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chapter 16 Flashcards

skin

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sebaceous glands

A

produce sebum, an oily secretion, that lubricates the skin & hair

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2
Q

sweat glands

A

produce sweat, a watery secretion, that secrete into pores to moisten and cool the skin

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3
Q

thermoregulates (function of skin)

A

interprets messages from the heat center in the brain

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4
Q

adipocyte

A

fat cell

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5
Q

albino

A

person with skin deficient in pigment

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6
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

one of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas

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7
Q

basal layer

A

deepest region of epidermis, gives rise to all epidermal cells

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8
Q

collagen

A

structural protein found in skin & connective tissue

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9
Q

cucticle

A

band of epidermis at the base & sides of the nail plate

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10
Q

dermis

A

middle layer of skin

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11
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in skin

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12
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin

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13
Q

epithelium

A

layer of skin cells forming the outer & inner surfaces of the body

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14
Q

hair follicle

A

sac within each hair grows

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15
Q

integumentary system

A

the skin & its accessory structures like hair & nails

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16
Q

keratin

A

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair & nails

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17
Q

lunula

A

half-moon-shaped, whitish area of the base of a nail

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18
Q

melanin

A

skin pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis

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19
Q

paronychium

A

soft tissue surrounding the nail border

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20
Q

pore

A

tiny opening on the surface of the skin

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21
Q

sebaceous gland

A

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

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22
Q

sebum

A

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

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23
Q

squamous epithelium

A

flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

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24
Q

stratified

A

arranged in layers

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25
Q

stratum (plural: strata)

A

a layer (of cells)

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26
Q

stratum corneum

A

outermost layer of the epidermis, consists of flattened, keratinized cells

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27
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue

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28
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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29
Q

albin/o

A

white

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30
Q

caus/o

A

burn, burning

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31
Q

cauter/o

A

heat, burn

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32
Q

cutane/o & derm/o & dermat/o

A

skin

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33
Q

diaphor/o

A

profuse sweating

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34
Q

erythem/o & erythemat/o

A

redness

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35
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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36
Q

ichthy/o

A

scaly, dry

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37
Q

kerat/o

A

hard

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38
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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39
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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40
Q

melan/o

A

black/brown

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41
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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42
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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43
Q

phyt/o

A

plant

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44
Q

pil/o

A

hair, hair follicle

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45
Q

py/o

A

pus

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46
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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47
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

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48
Q

squam/o

A

scale-like

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49
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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50
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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51
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

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52
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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53
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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54
Q

anthrac/o

A

black (as coal)

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55
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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56
Q

cirrh/o

A

tawny yellow

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57
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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58
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy

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59
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

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60
Q

lute/o

A

yellow

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61
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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62
Q

-algia

A

pain

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63
Q

-derma

A

skin

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64
Q

-esis

A

condition

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65
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, separation, destruction, loosening

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66
Q

-ose

A

full of, pertaining to, sugar

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67
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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68
Q

-plakia

A

plaque

69
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

70
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

71
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

72
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

73
Q

seborrhea

A

excessive secretion from sebaceous glands

74
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation & swelling of soft tissue around a nail

75
Q

dermatophytosis & dermatomycosis (tinea)

A

fungal infections of hands & feets

76
Q

causalgia

A

burning sensation (pain) in the skin

77
Q

albinism

A

pigment deficiency

78
Q

electrocautery

A

knife used to burn through tissue

79
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin

80
Q

dermabrasion

A

surgical procedure to scrap away tissue

81
Q

anhidrosis

A

abnormal condition of lack of sweat

82
Q

keratosis

A

abnormal condition of proliferation of horny, keratinized cells

83
Q

ichthyosis

A

abnormal condition of dry, scaly skin

84
Q

epidermolysis

A

loosening of the epidermis

85
Q

xanthoma

A

yellow tumor (nodule under the skin)

86
Q

subungual

A

pertaining to under the nail

87
Q

hypertrichosis

A

abnormal condition of excessive hair growth

88
Q

onychomycosis

A

abnormal condition of nail fungus

89
Q

rhytidectomy

A

removal of wrinkles

90
Q

pustule

A

pus-filled skin lesion

91
Q

wheal

A

smooth, edematous, reddish papule or plaque skin lesion

92
Q

cyst

A

fluid or semisolid thick-walled filled sac skin lesion

93
Q

vesicle

A

clear fluid, blister skin lesion

94
Q

crust (scab)

A

dried serum & cellular debris skin lesion

95
Q

macule

A

discolored, flat skin lesion

96
Q

erosion

A

wearing away, loss of the epidermis skin lesion

97
Q

nodule

A

solid, elevated mass, more than 1 cm skin lesion

98
Q

fissure

A

slit, groove skin lesion

99
Q

ulcer

A

open sore on skin or mucous membrane skin lesion

100
Q

papule

A

small, solid elevation, pimple, or plaque skin lesion

101
Q

alopecia

A

absence of hair where it normally grows

102
Q

ecchymosis

A

bluish black mark (macule) caused by hemorrhages into the skin

103
Q

pruritus

A

itching

104
Q

blackhead

A

comedo/ comedones

105
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

106
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm originating in scale-like cells of epidermis

107
Q

acne vulgaris

A

buildup of sebum & keratin in pores of the skin leading to papular & pustular eruptions

108
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin infection

109
Q

scleroderma

A

chronic disease marked by hardening & shrinking of connective tissue in the skin

110
Q

bedsore

A

decubitus ulcer

111
Q

gangrene

A

necrosis of skin tissue resulting from ischemia

112
Q

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

A

chronic or acute inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, pustular, or papular lesions

113
Q

malignant melanoma

A

cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes

114
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

widespread inflammatory disease of the joints & collagen of the skin with “butterfly” rash on the face

115
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by slivery-gray scales covering red patches on the skin

116
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm originating in the basal layer of the epidermis

117
Q

impetigo

A

contagious, infectious pyoderma

118
Q

scabies

A

contagious parasitic infection with intense pruritus

119
Q

rubeola

A

measels

120
Q

varicella

A

chickenpox

121
Q

keloid

A

thickened excess cicatrix (scar)

122
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patches on mucous membrane of tongue or inner cheek

123
Q

exanthematous

A

characterized by a rash

124
Q

actinic keratosis

A

thickening of epidermis related to sunlight exposure

125
Q

bullae

A

large blisters

126
Q

nevus

A

hyper pigmented macule or papule of skin (mole)

127
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

sac of fluid & hair over sacral region

128
Q

urticaria

A

acute allergic reaction in which hives develop

129
Q

first-degree burn

A

damage to the epidermis with erythema & hyperesthesia, no blisters

130
Q

second-degree burn

A

damage to the epidermis & dermis with blisters, erythema & hyperesthesia

131
Q

third-degree burn

A

destruction of both epidermis & dermis and damage to subcutaneous layer

132
Q

nevi

A

moles

133
Q

verrucae

A

warts

134
Q

tinea pedis

A

athlete foot’s

135
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

dandruff

136
Q

exanthem

A

rash

137
Q

pyoderma

A

collection of pus in the skin

138
Q

xerosis

A

dry skin

139
Q

leukoderma

A

white patches of skin (vitiligo)

140
Q

erythema

A

redness

141
Q

callus

A

increased growth of epidermal horny-layer cells due to excess pressure or friction

142
Q

what are two skin tests for allergies?

A

scratch and patch tests

143
Q

schick test

A

intradermal test for diphtheria

144
Q

what are the two skins for tuberculosis?

A

mantoux & purified protein derivative (PPD)

145
Q

purulent

A

pus-filled

146
Q

punch biopsy

A

surgical procedure to core out a disk of skin for microscopic analysis

147
Q

mohs surgery

A

procedure in which thin layers of a malignant growth are removed & each is examined under the microscope

148
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

a type of skin cancer associated with AIDs & marked by dark blue-purple lesion over the skin

149
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

abnormal, premalignant moles

150
Q

shave biopsy

A

removal of skin tissue using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin

151
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction of tissue using intensely cold temperature

152
Q

dermabrasion

A

scraping away skin to remove acne scars & fine wrinkles on the skin

153
Q

liposuction

A

removal of subcutaneous fat tissue by aspiration

154
Q

electrodesiccation

A

destruction of tissue using an electric spark

155
Q

curettage

A

use of a sharp, spoon-like instrument to scrape away tissue

156
Q

acne

A

papular & pustular eruption of skin with increases production of sebum

157
Q

burns

A

injury to tissue due to heat, chemical, electric shock, lightning or radiation

158
Q

cellulitis

A

a diffuse acute infection of the skin

159
Q

exanthematous viral diseases

A

a rash due to a virus (rubella)

160
Q

bacterial analyses

A

pus or filled samples examined to detect microorganisms

161
Q

fungal tests

A

scrapings for culture & microscopic examination after treatment with KOH

162
Q

ABCDE

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution (or change)- characteristics with melanoma

163
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

164
Q

Derm.

A

dermatology

165
Q

DLE

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

166
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

167
Q

PUVA

A

psoralen-ultraviolet A light therapy

168
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

169
Q

SC

A

subcutaneous

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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