chapter 13 Flashcards
blood
1
Q
blood
A
transfers foods, gases, chemical messengers, blood proteins, white blood cells, platelets, and wastes to and from cells of the body
2
Q
composition of blood:
A
-cells: erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets
-plasma: water, wastes, nutrients, salts, hormones, lipids & vitamins
3
Q
what is the percentage of cells making up the blood volume?
A
45%
4
Q
erthyrocytes
A
red blood cells, transport nutrients & oxygen
5
Q
leukocytes
A
white blood cells
6
Q
thrombocytes (platelets)
A
clot blood
7
Q
plasma proteins:
A
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen & prothrombin
8
Q
type A blood
A
A antigen & anti-B antibody
9
Q
type B blood
A
B antigen & anti-A antibody
10
Q
type AB blood
A
A & B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)
11
Q
type O blood
A
no A or B antigen and both anti-A & anti-B antibodies (universal donor)
12
Q
coagulation
A
-blood clotting
-fibrin clot
13
Q
anticoagulation
A
-prevent/no blood clotting
-heparin, warfarin (Coumadin)
14
Q
albumin
A
protein in blood, maintains proper amount of water in blood
15
Q
antibody (Ab)
A
specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens
16
Q
antigen
A
substance that stimulates production of an antibody
17
Q
basophil
A
WBC that contains granules that stain blue, contains heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses)
18
Q
bilirubin
A
orange-yellow pigment in bile, formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed
19
Q
colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
A
protein that stimulates growth of WBCs
20
Q
differentiation (specialization)
A
change in structure and function of cell as it mature
21
Q
electrophoresis
A
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge & size
22
Q
eosinophils
A
WBCs that contain granules that stain red, phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses & parasitic infections
23
Q
erythroblast
A
immature red blood cell
24
Q
erythropoietin (EPO)
A
hormone secreted by kidney that stimulates RBC formation
25
fibrin
protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
26
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
27
globulin
plasma protein
28
granulocyte
WBC with numerous dark-staining granules
29
hematopoietic stem cell
cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
30
hemoglobin
blood protein contain iron; carries oxygen in RBCs
31
hemolysis
breakdown of RBCs
32
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood & tissue cells
33
immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
34
immunoglobulin
protein with antibody activity
35
lymphocyte
mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies
36
macrophage
monocyte that migrated from the blood to tissue space, as a phagocyte it engulfs foreign material & debris, destroys worn-out RBCs
37
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow
38
monocyte
leukocyte with one large nucleus, engulfs foreign material and debris, becomes macrophage
39
mononuclear
pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single round nucleus
40
myeloblast
immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
41
neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
granulocytic leukocytes formed in bone marrow that stain pink, phagocytic cells that accumulate at the site of infections
42
plasma
liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, nutrients, salts, lipids, hormones & vitamins
43
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge
44
centrifuge
a device that uses centrifugal force to subject a specimen to a specified constant force that separates various components of a fluid
45
polymorphonuclear (neutrophil)
pertaining to a WBC with multi-shaped nucleus
46
prothrombin
plasma protein, converted to thrombin in the clotting process
47
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte
48
Rh factor
antigen on RBCs of Rh positive (RH+) individuals
49
serum
plasma - clotting proteins & cells
50
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms
51
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
52
bas/o
base
53
chrom/o
color
54
coagul/o
clotting
55
cyt/o
cell
56
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
57
erythr/o
red
58
granul/o
granules
59
hem/o & hemat/o
blood
60
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
61
is/o
same, equal
62
kary/o & nucle/o
nucleus
63
leuk/o
white
64
mon/o
one, single
65
morph/o
shape, form
66
myel/o
bone marrow
67
neutr/o
neutral
68
phag/o
eat, swallow
69
poikil/o
varied, irregular
70
sider/o
iron
71
spher/o
globe, round
72
thromb/o
clot
73
-apheresis
removal, carrying away
74
-blast
immature or embryonic cell
75
-cyte
cell
76
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
77
-emia
blood condition
78
-gen
giving rise to, producing
79
-globin & -globulin
protein
80
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
81
-oid
derived, related to, originating from
82
-osis
abnormal condition
83
-penia
deficiency
84
-phage
eat, swallow
85
-philia
attraction for (increase in cell numbers)
86
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
87
-poiesis
formation
88
-stasis
stop, control
89
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
90
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells
91
hemolytic anemia
reduction in RBC's due to excessive destruction
92
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into bloodstream
93
sickle anemia
hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin-producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis
94
thalassemia
inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin leading to hypochromia
95
iron deficiency anemia
lack of iron leading to insufficient hemoglobin production
96
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body
97
polycythemia vera (erythremia)
general increase in red blood cells
98
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting, patients often bleed into weight-bearing joint especially knees & ankles
99
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
100
leukemia
an increase in cancerous white blood cells
101
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood
102
mononucleois
an infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
103
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow, malignant cells (lymphocytes called plasma cells that produce antibodies) destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins, including Bence Jones protein
104
apheresis
separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood
105
blood transfusion
whole blood or cells taken from a donor and infused into a patient
106
bone marrow biospy
microscopic examination of a core bone marrow removed with a needle
107
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor administered to a recipient
108
Ab
antibody
109
ABMT
autologous bone marrow transplantation
110
ABO
four main blood types, A, B,AB,O
111
ALL
acute lymphoid leukemia
112
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
113
ANC
absolute neutrophil count
114
ASCT
autologous stem cell transplantation
115
banda
immature white blood cells
116
baso
basophils
117
BMT
bone marrow transplantation
118
CBC
complete blood count
119
CLC
chronic lymphoid leukemia
120
CML
chronic myeloid leukemia
121
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
122
diff
differential count (WBCs)
123
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
124
eos
eosinophils
125
EPO
erythropoietin
126
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
127
Fe
iron
128
G-CSF
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
129
GM-CSF
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
130
g/dL
gram per deciliter
131
GVHD
graft-versus-host disease
132
HCL
hairy cell leukemia
133
Hct
hematocrit
134
Hgh,HGB
hemoglobin
135
H and H
hemoglobin and hematocrit
136
HLA
human leukocyte antigen
137
IgS,IgD,IgE,IgG,IgM
immunoglobulins
138
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytes purpura
139
lymphs
lymphocytes
140
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
141
MCV
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
142
MDS
myelodysplastic syndrome
143
Mm3
cubic milimeter
144
mono
monocyte
145
polys,PMNs,PMNLs
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
146
PT, pro time
prothrombin time
147
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
148
sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
149
segs
segmented, mature white blood cell
150
SMAC
sequential multiple analyzer computer
151
WNL
within normal limits
152
why can't you transfuse blood from a type A donor into a type B recipient?
A antigens will react with the anti-A antibodies in the type B recipient bloodstream
153
why can't you transfuse blood from a type AB donor into a type O recipient?
A and B antigens will react with the anti-A & anti-B antibodies in the type O recipient bloodstream
154
why is a person with type O blood the universal donor?
type O blood doesn't contain A or B antigens and therefore will not react with antibodies in any recipient's blood
155
leukopenia
deficiency of white blood cells
156
morphology
study of the shape of the form (of cells)
157
sideropenia
deficiency of iron
158
myelopoiesis
formation of bone marrow
159
plateletpheresis
separation of platelets from the rest of the body
160
monoblast
immature monocyte
161
myelodysplasia
abnormal (ineffective) production of myeloid cells in bone marrow, myeloid progenitor cells give rise to erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets
162
hemostasis
controlling or stopping the flow of blood
163
thrombolytic (therapy)
pertaining to treatment using drugs to destroy clots
164
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
165
myeloid
derived in bone marrow
166
neutropenia
deficiency of a type of WBCs
167
hematocrit (Hct)
percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood
168
eosinophilia
increase in a type of WBC (seen in allergies)
169
leukopheresis
separation of WBCs from a blood sample
170
coagulopathy
disease of the clotting process
171
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of platelets
172
poikilocytosis
any irregularity in the shape of RBCs
173
hypochromic
pertaining to reduction of hemoglobin in RBCs
174
erythropoiesis
formation of RBCs
175
anisocytosis
variation in the size of RBCs
176
spherocytosis
abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shaped, RBCs
177
microcytosis
increase in number of small RBCs
178
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood (eosinophilia and basophilia)
179
relapse
symptoms of disease return
180
remission
symptoms of the disease disappear
181
palliative
relieving but not curing
182
Bence Jones protein
immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma
183
ecchymoses (bruises)
large blue or purplish patches on the skin
184
pancytopenia
deficiency of all blood cells
185
petechiae
tiny purple or flat red spots on the skin occurring as a result of small hemorrhages
186
packed cells
preparation of erythrocytes separated from plasma
187
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual RBCs
188
platelet count
determines the number of clotting cells per mm3 of blood
189
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate)
speed at with erythrocytes settle out of plasma
190
white blood cell differential (WBC)
percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood
191
antiglobulin (Coombs) test
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
192
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are infused into a recipient's vein to repopulate the bone marrow
193
bone marrow biospy
microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
194
red blood cell count (RBC)
number erythrocytes per mm3 of blood
195
autologous transfusion
blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient
196
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
immune reaction of donor's cells/tissue to recipient;s cells/tissue, a possible outcome of hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation
197
acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)
malignant condition of WBCs, immature lymphocytes predominate
198
prothrombin time (PT)
test used to follow patients who are taking certain anticoagulants
199
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
malignant condition of WBCs in which both mature and immature granulocytes are present slowly progressive illness
200
chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
malignant condition of WBCs in which relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, usually seen in elderly patients
201
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
malignant condition of WBCs, immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate
