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chapter 8 Flashcards

female reproductive system

1
Q

sexual reproduction:

A

-union of the nuclei of the ovum and sperm cell
-ovum and sperm are gametes
-each gamete contains half the # of chromosomes of a normal body cell

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2
Q

gametes (ovum and sperm):

A

-produced in gonads
-female gonads are ovaries and male are testis

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3
Q

fertilization:

A

-ovum leaves the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes
-fertilization takes place if sperm cells are present and unite with the ovum
-fertilized egg implants then divides to form a zygote(and later an embryo then fetus)

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4
Q

organs of the female reproductive system:

A

-ovaries, fallopian tubes & uterus
-cul-de-sac, vagina & Bartholin glands
-utero-ovarian ligaments, ovarian follicles & ovum
-corpus lute, endometrium & myometrium
-uterine serosa, clitoris & perineum

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5
Q

anatomic structure of the breast (sagittal view)

A

-glandular tissue
-fatty tissue
-ducts
-sinuses

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6
Q

menstruation (menstrual cycle)

A

-day 1-5: blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular secretions discharge from the body
-day 6-12: estrogen aids repair of the endometrium, ovum grows on follicle
-day 13-14: the egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube
-day 15-28: corus lute secretes progesterone, and the uterus lining builds up

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7
Q

pregnancy:

A

-if fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the uterine endometrium
-the placenta forms, and attaches to the uterine wall
-amnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavity
-nutrients, oxygen, and wastes exchange between the fetus and mother
-placenta produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
-placenta, chorion & amnion membranes

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8
Q

three stages of labor:

A
  1. dilation and thinning of the cervix
  2. birth of infant
  3. delivery of placenta
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9
Q

hormonal interactions:

A

-pituitary gland secretes: follicle-stimulating (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)
-pituitary gland stops producing FSH & LH during pregnancy & during oral contraceptives

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10
Q

menopause:

A

-gradual ending of the menstrual cycle
-begins between ages of 45-55
-falling estrogen levels

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11
Q

adnexa uteri

A

fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

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12
Q

amnion

A

innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

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13
Q

areola

A

dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast

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14
Q

bartholin glands

A

small, mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice

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15
Q

cervix

A

lower, neck-like portion of uterus

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16
Q

clitoris

A

sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the urethra

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17
Q

coitus (copulation)

A

sexual intercourse

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18
Q

corpus luteum

A

empty ovarian follicle, secretes progesterone after release of egg cell

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19
Q

cul-de-sac

A

region in lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and uterus

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20
Q

embyro

A

stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

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21
Q

endometrium

A

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

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22
Q

estrogen

A

hormone produced by the ovaries that promotes female secondary sex characteristics

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23
Q

fallopian tube(oviduct)

A

one of a pair of ducts through which ovum travels to the uterus

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24
Q

fertilization

A

union of sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops

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25
fetus
stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks
26
fimbriae (singular: fimbria)
finger/fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
27
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the ovum
28
gamete
male or female sexual reproductive cell (sperm or ovum)
29
gentitalia (genitals)
reproductive organs
30
gestation
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
31
gonad
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones (ovary & testis)
32
gynecology
study of femal reproductive organs, including breast
33
human chorionic (hCG)
hormone produced by placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
34
hymen
mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
35
labia
lips of the vagina
36
lactiferous ducts
tubes that carry milk within the breast
37
luteinizing hormone (LH)
secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation
38
mammary papilla
nipple of breast
39
menarche
beginning of the first menstrual period and and ability to reproduce
40
menstruation
monthly shedding of uterine wall
41
myometrium
muscle layer of the uterus
42
neonatology
branch of medicine that studies the disorders & care for the newborn (neonatal)
43
obstetrics
branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
44
orifice
an opening
45
ovarian follicle
developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary
46
ovary
one of a pair of female organs on each side of pelvis, almond-shaped, produce egg cells & hormones
47
ovulation
release of ovum from ovary
48
ovum (plural: ova)
mature egg cell (female gamete)
49
parturition
act of giving birth
50
perineum
area between anus in vagina in females
51
placenta
vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy, allows the exchange of nutrients, & fetal waste products between mother and fetus
52
pregnancy
condition of having a developing embryo & fetus in the female uterus for about 40 weeks
53
progesterone
hormone produced by corpus luteum in ovary & placenta of pregnant women
54
puberty
point in life cycle at which sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
55
perimetrium (uterine serosa)
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
56
uterus
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo & fetus develop, & where menstruation occurs
57
vagina
muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of body
58
vulva
external female genitalia including labia, hymen, clitoris & vaginal orifice
59
zygote
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
60
amni/o
amnion
61
bartholin/o
Bartholin gland
62
cervic/o
cervix, neck
63
chori/o & chorion/0
chorian
64
colp/o
vagina
65
culd/o
cul-de-sac
66
episi/o
vulva
67
galact/o & lact/o
milk
68
gynec/o
woman, female
69
hyster/o & metr/o & uter/o
uterus, womb
70
mamm/o & mast/o
breast
71
men/o
menses, menstruation
72
my/o
muscle
73
myom/o
muscle tumor
74
nat/i
birth
75
obstetr/o
midwife
76
o/o & ov/o & ovul/o
egg
77
oophor/o & ovari/o
ovary
78
perine/o
perineum
79
phor/o
to bear
80
salping/o
fallopian tube
81
vagin/o
vagina
82
vulv/o
vulva
83
-arche
beginning
84
-cyesis & -gravida
pregnancy, pregnant
85
-parous
to bear, bring forth
86
-rrhea
discharge
87
-salpinx
uterine tube
88
-tocia
labor, birth
89
-version
act of turning
90
-pareunia
sexual intercouse
91
oxy-
swift, sharp
92
pseudo-
false
93
dys-
painful
94
endo-
within
95
in-
in
96
intra-
within
97
multi-
many
98
nulli-
no, not, none
99
pre-
before
100
primi-
first
101
retro-
backward
102
cervical cancer
malignant cells within cervix
103
cervicitis
inflammation of cervix
104
endometrial cancer
malignant tumor of uterine lining
105
endometrosis
endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
106
fibroids
benign tumors of the uterus
107
ovarian cancer
malignant tumor of ovary
108
ovarian cysts
collections of fluid within a sac in the ovary
109
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
leading causes are sexually transmitted disease
110
abruptio placentae
premature separation of the normally implanted placenta
111
choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of placenta (rare)
112
ectopic pregnancy
misplaced implantation of an egg
113
APGAR scoring chart
-assessment of a newborn -scoring 1 to 5 min after birth
114
conization
removal of a cone-shaped section of cervix for diagnosis or treatment of cervical dysplasia
115
laparoscopic opphroectomy
ovary is placed in plastic bag and extracted through the laparoscope
116
amniocentesis
needle placement guided by ultrasound images
117
AB
abortion
118
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein-high levels in amniotic fluid of the fetus or maternal serum
119
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2
breast cancer 1 & 2, genetic mutation associated with increased risk for cancer
120
BSE
breast self-examination
121
CA 125
protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer
122
c-section, CS
cesarean section
123
CIN
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
124
CIS
carcinoma in situ
125
CVS
chronic villus sampling
126
cx
cervix
127
D & C
dilation and curretage
128
DCIS
ductal carcinoma in situ
129
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
130
FHR
fetal heart rate
131
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
132
G
gravida (pregnant)
133
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
134
GYN
gynecology
135
hCG/HCG
human chorionic gondabtropin
136
HDN
hemolytic disease at newborn
137
HPV
human papillomavirus
138
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
139
HSG
hysterosalpingography
140
IUD
intrauterine device, contraceptive
141
IVF
in vitro fertilization
142
LEEP
loop electrocautery excision procedure
143
LH
luteinizing hormone
144
LMP
last menstrual period
145
multip
multipara, multiparous
146
OB
obstertrics
147
para 2-0-1-2
a women's reproductive history: 2 full-term infants, 0 preterm, 1 abortion, 2 living children
148
pap test
papanicolaou smear test
149
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
150
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
151
primip
primipara, primiparous
152
SLN biopsy or SNB
sentinel lymph node biopsy
153
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
154
UAE
uterine artery embolization
155
VH
vaginal hysterectomy
156
oxytocin
hormone that stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract
157
lactation
secretion of milk
158
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
removal of both fallopian tubes and both ovaries
159
amenorrhea
no menstrual flow
160
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
161
leukorrhea
white discharge
162
metrorrhagia
bleeding from uterus (irregular intervals)
163
galactorrhea
abnormal discharge of milk from breasts
164
menorrhagia
profuse/prolonged menstrual periods (irregular intervals)
165
pyosalpinx
pus in fallopian (uterine) tubes
166
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
167
menometrorrhagia
heavy bleeding at and between menstrual periods
168
oligomenorrhea
scanty menstrual flow
169
anovulatory
pertaining to no ovulation
170
nulliparous
a woman who has never given birth
171
preeclampsia
a condition during pregnancy or shortly thereafter, marked by hypertension, proteinuria and edema
172
placenta previa
placenta implantation over the cervical opening
173
multiple gestations
more than one fetus inside the uterus
174
leiomyoma
benign muscle tumor in uterus
175
cauterization
burning of abnormal tissue with chemicals or an electrically heated instrument
176
cryosurgery/cryocauterization
cold temperature is used to destroy tissue
177
fine needle aspiration
withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a neele
178
tubal ligation
blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring
179
pregnancy test
hCG is measured in urine or blood
180
pelvic exenteration
removal of internal gynecologic organs and adjacent structures in the pelvis
181
gynecomastia
condition of abnormal enlargement of female breast (in males)
182
fontanelle
soft spot between the newborn cranial bones
183
meconium aspiration syndrome
thick sticky green-black substance is discharged into the amniotic fluid causing fetal lung problems
184
infant respiratory distress syndrome
acute lung disease in premature newborns, surfactant deficiency
185
primipara
woman has given birth for the first time

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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