Chapter 15 Flashcards
Who was the first person to document different sexual variations?
Richard von Krafft-Ebing
- documented in a descriptive and analytic way
- book called psychopath sexualis 1887
When did sexual variations begin to be extensively discussed?
Sexual variations had begun to be extensively discussed among professionals by the end of the 19th century.
Although intended for professional audiences, the book became of interest amongst the general public
What is normality?
Statistical Definitions
Based purely on frequency of behaviour
Varies by culture, time and place
What are the sociological approaches to normality?
Incorporates judgment of social acceptability
Behaviours that are deemed “deviant” result in issues for individuals
Influenced by religious upbringing
- Vary by culture
- Vary by time period
What Isi the psychological approaches to normality?
Psychological approaches defined by Arnold Buss in his 1966 text called Psychopathology. He stated that there are 3 criteria for abnormality:
- Discomfort
- Inefficiency
- “Bizarreness” - cultural defined
What is the medical approaches to normality?
Emphasis on classification, diagnosis, treatment
DSM-5 -current edition recognizes 8 paraphilia disorders
What are the 8 conditions of paraphilia disorders in the DSM 5?
fetishistic disorder
frotteuristic disorder
transvestic disorder
exhibitionistic disorder
voyeuristic disorder
sexual masochism disorder
sexual sadism disorder
pedophilic disorder (changed from pedophila)
Are most paraphiliac illegal?
Most paraphilias are not against the law
Great variation of legal parameters country to country
What did Kleinplatz and Moser do?
Lack of definition of health sexuality inhibits DSM classification of what should be considered a paraphilia
Atypical sexual interests are labelled as paraphilias due to socio-political and historical factors
What did the DSM working group do?
Acknowledge that most people with “atypical” sexual interests do not have mental disorders
To be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder, DSM-5 requires that people with these interests:
-feel personal distress about their interest, not merely distress resulting from society’s disapproval;
or
have a sexual desire or behavior that involves another person’s psychological distress, injury, or death, or a desire for sexual behaviors involving unwilling persons or persons unable to give legal consent.
What is the general definition of paraphilias?
Any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or predatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners. In some circumstances, the criteria “intense and persistent” may be difficult to apply…There are also specific paraphilias that are better described as preferential sexual interests
What is the diagnosis criteria for paraphiilias?
Occurred over a period of at least 6 months
Cause clinically significant distress or impairment OR with coercive paraphilias (e.g., exhibitionism, indecent exposure) person has acted on urges
Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving:
-Non-human objects, suffering and humiliation, children or non- consenting persons
What does the degree of distress in a guiding factor in paraphiilic behaviour that involves what?
1) nonhuman objects
2) the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s sex partner,’
3) involvement of children or other non-consenting persons…” (laws protecting the vulnerable)
When do variations become mental disorders?
Emphasis on distress and impairment in functioning
Compulsiveness
How did Carnes 1983 define sexually compulsive behaviour?
- PREOCCUPATION
Addicted to the thought of the sex act - RITUALS
Certain behaviors are a prelude to the sex act - COMPULSIVE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Feeling of being out of control with the sex behavior
- DESPAIR
Feeling of hopelessness, despair, isolation after completion of the sex act
What is OSA?
Online Sexual Activity (OSA) -use of the internet for any activities of a sexual nature
Why is online sexuality dangerous?
Dangerous due to the three As (anonymity, accessibility, affordability)
What are the compulsive behaviours related. to OSA?
- lack of impulse control
- may lead to social and legal sanctions
- interference in interpersonal functioning
- interference in occupational functioning
- the creation of health risks
OSA that is problematic for individuals will involve what?
- intense and persistent use for at least 6 months
- significant impairment of daily life (work, interpersonal aspects)
- distress (eg. guilt or self-loathing, financial costs)
What is the definition of fetishism?
Characterized by sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors involving the use of non-living objects to produce or enhance sexual arousal
Sexual partners may or may not be involved
Progressed fetishism involves individuals who require the inanimate object to be present in order for arousal and orgasm to occur
What is a media fetish?
The source (media) of which the sexually arousing object is made is the source of pleasure
Eg. Leather
Subcategories: Hard, Soft
What are form fetishes?
The object and/or shape of an object is the source of sexual arousal
Eg. Shoes
What is ABDL nursery services for adult babies/infantalists?
Be a cuddling infant again
Be a little boy requiring discipline
Be a little girl that needs potty training
Be … insert your fantasy here
What are the theories as to why people develop fetishes?
Psychoanalytic theory (Freud)
Biological explanations
Learning theory
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Theory
