfer
-merge sperm and egg on Petri dish and then put into uterus

49
Q

What are the ethics of assisted reproductive tech?

A 
Parental age
Gender selection
Genetic screening 
Reproduction cloning 
Tech potential and legal catchup

Sex Psych (27 decks)

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