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Anatomy And Physiology PHS > Chapter 6 - Skin And Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Skin And Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Membrane

A

Thin, sheet like structure that may have many important functions in the body.

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2
Q

Epithelial membranes

A

Composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

Connective tissue membranes

A

Exclusively various types of connective tissue. No epithelial cells present.

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4
Q

3 types of epithelial membranes

A

Cutaneous, serous, mucous

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5
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin. Uniquely suited for many functions.

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6
Q

Serous membrane

A

2 distinct layers. Epithelial sheet is simple squamous cells. Connective tissue forms a very thin gluelike membrane that holds and supports. Secrete a lubricant that helps reduce friction.

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7
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the walls of a body cavity like wallpaper

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8
Q

Visceral layer

A

Portion of the membrane that folds inwards to cover the surface of the organ within a cavity.

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9
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane around the lungs in the thoracic cavity

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10
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane covering most of the abdominal organs.

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11
Q

Pericardium

A

Fluid filled pocket around the heart.

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12
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura that lines the chest cavity. Pain is caused by friction of the lungs rub against the chest cavity.

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13
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity.

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14
Q

Mucous membranes

A

A layer of epithelial tissue and fibrous connective tissue. Line body surfaces opening directly to the outside of the body.

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15
Q

Mucus

A

Thick, slimy material that keeps membranes soft and moist.

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16
Q

Lamina propria

A

Fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium.

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17
Q

Mucocutaneous junction

A

Transitional area that serves as the point of fusion where mucous membranes and skin meet. Lack accessory organs. Moistened by glands in the body orifice.

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18
Q

Connective tissue membranes

A

Do not contain epithelial components.

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19
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lining of joint capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones.

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20
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricating fluid. Helps reduce friction between opposing surfaces.

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21
Q

Bursae

A

Small cushion like sacs found between moving parts.

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22
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin. Thin. Composed of stratified squamous epithelium

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23
Q

Dermis

A

Deeper of two layers. Largely made up of connective tissue.

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24
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Or hypodermis. Insulates the body from extremes of cold and heat. Stored source of energy if required. Shock absorber

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25
Q

Stratum germinativium

A

Innermost layer of the epidermis. Cells undergo mitosis and then are pushed upward through the strata

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26
Q

Keratin

A

Tough, waterproof protein. Provides cells in the outer layer with horny, abrasion resistant and protective quality.

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27
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Tough, outermost layer of the epidermis

28
Q

Melanin

A

Brown pigment produced by cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. Responsible for skin color. More concentrated melanin means deeper color of skin. Absorbs UV rays

29
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce melanin.

30
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blood oxygen levels decrease, or if blood flow is reduced dramatically and the skin turns blue-grey in color.

31
Q

Dermal-epidermal junction

A

Basement junction of epidermal and dermal layers. When weakened or destroyed it causes blisters.

32
Q

Dermis

A

Deeper of two primary layers of skin. Mechanical strength of skin. Scattered cells with many fibers between.

33
Q

Papillary layer

A

Upper region of the dermis. Parallel rows of tiny bumps called dermal papillae. Helps improve grip by increasing surface area of the junction.

34
Q

Reticular layer

A

Filled with dense network of interlacing fibers. Mostly collagen. Contains extensive network of nerves and nerve endings.

35
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Superficial fascia or hypodermis. Connection between skin and underlying structures like bones and muscle.

36
Q

Lanugo

A

Hair of a newborn infant. Soft and fine

37
Q

Hair follicle

A

Small tube that contains the hair

38
Q

Hair root

A

Hidden portion of the hair

39
Q

Hair shaft

A

Visible portion of the hair

40
Q

Hair papilla

A

Small bump where hair growth begins. Nourished by dermal blood vessels. Covered in a form of stratum germinativum. Old cells are pushed up and replaced with keratin forming the cylinder of hair.

41
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Tiny, smooth, involuntary muscle. Generally contract when cold or scared. Causing goose bumps

42
Q

Nails

A

Accessory organ of the skin produced at the terminal end of fingers and toes. Filled with keratin and become hard and plate like

43
Q

Nail body

A

Visible portion of the nail

44
Q

Cuticle

A

Hidden fold of skin that contains the nail root

45
Q

Lunula

A

Nail body nearest the root. White crescent shaped white area.

46
Q

Nail bed

A

Layer of epithelium under the nail. Abundant blood vessels.

47
Q

Lamellar corpuscle

A

Detects pressure deep in the dermis

48
Q

Tactile corpuscle

A

Detects light touch. More superficial receptor.

49
Q

Skin glands

A

Two varieties of sweat glands and the sebaceous glands

50
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands. Two types. Eccrine and apocrine.

51
Q

Eccrine gland

A

Most numerous gland. Quite small and over most surfaces of the body. Produce perspiration or sweat. Eliminates wastes like ammonia or uric acid.

52
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Found in the armpit and pigmented skin around the genitals. Larger than eccrine glands. Don’t secrete sweat but a thicker secretion.

53
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

Secrete oil for hair and skin. Open into hair follicles. Increases during adolescence by increased blood levels of sex hormones.

54
Q

Sebum

A

Secreted by sebaceous gland. Lubricates hair and skin.

55
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Protection, temperature regulation, sense organ activity, excretion, synthesis of vitamin D.

56
Q

3 most common types of skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma. UV damage to DNA. Skin can repair itself but in some folks they cannot.

57
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Purple papules that quickly spread to lymph nodes and internal organs. Caused by Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus.

58
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Slow growing malignant tumor of the epidermis. Hard, raised nodule that is painless. If not treated will grow and metastasize.

59
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common skin cancer. Usually appears on upper face. Less likely to metastasize. Small raised lesion that erodes to form a bleeding crusted crater.

60
Q

Melanoma

A

Most serious skin cancer. Sometimes for at a benign pigmented mole. Increasing in the US.

61
Q

Burn classification

A
  1. Depth and number of tissues. 2. Total body surface affected. 3. Type of homeostatic functions involved (BP, respiratory control, fluid balance)
62
Q

Rule or nines

A

Used to estimate surface area of burns

63
Q

First degree burn

A

Minor discomfort and reddening of the skin. No blisters. Minimal tissue destruction

64
Q

Second degree burn

A

Deep epidermal layer and injury to upper layer of the dermis. Blister, pain, fluid loss and swelling.

65
Q

Third degree burn

A

Complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous tissue. Third degree lesions are insensitive to pain because nerves are damaged. Fluid loss is a severe issue.

66
Q

Fourth degree burn

A

Extends below the subcutaneous layer to reach muscle or bone. Requires extensive skin grafting and possible amputation.

Anatomy And Physiology PHS (21 decks)

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