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Anatomy And Physiology PHS > Chapter 7 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, protection, movement, storage, hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid gland hormone that increases mineralization of calcium and reduces blood calcium

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3
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid hormone that decreases calcium in the bone and increases blood calcium

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4
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation. Carried out in red bone marrow

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5
Q

Four major types of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular

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6
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone. Hollow, hard, compact

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7
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow area of the long bone. Contains yellow bone marrow

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8
Q

Epiphyses

A

End of the long bone. Contains red bone marrow

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9
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage that covers the epiphysis. Small cushion

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10
Q

Periosteum

A

Strong membrane of dense fiber covering a long bone except at joint surfaces

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11
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

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12
Q

Diploe

A

Cancellous bone layer of a flat bone

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13
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, dense outer layer of bone. Appears solid to the naked eye.

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14
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Porous inside of bones. Also called spongy bone. Filled with red or yellow marrow

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15
Q

Trabeculae

A

Lattice beams of the cancellous bone

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16
Q

Osteon

A

Extra cellular matrix of compact bone. Composed of calcified matrix arranged in layers like an onion.

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17
Q

Concentric lamella

A

Rings of the osteon

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18
Q

Central canal

A

Inner portion of the concentric lamella. Contains blood vessels.

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19
Q

Transverse canals

A

Connect central canals in compact bone

20
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells. No longer active making osteoblasts. Contained in the lacunae

21
Q

Canaliculi

A

Connect lacunae with each other and with central canal of each osteon. Nutrients are passed through and distributed

22
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible like firm plastic. Collagen fibers reinforce the matrix. No blood vessels so slow to repair after injury.

23
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage cells.

24
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

25
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone reabsorbing cells

26
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Process of cartilage turning to bone

27
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Area of cartilage between epiphyses and diaphysis. As long as this remains the bone continues to grow.

28
Q

Epiphseal line

A

Mark where centers of ossification have fused together. Bone growth ceases.

29
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Calcification of fibrous membranes of some bones like the skull

30
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots of a newborn baby’s skull

31
Q

Number of skull bones

A

28

32
Q

Number of cranium bones

A

8

33
Q

Number of facial bones

A

14

34
Q

Number of ear bones

A

6

35
Q

Sinuses

A

Cavities of the cranial bones. 4 pairs called paranasal sinuses when opening into the nose

36
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable joints

37
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Anchors the tongue and larynx. Not connected to any other bones.

38
Q

Number of bones in the spinal column

A

26 total bones. 24 vertebrae.

39
Q

3 kinds of joints

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

40
Q

Synarthroses

A

No significant movement. Connective tissue holds them tightly together. Sutures

41
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slight movement possible at the joint. Usually made of cartilage. Pelvis, vertebrae.

42
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints. Joint capsule, joint cavity, layer of cartilage.

43
Q

Joint capsule

A

Made of fibrous connective tissue and lined with synovial fluid. Fits over ends of two bones. Joins to shaft of the bones.

44
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Layer over the joint end of bones that absorbs shock. Smooth surface to lower friction.

45
Q

Joint cavity

A

Lined with synovial membranes that secrete synovial fluid.

46
Q

Functional types of diarthroses

A

Ball and socket, pivot, hinge, gliding, saddle, condyloid.

Anatomy And Physiology PHS (21 decks)

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