chapter 17 Flashcards
sense organs: the eye & ear
1
Q
accommodation
A
normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objectives from far to near
2
Q
anterior chamber
A
the area behind the cornea and in front of the lens & iris
3
Q
aqueous humor
A
fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in anterior chamber
4
Q
biconvex
A
consisting of two surfaces that are round, elevated & curved evenly (lens of the eye)
5
Q
choroid
A
middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina & sclera
6
Q
ciliary body
A
structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid & iris; controls shape of lens & secretes aqueous humor
7
Q
cone
A
photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color & central vision
8
Q
conjunctiva
A
delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids & covers anterior eyeball
9
Q
cornea
A
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of eyeball
10
Q
fovea centralis
A
tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision
11
Q
fundus of the eye
A
posterior, inner part of the eye
12
Q
iris
A
pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye
13
Q
macula
A
yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc
14
Q
optic chiasm
A
the point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
15
Q
optic disc (blind spot)
A
the region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina
16
Q
optic nerve
A
cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain
17
Q
pupil
A
central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass
18
Q
refraction
A
bending of light rays by the by the cornea, lens & fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina
19
Q
retina
A
light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells
20
Q
rod
A
photoreceptor cell of retina essential for vision in the dim light and for peripheral vision
21
Q
sclera
A
tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
22
Q
thalamus
A
relay center of the brain
23
Q
vitreous humor
A
soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber
24
Q
aque/o
A
water
25
blephar/o
eyelid
26
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
27
cor/o
pupil
28
corne/o
cornea
29
cycl/o
ciliary body
30
dacry/o
tears, tear duct
31
ir/o & irid/o
iris
32
kerat/o
cornea
33
lacrim/o
tears
34
ocul/o & opthalm/o
eye
35
opt/o & optic/o
eye, vision
36
palpebr/o
eyelid
37
papill/o
optic disc
38
phac/o & phak/o
lens of eye
39
pupill/o
pupil
40
retin/o
retina
41
scler/o
sclera (white of eye)
42
uve/o
uvea
43
vitre/o
glassy
44
ambyl/o
dull, dim
45
dipl/o
double
46
glauc/o
gray
47
mi/o
smaller, less
48
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
49
nyct/o
night
50
phot/o
light
51
presby/o
old age
52
scot/o
darkness
53
xer/o
dry
54
-opia & -opsia
vision
55
-tropia
to turn
56
ALT
argon laser trabeculoplasty
57
AMD
age-related macular degeneration
58
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose & throat
59
IOL
intraocular lens
60
IOP
intraocular pressure
61
LASER
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
62
LASIK
laser in situ keratomileus
63
OD
right eye; doctor optometry
64
OS
left eye
65
OU
both eyes
66
PERRLA
pupil equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
67
POAG
primary, open-angle glaucoma
68
PRK
photorefractive keratectomy
69
SLT
selective laser trabeculoplasty
70
VA
visual activity
71
VF
visual field
72
auditory canal
channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
73
auditory meatus
auditory canal opening
74
auditory nerve fibers
carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain
75
auditory tube (eustachian tube)
channel between the middle ear & nasopharynx
76
auricle (pinna)
flap of the ear; protruding part of external ear
77
cerumen (earwax)
waxy substance secreted by the external ear
78
cochlea
snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear
79
eustachian tube
auditory tube
80
incus
second ossicle of the middle ear
81
labrinyth
maze-like series of canals of the inner ear
82
malleus
first ossicle of the middle ear
83
organ of corti
sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
84
ossicle
small bone of the ear
85
oval window
membrane between the middle ear & inner ear
86
perilymph
fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
87
pinna (auricle)
flap of ear
88
endolymph
fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear
89
semicircular canals
passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
90
stapes
third ossicle of the inner ear
91
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
membrane between the outer &middle ear
92
vestibule
central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals & the cochlea
93
acous/o, audi/o & audit/o
hearing
94
aur/o & auricul/o
ear
95
cochle/o
cochlea
96
mastoid/o
mastoid process
97
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
98
ossicul/o
ossicle
99
ot/o
ear
100
salping/o
eustachian tube
101
staped/o
stapes
102
tyman/o
eardrum, tympanic memebrane
103
vestibul/o
vestibule
104
-acusis & -cusis
hearing
105
-meter
instrument for measure
106
-otia
ear condition
107
-metry
process of measurement
108
-phobia
fear
109
-plegic
paralysis, palsy
110
AD
right ear
111
AOM
acute otitis media
112
AS
left ear
113
EENT
eyes, ears, nose & throat
114
ENG
electronystagmography
115
ENT
ears, nose & throat
116
ETD
eustachian tube dysfunction
117
PE tube
pressure-equalizing tube
118
SOM
serous otitis media
119
pathway of light rays to the visual region of the brain:
cornea -> anterior chamber & aqeous humor -> pupil -> lens -> vitreous chmaber & vitreous humor -> retina -> optic nerve fibers -> optic chiasm -> thalamus -> cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)
120
anisocoria
condition of pupils of unequal size
121
cycloplegic
pertaining to paralysis of ciliary muscles, which would result in dilation or enlargement of the pupil
122
palpebral
pertaining to the eyelid
123
mydriasis
condition of enlargement of the pupil
124
miosis
condition of constriction of the pupil
125
papilledema
swelling in the region of the optic disc
126
photophobia
condition of sensitivity to ("fear of") light
127
scotoma
blind spot; area of darkened (diminished) vision surrounded by clear vision
128
corneal ulcer
fibrous layer of clear tissue over the front of the eyeball has a defect resulting from infections
129
uveitis
inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body & choroid)
130
xerophthalmia
condition of dry eyes
131
hemianopsia
absence of vision in half of the visual field
132
exotropia
eye abnormally turns outward
133
ophthalmologist
medical doctor who treats diseases of the eyes
134
optometrist
nonmedical professional who can examine eyes & prescribe glasses
135
optician
nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses
136
aphakia
absence of the lens of the eye
137
esotropia
eye abnormally turn inward
138
amblyopia
decreased (dim) vision; lazy eye (resulting from strabismus & uncorrected refractive errors in childhood)
139
hyperopia
farsightedness
140
presbyopia
decreased vision at near, resulting from increasing age
141
myopia
nearsightedness
142
nyctalopia
night blindness; decreased vision at night
143
diplopia
double vision
144
astigmatism
defective curvature of the lens and/or cornea leading to blurred vision
145
in the myopic eye, light rays don't focus properly on the retina, either the eyeball is too long or the refractive power of the lens is too strong so that the image is blurred & comes to a focus in front of the retina, this type of lens is correct this refractive error?
concave lens
146
in the hyperopic eye, the eyeball is too short or the refractive power of the lens is too weak, so that the image is blurred & focused in the back of the rent, the type of lens used to correct this refractive error?
convex lens
147
miotic drug
drug that constricts the pupil of the eye
148
mydriatic drug
drug that dilates the pupil of the eye
149
diabetic retinopathy
retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins & neovascularization occur secondary to an abnormal endocrine condition
150
retinal detachment
two layers of the retina separate from each other
151
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye occur (esotropia & exotropia)
152
cataract
clouding of the lens causes decreased vision
153
macular degeneration
loss of central vision caused by deterioration of the macula of the retina
154
hordeolum (stye)
localized, purulent infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
155
chalazion
small, firm, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland
156
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure damages the retina & optic nerve
157
retinitis pigmentosa
pigmented scarring forms throughout the retina
158
nystagmus
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
159
stroke (hemianopsia)
loss of half of the visual field caused by a stroke affecting the left visual cortex
160
phacoemulsification
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens & the fragments are aspirated from the eye
161
visual activity acuity test
test of clearness of vision
162
tonometry
measurement of tension or pressure within the eye, glaucoma test
163
laser photocoagulation
high-energy light radiation beams are used to stop retinal hemorrhaging
164
LASIK
laser removes corneal tissue (sculpts it) to correct myopia
165
fluorescein angiography
intravenous injection of dye followed by photographs of the eye through dilated pupils
166
scleral buckle
suture of a silicone band to the sclera to correct retinal detachment
167
visual field test
test to measure central & peripheral vision (area within which objects are seen) when the eyes are looking straight ahead
168
vitrectomy
removal (and replacement) of diseased fluid in the chamber behind the lens of the eye
169
opthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye after dilation of the pupil
170
slit lamp microscopy
use of an instrument for microscopic examination of parts of the eye
171
keratoplasty
corneal transplant surgery
172
transmission of sound waves to the brain from the outer ear:
pinna (auricle) -> external auditory canal -> tympanic membrane -> malleus -> incus -> stapes -> oval window -> cochlea -> auditory liquids & receptors -> auditory nerve fiber -> cerbral cortex
173
otoscope
instrument to examine the ear
174
salpingopharyngeal
pertaining to the auditory tube & throat
175
otopyorrhea
flow of puss from the ear
176
audiometer
instrument to measure hearing
177
presbycusis
deafness due to old age
178
microtia
small ear
179
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear (ear infection)
180
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
181
meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth marked by elevation of ear fluids & pressure within the cochlea (tinnitus, vertigo & nausea result)
182
otosclerosis
hardening in the bony tissue of the ossicles of the middle ear
183
tinnitus
sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears
184
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells & cholesterol in a sac within the middle
185
suppurative otitis media
inflammation of the middle war with bacterial infection & pus collection
186
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from 8th cranial nerve, causing tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness & decreased hearing
187
deafness
loss of ability to hear
188
electronystagmography (ENG)
a test of balance
189
PE tube process
ventilating tube placed in the eardrum
190
photopsia
bright flashes of light
191
floaters
vitreous clumps
192
pneumatic retionpexy
a gas bubble is injected in vitreous cavity to help reattach the retina
193
enucleation
removal of the entire eyeball
194
cochlear implant
a surgically implanted device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech
195
ear thermometry
body temp. measured with infrared radiation from the eardrum
196
tuning fork test
hearing tests using a vibrating fork
197
rinne (tuning fork test)
fork is placed against the mastoid bone & in front of the auditory meatus
198
weber (tuning fork test)
fork is placed on the center of the forehead; normal hearing has equal loudness in both ears
