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medical terminolgy > chapter 20 > Flashcards

chapter 20 Flashcards

radiology & nuclear medicine

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

radiology

A

medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays & other technologies (ultrasounds & MRI) to produce & interpret images of human body for diagnosis of disease

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2
Q

x-rays

A

invisible waves of energy

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3
Q

posteroanterior (PA) view

A

posterior source to anterior detector (back to front)

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4
Q

anteroposterior (AP) view

A

anterior source to posterior detector (front to back)

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5
Q

lateral view

A

in left lateral view, source is at right of patient, to detector is at left of patient (from side)

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6
Q

oblique view

A

source slanting direction at angle from perpendicular

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7
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

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8
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline

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9
Q

eversion

A

turning around

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10
Q

extension

A

lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

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11
Q

flexion

A

bending a part of body

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12
Q

decubitus

A

lying down on the side

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13
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly (face down)

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14
Q

recumbent

A

lying down (prone or supine)

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15
Q

supine

A

lying on back (face up)

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16
Q

radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A

test that combines radioactive chemicals & antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient’s blood

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17
Q

scintiscanner (gamma camera)

A

detection instrument produces picture (scintiscan)

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18
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

diagnostic x-ray procedure that produces a cross-sectional image of specific body segment

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19
Q

contrast studies

A

radiopaque material are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film

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20
Q

gamma camera

A

machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals

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21
Q

gamma rays

A

high-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances in tracer studies

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22
Q

half-life

A

time requires for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration

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23
Q

interventional radiology

A

therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by radiologists

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24
Q

in vitro

A

process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism

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25
Q

in vivo

A

process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed within a living organism

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26
Q

ionization

A

transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charges particles

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27
Q

magnetic resonance image (MRI)

A

use of magnetic field & radio waves to produce sagittal, coronal & axial images of body

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28
Q

nuclear medicine

A

medical speciality that studies uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis of disease

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29
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

use of positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously to create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism

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30
Q

radioisotope, radionuclide

A

radioactive form of an element, gives off radiation

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31
Q

radiopaque

A

obstructing the passage of x-rays

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32
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

radioactive drug used for diagnostic & therapeutic purposes

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33
Q

scan

A

image of an area, organ or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, CT or MRI

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34
Q

scintigraphy

A

diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceutical & gamma cameras to create images

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35
Q

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

radioactive tracer is injected intravenously & a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views

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36
Q

tagging

A

attaching a radionuclide to a chemical & following its path in the body

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37
Q

tracer studies

A

use of radionuclide tags attached to chemicals & followed as they travel through body

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38
Q

ultrasonography (US, U/S)

A

diagnostic technique that projects & retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off body parts

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39
Q

ultrasound transducer

A

handheld device that sends & receives ultrasound signals

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40
Q

uptake

A

rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue

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41
Q

ventilation-perfusion studies (V/Q scan)

A

ventilation & perfusion of a radiopharmaceutical followed by imaging it’s passage through respiratory tract

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42
Q

fluor/o

A

luminous

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43
Q

is/o

A

same

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44
Q

pharmaceut/o

A

drug

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45
Q

radi/o, roentgen/o

A

x-rays

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46
Q

son/o

A

sound

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47
Q

therapeut/o

A

treatment

48
Q

vivtr/o

A

glass

49
Q

viv/o

A

life

50
Q

-gram

A

record

51
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

52
Q

-lucent

A

to shine

53
Q

-opaque

A

obscure

54
Q

cine-

A

movement

55
Q

echo-

A

a repeated sound

56
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

57
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

58
Q

Ba

A

barium

59
Q

BE

A

barium enema

60
Q

C-spine

A

cervical spine films

61
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray (film)

62
Q

DECUB

A

decubitus-lying down

63
Q

DICOM

A

digital image communication in medicine

64
Q

DI

A

diagnostic imaging

65
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

66
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic ultrasonography

67
Q

18F-FDG

A

fluorodeoxyglucose

68
Q

Gd

A

gadulinium

69
Q

123I, 131I

A

isotope of radioactive iodine

70
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

71
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder (series)

72
Q

LAT

A

lateral

73
Q

LS films

A

lumbosacral (spine) films

74
Q

L-spine

A

lumbar spine

75
Q

MDCT

A

multidetector CT scanner

76
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

77
Q

MRV

A

magnetic resonance venography

78
Q

MUGA

A

multiple-gated acquisitions (scan)

79
Q

V/Q scan

A

ventilation-perfusion scan of lungs

80
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior

81
Q

PACS

A

picture archival & communication system

82
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

83
Q

SBFT

A

small bowel follow-through

84
Q

SPECT

A

single photon emission CT

85
Q

99TC

A

radioactive technetium

86
Q

201TI

A

thallium-201

87
Q

T-spine

A

thoracic spine

88
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal (series)

89
Q

US, U/S

A

ultrasound, ultrasonography

90
Q

radiolucent

A

permitting the passage of x-rays

91
Q

sonographer

A

aids physicians in performing ultrasound procedures

92
Q

radiologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnostic radiology

93
Q

contrast studies

A

radiopaque substances are given & conventional x-rays taken

94
Q

ultrasonography

A

use of echoes of high-frequency sound waves to diagnose diseases

95
Q

myelography

A

images of spinal cord

96
Q

retrograde pyelography

A

images of urinary tract

97
Q

angiography

A

images of blood vessels

98
Q

upper GI series

A

images of esophagus, stomach & small intestines

99
Q

cholangiography

A

images of bile vessels (ducts)

100
Q

barium enema

A

images of lower gastrointestinal tract

101
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

images of uterus & fallopian tubes

102
Q

perfusion lung scan

A

imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously & traced within the blood vessels of lung scanned

103
Q

ventilation lung scan

A

imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is inhaled & its passage through the respiratory is traced on scan

104
Q

bone scan

A

imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously & taken up by bone tissue, followed by scanning to detect the amount of radioactive substance in the bone

105
Q

thyroid scan

A

imaging technique in which a radioactive substance is given orally & scan (image) is made to assess its uptake in thyroid gland

106
Q

technetium Tc99m sestambi scan

A

test of heart muscle function

107
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A

ultrasound used to create an image of the heart

108
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

nuclear medicine imaging of lymphatic system

109
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

nuclear medicine test to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland

110
Q

PET-CT scan

A

combination of a PET scan & a CT scan to show both structure & function of the body

111
Q

picture archival & communications system (PACS) scan

A

replacement of traditional films with digital equivalents

112
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

diagnostic procedure (x-rays are used) necessary to investigate thoracic disease

113
Q

digital subtraction angiography (DSA) scan

A

x-ray of blood vessels made by taking two images (with & without contrast) & subtracting the digitized data for one from data for the other

114
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast

115
Q

radioactive technetium (Tc-99m)

A

radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine (tracer studies)

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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