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medical terminolgy > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

female reproductive system

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sexual reproduction:

A

-union of the nuclei of the ovum and sperm cell
-ovum and sperm are gametes
-each gamete contains half the # of chromosomes of a normal body cell

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2
Q

gametes (ovum and sperm):

A

-produced in gonads
-female gonads are ovaries and male are testis

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3
Q

fertilization:

A

-ovum leaves the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes
-fertilization takes place if sperm cells are present and unite with the ovum
-fertilized egg implants then divides to form a zygote(and later an embryo then fetus)

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4
Q

organs of the female reproductive system:

A

-ovaries, fallopian tubes & uterus
-cul-de-sac, vagina & Bartholin glands
-utero-ovarian ligaments, ovarian follicles & ovum
-corpus lute, endometrium & myometrium
-uterine serosa, clitoris & perineum

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5
Q

anatomic structure of the breast (sagittal view)

A

-glandular tissue
-fatty tissue
-ducts
-sinuses

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6
Q

menstruation (menstrual cycle)

A

-day 1-5: blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular secretions discharge from the body
-day 6-12: estrogen aids repair of the endometrium, ovum grows on follicle
-day 13-14: the egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube
-day 15-28: corus lute secretes progesterone, and the uterus lining builds up

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7
Q

pregnancy:

A

-if fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the uterine endometrium
-the placenta forms, and attaches to the uterine wall
-amnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavity
-nutrients, oxygen, and wastes exchange between the fetus and mother
-placenta produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
-placenta, chorion & amnion membranes

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8
Q

three stages of labor:

A
  1. dilation and thinning of the cervix
  2. birth of infant
  3. delivery of placenta
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9
Q

hormonal interactions:

A

-pituitary gland secretes: follicle-stimulating (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)
-pituitary gland stops producing FSH & LH during pregnancy & during oral contraceptives

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10
Q

menopause:

A

-gradual ending of the menstrual cycle
-begins between ages of 45-55
-falling estrogen levels

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11
Q

adnexa uteri

A

fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

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12
Q

amnion

A

innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

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13
Q

areola

A

dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast

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14
Q

bartholin glands

A

small, mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice

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15
Q

cervix

A

lower, neck-like portion of uterus

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16
Q

clitoris

A

sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the urethra

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17
Q

coitus (copulation)

A

sexual intercourse

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18
Q

corpus luteum

A

empty ovarian follicle, secretes progesterone after release of egg cell

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19
Q

cul-de-sac

A

region in lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and uterus

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20
Q

embyro

A

stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

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21
Q

endometrium

A

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

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22
Q

estrogen

A

hormone produced by the ovaries that promotes female secondary sex characteristics

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23
Q

fallopian tube(oviduct)

A

one of a pair of ducts through which ovum travels to the uterus

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24
Q

fertilization

A

union of sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops

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25
Q

fetus

A

stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks

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26
Q

fimbriae (singular: fimbria)

A

finger/fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

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27
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

secreted by pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the ovum

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28
Q

gamete

A

male or female sexual reproductive cell (sperm or ovum)

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29
Q

gentitalia (genitals)

A

reproductive organs

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30
Q

gestation

A

period from fertilization of the ovum to birth

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31
Q

gonad

A

female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones (ovary & testis)

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32
Q

gynecology

A

study of femal reproductive organs, including breast

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33
Q

human chorionic (hCG)

A

hormone produced by placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

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34
Q

hymen

A

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

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35
Q

labia

A

lips of the vagina

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36
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

tubes that carry milk within the breast

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37
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation

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38
Q

mammary papilla

A

nipple of breast

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39
Q

menarche

A

beginning of the first menstrual period and and ability to reproduce

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40
Q

menstruation

A

monthly shedding of uterine wall

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41
Q

myometrium

A

muscle layer of the uterus

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42
Q

neonatology

A

branch of medicine that studies the disorders & care for the newborn (neonatal)

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43
Q

obstetrics

A

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

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44
Q

orifice

A

an opening

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45
Q

ovarian follicle

A

developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary

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46
Q

ovary

A

one of a pair of female organs on each side of pelvis, almond-shaped, produce egg cells & hormones

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47
Q

ovulation

A

release of ovum from ovary

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48
Q

ovum (plural: ova)

A

mature egg cell (female gamete)

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49
Q

parturition

A

act of giving birth

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50
Q

perineum

A

area between anus in vagina in females

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51
Q

placenta

A

vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy, allows the exchange of nutrients, & fetal waste products between mother and fetus

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52
Q

pregnancy

A

condition of having a developing embryo & fetus in the female uterus for about 40 weeks

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53
Q

progesterone

A

hormone produced by corpus luteum in ovary & placenta of pregnant women

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54
Q

puberty

A

point in life cycle at which sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

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55
Q

perimetrium (uterine serosa)

A

outermost layer surrounding the uterus

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56
Q

uterus

A

hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo & fetus develop, & where menstruation occurs

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57
Q

vagina

A

muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of body

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58
Q

vulva

A

external female genitalia including labia, hymen, clitoris & vaginal orifice

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59
Q

zygote

A

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks

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60
Q

amni/o

A

amnion

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61
Q

bartholin/o

A

Bartholin gland

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62
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix, neck

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63
Q

chori/o & chorion/0

A

chorian

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64
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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65
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

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66
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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67
Q

galact/o & lact/o

A

milk

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68
Q

gynec/o

A

woman, female

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69
Q

hyster/o & metr/o & uter/o

A

uterus, womb

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70
Q

mamm/o & mast/o

A

breast

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71
Q

men/o

A

menses, menstruation

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72
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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73
Q

myom/o

A

muscle tumor

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74
Q

nat/i

A

birth

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75
Q

obstetr/o

A

midwife

76
Q

o/o & ov/o & ovul/o

A

egg

77
Q

oophor/o & ovari/o

A

ovary

78
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

79
Q

phor/o

A

to bear

80
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tube

81
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

82
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva

83
Q

-arche

A

beginning

84
Q

-cyesis & -gravida

A

pregnancy, pregnant

85
Q

-parous

A

to bear, bring forth

86
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge

87
Q

-salpinx

A

uterine tube

88
Q

-tocia

A

labor, birth

89
Q

-version

A

act of turning

90
Q

-pareunia

A

sexual intercouse

91
Q

oxy-

A

swift, sharp

92
Q

pseudo-

A

false

93
Q

dys-

A

painful

94
Q

endo-

A

within

95
Q

in-

A

in

96
Q

intra-

A

within

97
Q

multi-

A

many

98
Q

nulli-

A

no, not, none

99
Q

pre-

A

before

100
Q

primi-

A

first

101
Q

retro-

A

backward

102
Q

cervical cancer

A

malignant cells within cervix

103
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of cervix

104
Q

endometrial cancer

A

malignant tumor of uterine lining

105
Q

endometrosis

A

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

106
Q

fibroids

A

benign tumors of the uterus

107
Q

ovarian cancer

A

malignant tumor of ovary

108
Q

ovarian cysts

A

collections of fluid within a sac in the ovary

109
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

leading causes are sexually transmitted disease

110
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

111
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of placenta (rare)

112
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

misplaced implantation of an egg

113
Q

APGAR scoring chart

A

-assessment of a newborn
-scoring 1 to 5 min after birth

114
Q

conization

A

removal of a cone-shaped section of cervix for diagnosis or treatment of cervical dysplasia

115
Q

laparoscopic opphroectomy

A

ovary is placed in plastic bag and extracted through the laparoscope

116
Q

amniocentesis

A

needle placement guided by ultrasound images

117
Q

AB

A

abortion

118
Q

AFP

A

alpha-fetoprotein-high levels in amniotic fluid of the fetus or maternal serum

119
Q

BRCA 1 & BRCA 2

A

breast cancer 1 & 2, genetic mutation associated with increased risk for cancer

120
Q

BSE

A

breast self-examination

121
Q

CA 125

A

protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer

122
Q

c-section, CS

A

cesarean section

123
Q

CIN

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

124
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

125
Q

CVS

A

chronic villus sampling

126
Q

cx

A

cervix

127
Q

D & C

A

dilation and curretage

128
Q

DCIS

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

129
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

130
Q

FHR

A

fetal heart rate

131
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

132
Q

G

A

gravida (pregnant)

133
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

134
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

135
Q

hCG/HCG

A

human chorionic gondabtropin

136
Q

HDN

A

hemolytic disease at newborn

137
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

138
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

139
Q

HSG

A

hysterosalpingography

140
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device, contraceptive

141
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

142
Q

LEEP

A

loop electrocautery excision procedure

143
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

144
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

145
Q

multip

A

multipara, multiparous

146
Q

OB

A

obstertrics

147
Q

para 2-0-1-2

A

a women’s reproductive history: 2 full-term infants, 0 preterm, 1 abortion, 2 living children

148
Q

pap test

A

papanicolaou smear test

149
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

150
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

151
Q

primip

A

primipara, primiparous

152
Q

SLN biopsy or SNB

A

sentinel lymph node biopsy

153
Q

TAH-BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

154
Q

UAE

A

uterine artery embolization

155
Q

VH

A

vaginal hysterectomy

156
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone that stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract

157
Q

lactation

A

secretion of milk

158
Q

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

A

removal of both fallopian tubes and both ovaries

159
Q

amenorrhea

A

no menstrual flow

160
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

161
Q

leukorrhea

A

white discharge

162
Q

metrorrhagia

A

bleeding from uterus (irregular intervals)

163
Q

galactorrhea

A

abnormal discharge of milk from breasts

164
Q

menorrhagia

A

profuse/prolonged menstrual periods (irregular intervals)

165
Q

pyosalpinx

A

pus in fallopian (uterine) tubes

166
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful sexual intercourse

167
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

heavy bleeding at and between menstrual periods

168
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty menstrual flow

169
Q

anovulatory

A

pertaining to no ovulation

170
Q

nulliparous

A

a woman who has never given birth

171
Q

preeclampsia

A

a condition during pregnancy or shortly thereafter, marked by hypertension, proteinuria and edema

172
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta implantation over the cervical opening

173
Q

multiple gestations

A

more than one fetus inside the uterus

174
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign muscle tumor in uterus

175
Q

cauterization

A

burning of abnormal tissue with chemicals or an electrically heated instrument

176
Q

cryosurgery/cryocauterization

A

cold temperature is used to destroy tissue

177
Q

fine needle aspiration

A

withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a neele

178
Q

tubal ligation

A

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring

179
Q

pregnancy test

A

hCG is measured in urine or blood

180
Q

pelvic exenteration

A

removal of internal gynecologic organs and adjacent structures in the pelvis

181
Q

gynecomastia

A

condition of abnormal enlargement of female breast (in males)

182
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot between the newborn cranial bones

183
Q

meconium aspiration syndrome

A

thick sticky green-black substance is discharged into the amniotic fluid causing fetal lung problems

184
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute lung disease in premature newborns, surfactant deficiency

185
Q

primipara

A

woman has given birth for the first time

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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