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chapter 20 Flashcards

radiology & nuclear medicine

1
Q

radiology

A

medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays & other technologies (ultrasounds & MRI) to produce & interpret images of human body for diagnosis of disease

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2
Q

x-rays

A

invisible waves of energy

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3
Q

posteroanterior (PA) view

A

posterior source to anterior detector (back to front)

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4
Q

anteroposterior (AP) view

A

anterior source to posterior detector (front to back)

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5
Q

lateral view

A

in left lateral view, source is at right of patient, to detector is at left of patient (from side)

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6
Q

oblique view

A

source slanting direction at angle from perpendicular

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7
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

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8
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline

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9
Q

eversion

A

turning around

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10
Q

extension

A

lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

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11
Q

flexion

A

bending a part of body

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12
Q

decubitus

A

lying down on the side

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13
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly (face down)

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14
Q

recumbent

A

lying down (prone or supine)

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15
Q

supine

A

lying on back (face up)

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16
Q

radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A

test that combines radioactive chemicals & antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient’s blood

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17
Q

scintiscanner (gamma camera)

A

detection instrument produces picture (scintiscan)

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18
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

diagnostic x-ray procedure that produces a cross-sectional image of specific body segment

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19
Q

contrast studies

A

radiopaque material are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on x-ray film

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20
Q

gamma camera

A

machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals

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21
Q

gamma rays

A

high-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances in tracer studies

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22
Q

half-life

A

time requires for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration

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23
Q

interventional radiology

A

therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by radiologists

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24
Q

in vitro

A

process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism

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25
in vivo
process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed within a living organism
26
ionization
transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charges particles
27
magnetic resonance image (MRI)
use of magnetic field & radio waves to produce sagittal, coronal & axial images of body
28
nuclear medicine
medical speciality that studies uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis of disease
29
positron emission tomography (PET)
use of positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously to create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism
30
radioisotope, radionuclide
radioactive form of an element, gives off radiation
31
radiopaque
obstructing the passage of x-rays
32
radiopharmaceutical
radioactive drug used for diagnostic & therapeutic purposes
33
scan
image of an area, organ or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, CT or MRI
34
scintigraphy
diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceutical & gamma cameras to create images
35
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
radioactive tracer is injected intravenously & a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views
36
tagging
attaching a radionuclide to a chemical & following its path in the body
37
tracer studies
use of radionuclide tags attached to chemicals & followed as they travel through body
38
ultrasonography (US, U/S)
diagnostic technique that projects & retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off body parts
39
ultrasound transducer
handheld device that sends & receives ultrasound signals
40
uptake
rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue
41
ventilation-perfusion studies (V/Q scan)
ventilation & perfusion of a radiopharmaceutical followed by imaging it's passage through respiratory tract
42
fluor/o
luminous
43
is/o
same
44
pharmaceut/o
drug
45
radi/o, roentgen/o
x-rays
46
son/o
sound
47
therapeut/o
treatment
48
vivtr/o
glass
49
viv/o
life
50
-gram
record
51
-graphy
process of recording
52
-lucent
to shine
53
-opaque
obscure
54
cine-
movement
55
echo-
a repeated sound
56
ultra-
beyond
57
AP
anteroposterior
58
Ba
barium
59
BE
barium enema
60
C-spine
cervical spine films
61
CXR
chest x-ray (film)
62
DECUB
decubitus-lying down
63
DICOM
digital image communication in medicine
64
DI
diagnostic imaging
65
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
66
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
67
18F-FDG
fluorodeoxyglucose
68
Gd
gadulinium
69
123I, 131I
isotope of radioactive iodine
70
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
71
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder (series)
72
LAT
lateral
73
LS films
lumbosacral (spine) films
74
L-spine
lumbar spine
75
MDCT
multidetector CT scanner
76
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
77
MRV
magnetic resonance venography
78
MUGA
multiple-gated acquisitions (scan)
79
V/Q scan
ventilation-perfusion scan of lungs
80
PA
posteroanterior
81
PACS
picture archival & communication system
82
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake test
83
SBFT
small bowel follow-through
84
SPECT
single photon emission CT
85
99TC
radioactive technetium
86
201TI
thallium-201
87
T-spine
thoracic spine
88
UGI
upper gastrointestinal (series)
89
US, U/S
ultrasound, ultrasonography
90
radiolucent
permitting the passage of x-rays
91
sonographer
aids physicians in performing ultrasound procedures
92
radiologist
a physician who specializes in diagnostic radiology
93
contrast studies
radiopaque substances are given & conventional x-rays taken
94
ultrasonography
use of echoes of high-frequency sound waves to diagnose diseases
95
myelography
images of spinal cord
96
retrograde pyelography
images of urinary tract
97
angiography
images of blood vessels
98
upper GI series
images of esophagus, stomach & small intestines
99
cholangiography
images of bile vessels (ducts)
100
barium enema
images of lower gastrointestinal tract
101
hysterosalpingography
images of uterus & fallopian tubes
102
perfusion lung scan
imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously & traced within the blood vessels of lung scanned
103
ventilation lung scan
imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is inhaled & its passage through the respiratory is traced on scan
104
bone scan
imaging technique in which a radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously & taken up by bone tissue, followed by scanning to detect the amount of radioactive substance in the bone
105
thyroid scan
imaging technique in which a radioactive substance is given orally & scan (image) is made to assess its uptake in thyroid gland
106
technetium Tc99m sestambi scan
test of heart muscle function
107
echocardiography (ECHO)
ultrasound used to create an image of the heart
108
lymphoscintigraphy
nuclear medicine imaging of lymphatic system
109
radioactive iodine uptake test
nuclear medicine test to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
110
PET-CT scan
combination of a PET scan & a CT scan to show both structure & function of the body
111
picture archival & communications system (PACS) scan
replacement of traditional films with digital equivalents
112
chest x-ray (CXR)
diagnostic procedure (x-rays are used) necessary to investigate thoracic disease
113
digital subtraction angiography (DSA) scan
x-ray of blood vessels made by taking two images (with & without contrast) & subtracting the digitized data for one from data for the other
114
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast
115
radioactive technetium (Tc-99m)
radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine (tracer studies)

medical terminolgy (22 decks)

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