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medical terminolgy > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

terms pertaining to the body as a whole

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cells

A

fundamental unit of all living things

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2
Q

muscle cell

A

perform movement

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3
Q

nerve cell

A

carry electrical messages from one part of body to another

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4
Q

epithelial cell

A

line the external and internal surfaces of the body

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5
Q

fat (adipose) cell

A

storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides

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6
Q

tissues

A

group of similar cells working together to do a specific job

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7
Q

organs

A

different types of tissue combine to form an organ

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8
Q

system

A

group of organs working together to perform complex functions

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9
Q

body cavities

A

spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera)

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10
Q

cranial cavity

A

holds the brain

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11
Q

thoracic cavity

A

holds the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, brachial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

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12
Q

abdominal cavity

A

holds the stomach, small/large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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13
Q

pelvic cavity

A

holds portions of the small/ large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, uterus and vagina in female

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14
Q

spinal cavity

A

holds the nerves of the spinal cord

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15
Q

abdominalpelvic regions

A

right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, hypogastric

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16
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)

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17
Q

right upper quadrant(RUQ)

A

contains the liver(right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, part of the large/small intestines

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18
Q

left upper quadrant(LUQ)

A

contains the liver(left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas

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19
Q

right lower quadrant(RLQ)

A

contains parts of the small/large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

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20
Q

left lower quadrant(LLQ)

A

contains parts of small/large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

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21
Q

anatomical divisions of the back

A

cervical(vertebra), thoracic(vertebrae), lumbar(spinal cord), sacral(spinal column), coccygeal(disc)

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22
Q

frontal(coronal) plane

A

a vertical plane running from side to side(anterior and posterior)

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23
Q

saggitial(lateral) plane

A

a vertical plane running from front to back(left and right)

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24
Q

transverse(axial)

A

a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts(superior and inferior)

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25
Q

abdomin/o

A

abodmen

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26
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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27
Q

anter/o

A

front

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28
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (of body or uterus)

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29
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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30
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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31
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone)

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32
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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33
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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34
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant

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35
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

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36
Q

hist/o & histi/o

A

tissue

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37
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (hipbone)

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38
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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39
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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40
Q

later/o

A

side

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41
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

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42
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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43
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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44
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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45
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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46
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

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47
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

48
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

49
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

50
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

51
Q

thal/o & thali/o

A

nipple

52
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

53
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

54
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus

55
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of body

56
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

57
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

58
Q

ana-

A

up

59
Q

cata-

A

down

60
Q

epi-

A

above

61
Q

hypo-

A

below

62
Q

inter-

A

between

63
Q

intra-

A

within

64
Q

meta-

A

change

65
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

66
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

67
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

68
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

69
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

70
Q

-plasm

A

formation

71
Q

-somes

A

bodies

72
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

73
Q

cytoplasm

A

material of cell located outside the nucleus and enclosed in membrane

74
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

75
Q

mitochondria

A

small sausage-shaped structures that are the principal sources of energy for the cell

76
Q

endoplasmic reticulumn

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm that is the site of protein synthesis

77
Q

cell (plasma) membrane

A

structure that surrounds and protects the celll

78
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell, contains chromosomes

79
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosomes

80
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-shaped structure in the nucleus that contains genes

81
Q

karyotype

A

a picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

82
Q

number of chromosomes in a normal male’s muscle cell

A

46(23 pairs)

83
Q

number of chromosomes in a female’s egg cell

A

23

84
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins in a cell

85
Q

catabolism

A

complex nutrients that are broken down to similar substances and energy

86
Q

metabolism

A

total chemical process in a cell

87
Q

histologist

A

specialist who studies tissues

88
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

89
Q

larynx

A

voice box

90
Q

pleura

A

membrane surrounding the lungs

91
Q

ureter

A

tube from kidney to the urinary bladder

92
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

93
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine organ located at the base of the brain

94
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints

95
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland surrounding the windpipe in the neck

96
Q

uterus

A

womb

97
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of body

98
Q

hypogastric region

A

area below the umbilicus

99
Q

mediastinum

A

space between lungs

100
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating abdominal and thoracic cavities

101
Q

intervertebral disc

A

pad of cartilage between two adjoining vertebrae

102
Q

pleural cavity

A

space surrounding each lung

103
Q

spinal column

A

bony tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

104
Q

inguinal regions

A

areas near the groin

105
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane surrounding abdominal organs

106
Q

umbilical region

A

area of the navel

107
Q

epigastric region

A

area above the stomach

108
Q

lumbar

A

region of waist

109
Q

sacral

A

region of the sacrum

110
Q

opposite of deep

A

superficial

111
Q

opposite of proximal

A

distal

112
Q

opposite of supine

A

prone

113
Q

opposite of medial

A

lateral

114
Q

opposite of dorsal

A

ventral (anterior)

115
Q

opposite of superior

A

inferior

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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