chapter 20 Flashcards
radiology & nuclear medicine
radiology
medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays & other technologies (ultrasounds & MRI) to produce & interpret images of human body for diagnosis of disease
x-rays
invisible waves of energy
posteroanterior (PA) view
posterior source to anterior detector (back to front)
anteroposterior (AP) view
anterior source to posterior detector (front to back)
lateral view
in left lateral view, source is at right of patient, to detector is at left of patient (from side)
oblique view
source slanting direction at angle from perpendicular
abduction
movement away from midline
adduction
movement toward midline
eversion
turning around
extension
lengthening or straightening a flexed limb
flexion
bending a part of body
decubitus
lying down on the side
prone
lying on the belly (face down)
recumbent
lying down (prone or supine)
supine
lying on back (face up)
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
test that combines radioactive chemicals & antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient’s blood
scintiscanner (gamma camera)
detection instrument produces picture (scintiscan)
computed tomography (CT)
diagnostic x-ray procedure that produces a cross-sectional image of specific body segment
contrast studies
radiopaque material are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film
gamma camera
machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals
gamma rays
high-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances in tracer studies
half-life
time requires for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration
interventional radiology
therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by radiologists
in vitro
process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism
in vivo
process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed within a living organism
ionization
transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charges particles
magnetic resonance image (MRI)
use of magnetic field & radio waves to produce sagittal, coronal & axial images of body
nuclear medicine
medical speciality that studies uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis of disease
positron emission tomography (PET)
use of positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously to create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism
radioisotope, radionuclide
radioactive form of an element, gives off radiation
radiopaque
obstructing the passage of x-rays
radiopharmaceutical
radioactive drug used for diagnostic & therapeutic purposes
scan
image of an area, organ or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, CT or MRI
scintigraphy
diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceutical & gamma cameras to create images
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
radioactive tracer is injected intravenously & a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views
tagging
attaching a radionuclide to a chemical & following its path in the body
tracer studies
use of radionuclide tags attached to chemicals & followed as they travel through body
ultrasonography (US, U/S)
diagnostic technique that projects & retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off body parts
ultrasound transducer
handheld device that sends & receives ultrasound signals
uptake
rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue
ventilation-perfusion studies (V/Q scan)
ventilation & perfusion of a radiopharmaceutical followed by imaging it’s passage through respiratory tract
fluor/o
luminous
is/o
same
pharmaceut/o
drug
radi/o, roentgen/o
x-rays
son/o
sound
therapeut/o
treatment
vivtr/o
glass
viv/o
life
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-lucent
to shine
-opaque
obscure
cine-
movement
echo-
a repeated sound
ultra-
beyond
AP
anteroposterior
Ba
barium
BE
barium enema
C-spine
cervical spine films
CXR
chest x-ray (film)
DECUB
decubitus-lying down
DICOM
digital image communication in medicine
DI
diagnostic imaging
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
18F-FDG
fluorodeoxyglucose
Gd
gadulinium
123I, 131I
isotope of radioactive iodine
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder (series)
LAT
lateral
LS films
lumbosacral (spine) films
L-spine
lumbar spine
MDCT
multidetector CT scanner
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
MRV
magnetic resonance venography
MUGA
multiple-gated acquisitions (scan)
V/Q scan
ventilation-perfusion scan of lungs
PA
posteroanterior
PACS
picture archival & communication system
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake test
SBFT
small bowel follow-through
SPECT
single photon emission CT
99TC
radioactive technetium
201TI
thallium-201
T-spine
thoracic spine
UGI
upper gastrointestinal (series)
US, U/S
ultrasound, ultrasonography
radiolucent
permitting the passage of x-rays
sonographer
aids physicians in performing ultrasound procedures
radiologist
a physician who specializes in diagnostic radiology
contrast studies
radiopaque substances are given & conventional x-rays taken
ultrasonography
use of echoes of high-frequency sound waves to diagnose diseases
myelography
images of spinal cord
retrograde pyelography
images of urinary tract
angiography
images of blood vessels
upper GI series
images of esophagus, stomach & small intestines
cholangiography
images of bile vessels (ducts)
barium enema
images of lower gastrointestinal tract
hysterosalpingography
images of uterus & fallopian tubes
perfusion lung scan
imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously & traced within the blood vessels of lung scanned
ventilation lung scan
imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is inhaled & its passage through the respiratory is traced on scan
bone scan
imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously & taken up by bone tissue, followed by scanning to detect the amount of radioactive substance in the bone
thyroid scan
imaging technique in which a radioactive substance is given orally & scan (image) is made to assess its uptake in thyroid gland
technetium Tc99m sestambi scan
test of heart muscle function
echocardiography (ECHO)
ultrasound used to create an image of the heart
lymphoscintigraphy
nuclear medicine imaging of lymphatic system
radioactive iodine uptake test
nuclear medicine test to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
PET-CT scan
combination of a PET scan & a CT scan to show both structure & function of the body
picture archival & communications system (PACS) scan
replacement of traditional films with digital equivalents
chest x-ray (CXR)
diagnostic procedure (x-rays are used) necessary to investigate thoracic disease
digital subtraction angiography (DSA) scan
x-ray of blood vessels made by taking two images (with & without contrast) & subtracting the digitized data for one from data for the other
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast
radioactive technetium (Tc-99m)
radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine (tracer studies)
