chapter 2 Flashcards
terms pertaining to the body as a whole
cells
fundamental unit of all living things
muscle cell
perform movement
nerve cell
carry electrical messages from one part of body to another
epithelial cell
line the external and internal surfaces of the body
fat (adipose) cell
storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides
tissues
group of similar cells working together to do a specific job
organs
different types of tissue combine to form an organ
system
group of organs working together to perform complex functions
body cavities
spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera)
cranial cavity
holds the brain
thoracic cavity
holds the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, brachial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
abdominal cavity
holds the stomach, small/large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
pelvic cavity
holds portions of the small/ large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, uterus and vagina in female
spinal cavity
holds the nerves of the spinal cord
abdominalpelvic regions
right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, hypogastric
abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)
right upper quadrant(RUQ)
contains the liver(right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, part of the large/small intestines
left upper quadrant(LUQ)
contains the liver(left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas
right lower quadrant(RLQ)
contains parts of the small/large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
left lower quadrant(LLQ)
contains parts of small/large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
anatomical divisions of the back
cervical(vertebra), thoracic(vertebrae), lumbar(spinal cord), sacral(spinal column), coccygeal(disc)
frontal(coronal) plane
a vertical plane running from side to side(anterior and posterior)
saggitial(lateral) plane
a vertical plane running from front to back(left and right)
transverse(axial)
a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts(superior and inferior)
abdomin/o
abodmen
adip/o
fat
anter/o
front
cervic/o
neck (of body or uterus)
chondr/o
cartilage
chrom/o
color
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
crani/o
skull
cyt/o
cell
dist/o
far, distant
dors/o
back portion of the body
hist/o & histi/o
tissue
ili/o
ilium (hipbone)
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
nucleus
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i
pelvis
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
nearest
sacr/o
sacrum
sarc/o
flesh
spin/o
spine, backbone
thal/o & thali/o
nipple
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
ventr/o
belly side of body
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
viscer/o
internal organs
ana-
up
cata-
down
epi-
above
hypo-
below
inter-
between
intra-
within
meta-
change
-eal
pertaining to
-iac
pertaining to
-ior
pertaining to
-ism
process, condition
-ose
pertaining to, full of
-plasm
formation
-somes
bodies
-type
picture, classification
cytoplasm
material of cell located outside the nucleus and enclosed in membrane
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
mitochondria
small sausage-shaped structures that are the principal sources of energy for the cell
endoplasmic reticulumn
network of canals within the cytoplasm that is the site of protein synthesis
cell (plasma) membrane
structure that surrounds and protects the celll
nucleus
control center of the cell, contains chromosomes
DNA
chemical found within each chromosomes
chromosomes
rod-shaped structure in the nucleus that contains genes
karyotype
a picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
number of chromosomes in a normal male’s muscle cell
46(23 pairs)
number of chromosomes in a female’s egg cell
23
anabolism
process of building up proteins in a cell
catabolism
complex nutrients that are broken down to similar substances and energy
metabolism
total chemical process in a cell
histologist
specialist who studies tissues
viscera
internal organs
larynx
voice box
pleura
membrane surrounding the lungs
ureter
tube from kidney to the urinary bladder
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
pituitary gland
endocrine organ located at the base of the brain
cartilage
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
thyroid gland
endocrine gland surrounding the windpipe in the neck
uterus
womb
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of body
hypogastric region
area below the umbilicus
mediastinum
space between lungs
diaphragm
muscle separating abdominal and thoracic cavities
intervertebral disc
pad of cartilage between two adjoining vertebrae
pleural cavity
space surrounding each lung
spinal column
bony tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
inguinal regions
areas near the groin
peritoneum
membrane surrounding abdominal organs
umbilical region
area of the navel
epigastric region
area above the stomach
lumbar
region of waist
sacral
region of the sacrum
opposite of deep
superficial
opposite of proximal
distal
opposite of supine
prone
opposite of medial
lateral
opposite of dorsal
ventral (anterior)
opposite of superior
inferior