chapter 21 Flashcards
pharmacology
1
Q
drugs
A
medicines/ substances used to prevent or treat conditions or diseases
2
Q
chemotherapy
A
drugs that destroy microorganisms, parasites, malignant cells
3
Q
addiction
A
physical & psychological dependence on & craving for a drug
4
Q
additive action
A
drug action in which the combo of two similar drugs is equal to sum of the effectors of each
5
Q
aerosol
A
particles of drug suspended in air
6
Q
anaphylaxis
A
exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previous encountered drug or foreign protein
7
Q
antagonistic action
A
combo of two drugs gives less than an additive effect
8
Q
antidote
A
agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
9
Q
brand name (trademark or trade name)
A
commercial name for a drug
10
Q
chemical name
A
chemical formula for a drug
11
Q
contraindication
A
factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment
12
Q
controlled substances
A
drugs that produce tolerance & dependence & have potential for abuse addiction
13
Q
dependence
A
prolonged use of a drug that may lead to physiologic need for it’s actions in the body
14
Q
dose
A
amount of drug administrated
15
Q
food & drug administration (FDA)
A
U.S. government agency with legal responsibilities to enforce proper drug manufacture & clinical use
16
Q
generic name
A
legal noncommercial name for a drug
17
Q
iatrogenic
A
condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel
18
Q
idiosyncratic reaction
A
unexcepted effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient, but not seen in most people
19
Q
inhalation
A
administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor for through the nose or mouth
20
Q
medicinal chemistry
A
study of new drug synthesis
21
Q
molecular pharmacology
A
study of interaction of drugs & their target molecules
22
Q
oral administration
A
drugs are given by mouth
23
Q
parenteral administration
A
drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins
24
Q
pharmacist
A
specialist in preparing & dispensing drugs
25
pharmacy
location of preparing & dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing & dispensing drugs
26
pharmacodynamics
study of drug effectors within the body
27
pharmacokinetics
study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion over a period of time
28
pharmacologist
specialist in the study of properties, uses & side effects of drugs
29
pharmacology
study of the preparation, properties, uses & side effects of drugs
30
physicians' desk reference (PDR)
reference book that lists drug products
31
receptor
target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
32
rectal administration
drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum
33
resistance
lack of beneficial response
34
response
desired & beneficial effect of a drug
35
schedule
exact timing & frequency of drug administration
36
side effect
adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from use of a drug
37
sublingual administration
drugs are given by placement under the tongue
38
synergism
combo of two drugs causes & effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
39
syringe
instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluid from the body
40
tolerance
larger & larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect
41
topical application
drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body
42
toxicity
harmful effects of a drug
43
toxicology
study of harmful chemicals & their effects on the body
44
transport
movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells
45
united states pharmacopeia (USP)
authoritative list of drugs, formulas & preparations that sets standards for drug manufacturing & dispensing
46
vitamin
substance found in foods & essential in small quantities for growth & good health
47
aer/o
air
48
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
49
bronch/o
bronchial tube
50
chem/o
drug
51
cras/o
mixture
52
cutane/o & derm/o
skin
53
erg/o
work
54
esthes/o
feeling, sensation
55
hist/o
tissue
56
hypn/o
sleep
57
iatr/o
treatment
58
lingu/o
tongue
59
myc/o
mold, fungus
60
narc/o
stupor
61
or/o
mouth
62
pharmac/o
drug
63
pruit/o
itching
64
pyret/o
fever
65
thec/o
sheath ( of brain & spinal cord)
66
tox/o & toxic/o
poison
67
vas/o
vessel
68
ven/o
vein
69
vit/o
life
70
ana-
upward, excessive
71
anti-
against
72
contra-
against, opposite
73
par-
other than, apart
74
syn-
together, with
75
a.c., ac
after meals
76
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
77
ad lib
freely, as desired
78
ADAP
acetaminophen
79
ARB
angiotensin II receptor blocker
80
b.i.d, bid
two times a day
81
c-
with
82
Caps
capsules
83
Cc
cubic centimeter
84
gm, g
gram
85
gtt
drops
86
h
hour
87
h.s., hs
at bedtime
88
H2 block
histamine h2 receptor anatagonist
89
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
90
IM
intramuscular
91
INH
isoniazid-antituberculosis agent
92
IV
intravenous
93
MAOI
monoamine oxidase inhibitor
94
mg
milligram
95
ml, mL
milliter
96
NPO
nothing by mouth
97
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
98
p-
after
99
PCA
patient-controlled analgesia
99
p.c., pc
after meals
100
PO, p.o., po
by mouth
101
p.r.n., prn
as needed, as necessary
102
Pt
pateint
103
q
every
104
q.h., qh
every hour
105
q2h
every 2 hours
106
q.i.d., qid
four times a day
107
q.s., qs
sufficient quantity
108
qAM
every morning
109
qPM
every evening
110
Rx (Pharm)
prescription
111
s-
without
112
SERM
selective estrogen receptor modulator
113
sig
directions- how to take medications
114
SL
sublingual
115
s.o.s
if it is necessary
116
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
117
SQ
subcutaneous
118
tab
tablet
119
TCA
tricyclic antidepressant
120
t.i.d, tid
three times a day
121
antidote
agent is given to counteract harmful effects of a drug
122
intravenous (IV)
within a vein
123
intrathecal
within a sheath (membranes around the spinal cord or brain)
124
antiseptic
an agent works against infection
125
antipruritic
an agent that works against itching
126
intramuscular (IM)
within a muscle
127
subcutaneous (SQ)
under the skin
128
intracavity
within a cavity
129
intravenous drug examples:
blood transfusions
130
rectal drug examples:
suppositories
131
oral drug examples:
tablets & capsules
132
topical drug examples:
lotions, creams, ointments
133
inhalation drug examples:
aerosol medications
134
intrathecal drug examples:
lumbar puncture
135
intramuscular drug examples:
deep injection, usually in buttock
136
intradermal drug examples:
skin testing for allergy
137
antibiotic
an agent that inhibits or kills germ life (microorganisms)
138
antidepressants
an agent that relieves the symptoms of depression
139
antihistamines
an agent that blocks the action of histamine & relieves allergic symptoms
140
analgesic
an agent that relieves pain
141
anticoagulant
an agent that prevents blood clotting
142
anesthetic
an agent that reduces or eliminates sensation
143
antidiabetic
an agent used to prevent diabetes mellitus
144
sedative
an agent (mildly hypnotic) that relaxes & calms nervousness
145
stimulant
an agent that excites & promotes activity
146
tranquilizer
a drug used to control anxiety & severe disturbances of behavior
147
antihistamine drug examples:
anaphylactic shock
148
analgesic drug examples:
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
149
antidiabetic drug examples:
insulin
150
anticoagulant drug examples:
heparin
151
antibiotic drug examples:
penicillin or erythromycin
152
stimulant drug examples:
caffeine or amphetamines
153
sedative-hypnotic drug examples:
benzodiazepine
154
tranquilizer drug examples:
phenothiazine
155
beta blocker
drug that blocks the action of epinephrine at sites of receptors of heart muscles, blood vessels & bronchial tubes (antihypertensive, antianginal & antiarrhythmics)
156
glucocorticoid
a hormone from the adrenal glands that reduces inflammation & raises blood sugar
157
calcium channel blocker
a drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle & blood vessel walls (antihypertensive, antianginal & antiarrhythmics)
158
antacid
a drug that neutralizes acid in the stomach
159
cathartic
drug that relieves constipation
160
antiemetic
a drug that prevents nausea & vomiting
161
bronchodilater
a drug that opens air passages
162
hypnotic
an agent that produces sleep
163
diuretic
a drug that reduces the volume of blood & lowers blood pressure
164
cholesterol-lowering drug
a drug that reduces cholesterol levels (treats hypercholesterolemia)
165
what do anticonvulsant drugs treat?
epilepsy
166
what do anticoagulant drugs treat?
thrombosis & embolism
167
what do progestin drugs treat?
abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance
168
what do antibiotic drugs treat?
streptococcal pharyngitis
169
what do ACE inhibitor drugs treat?
CHF & hypertension
170
what do bronchodilator drugs treat?
asthma
171
what do antihistamine drugs treat?
anaphylactic shock
172
what do tranquilizer drugs treat?
severe behavior disturbances & anxiety
173
what do analgesic drugs treat?
myalgia & neuralgia
174
antipyretic
agent that reduces fever
175
narcotic
habit-forming analgesic
176
erythomycin
antibiotic derives from a red mold
177
cephalosporins (cefprozil) & penicillins are examples of:
antibiotic drugs
178
advil (ibuprofen) is an example of:
NSAID
179
tegretol (carbamazepine) & dilantin (phenytoin) are examples of:
anticonvulsant
180
zovirax (acyclovir) & crixivan (indinavir) are both types of:
antiviral
181
nolvadex (tanoxifen) is a:
antiestrogen
182
patients with high blood pressure may need vasotec (enalapril) or zestril (lisinopril) are examples of:
ACE inhibitor
183
metformin & avandia (rosigiltazone) are two types of:
oral antidiuretic or type 2 diabetes
184
evista (raloxifene) is an example of:
SERM
185
elavil (amitriptyline) & prozac (fluoxetine) are two types of:
antidepressant
186
allegra (fexofenadine) is a:
antihistamine
187
lasix (furosemide) & aldactone (spironolactone) are:
diuretic
188
xylocaine (lidocaine) & pentothal (thiopental) are examples of an:
anesthetic
189
1 tab PO q.i.d p.c. & h.s
take one tablet by mouth, four times a day, after meals & at bedtime
190
15-60 mg IM q4-6h
administer 15 to 60 milligrams intramuscularly, every 4-6 hours
191
2 cap p.o. h.s.
take two capsules by mouth at bedtime
192
1 tab SL p.r.n.
place one tablet under the tongue, as needed
193
apply topically qhs prn
apply to the skin, at bedtime as needed
